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The abundance of data, coupled with the need for powerful data processing methods, has been descried as a "data rich but information poor" situation.

在很多情况下，企业拥有大量的数据，却缺乏对这些数据的有效的处理和分析，更无法对决策分析提供信息。

Among used machine learning methods, the gradient descent method is widely used to train various classifiers, such as Back-propagation neural network and linear text classifier. However, the gradient descent method is easily trapped into a local minimum and slowly converges. Thus, this study presents a gradient forecasting search method based on prediction methods to enhance the performance of the gradient descent method in order to develop a more efficient and precise machine learning method for Web mining.However, a prediction method with few sample data items and precise forecasting ability is a key issue to the gradient forecasting search method. Applying statistic-based prediction methods to implement GFSM is unsuitable because they require a large number of data items to model a prediction model. In the contrast with statistic-based prediction methods, GM(1,1) grey prediction model does not need a large number of data items to build a prediction model, and it has low computational load. However, the original GM(1,1) grey prediction model uses a mathematical hypothesis and approximation to transform a continuous differential equation into a discrete difference equation in order to model a forecasting model.

其中梯度法是一个最常被使用来实现机器学习的方法之一，然而梯度法具有学习速度慢以及容易陷入局部最佳解的缺点，因此，本研究提出一个梯度预测搜寻法则(gradient forecasting search method， GFSM)来改善传统梯度法的缺点，用来提升一些以梯度学习法则为基础的分类器在资讯探勘上的效率与正确性；而一个所需资料量少、计算复杂度低且精确的预测模型是梯度预测搜寻法能否有效进行最佳解搜寻之关键因素，传统统计为基础之预测方法的缺点是需要较大量的数据进行预测，因此计算复杂度高，灰色预测模型具有建模资料少且计算复杂度低等优点，然而灰色预测理论以连续之微分方程式为基础，并且透过一些数学上的假设与近似，将连续之微分方程式转换成离散之差分方程式来对离散型资料进行建模及预测，这样的作法不尽合理，且缺乏数学理论上的完备性，因为在转换过程中已经造成建模上的误差，且建模过程仅考虑相邻的两个资料点关系，无法正确反应数列未来的变化趋势。

Ethernet data stream with HTML format and DVB-C data stream with MPEG2 format is inputted in form of ASI and SPI, and send it into FIFO via 74F675A. 5416 packs and encrypts and transfers to DVB-C and Ethernet by time diplex mode. Thereby, data bus access is realized.

HTML格式以太网数据流和MPEG2格式DVB-C数据流以ASI和SPI形式输入，经74F675A串并转换进入FIFO.5416进行打包和加密并以时分复用方式传输DVB-C和以太网数据，实现数据总线访问。

The enhanced direct memory access is an important technology used for fast speed data transfer in data signal processor.EDMA is able to move data block independent of CPU, and this capability meets real-time image processing.

增强型直接内存存取是数字信号处理器中用于快速数据交换的重要技术，具有独立于CPU 的后台批量数据传输的能力，能够满足实时图像处理中高速数据传输的要求。

The chain node structure ┌——┬——┐│ data │ next │└——┴——┘ Data domain - storage node value of the data domain next domain - storage node of the direct successor to the address indicator domain Note:① chain through each node of the domain linked to the linear form of the n nodes according to their links with the logical sequence.

2 ，链条节点结构┌--┬--┐│数据││未来└--┴--┘数据域-存储节点值的数据域未来域-存储节点的直接的继任者的地址的指标，网域注意：①链，通过每个节点域联系在一起的线性形式的N节点根据其联系的逻辑顺序。

Earthworks zero line is determined by constructing the spatial gridding curved surface model of the original terrain and the field leveling design terrain by digital elevation mode. The DEM data of original terrain are obtained by actual measurement. The mathematical correlation is deducted to demonstrate the relationship between the coordinates of any point on spatial line and the direction cosine by the spatial linear equation. DEM data obtaining program is compiled by Fortran9.0 and it is applied automatically to obtain the DEM data of field leveling design terrain.

目的 利用数字高程模型(digital elevation model， DEM)构造原始地形和场平设计地形的空间网格曲面模型，确定土方工程中的零线方法通过实测提取原始地形DEM数据；依据空间直线方程，推导空间线段土任意点的坐标与方向余弦的数学关系式，采用Fortran90程序设计语言编写DEM数据提取程序，自动提取场平设计地形DEM数据；应用Surfers8.0和MapInfo软件构造规则的网格空间曲面模型并导出网格节，点数据；擦除场平设计范围外数据。

Publicly available data on US FDI activity has limitations in how disaggregated such data can be reported and these categories represent the finest level of disaggregation for which we can get public data by country and industry on an annual basis.

公开的数据，美国的外国直接投资活动的限制，这些数据如何分类可以报告和这些类别代表了最好的水平分列的，我们可以得到公众的数据按国家和行业在年度基础上。

Considering that magic cube is easy to disarrange and hard to solve, I designed the Magic Cube Stream Cipher: the main part is a virtual cube filled with data; by turning the magic cube many times, original data are disarranged and new ones are generated; new data serve as current secret key, which is a part of the key stream.

我根据魔方"打乱容易恢复难"的特性，设计了魔方流密码算法：主体是一个由数据构成的虚拟魔方；利用多次魔方变换改变数据"魔方"的整体状态并生成新的数据；以此作为本次加密运算的密钥。

As an important technology on data authentication, digital signature can be used to identify the instance of denying, forgery, tamper and imitation in today's communication network. It can provide the data integrity, figure authentication, and also prevent from disavowal of a sender during data transmission.

在现代的数字通信网络中，数字签名作为数据认证技术中的一项关键技术，可以解决否认、伪造、篡改及冒充问题，用来保证信息传输过程中的完整性，提供信息发送者的身份认证和不可抵赖性。

After a brief summary on data mining and rough set theory, the research works in the thesis can be descript as follows: 1. To the problem that finding rules in enormous data is very timeconsumable and the expansibility of existed algorithms is not very good, the thesis proposes a new method to discompose large data table based on the concepts of positive region and the importance of attribute in rough set theory.

Rough集理论是一种新型的处理不确定性知识的数学工具，围绕着数据挖掘领域存在的问题，本文利用Rough集理论与Rough分析工具，提出若干解决方案，同时在具体处理问题过程中引入了信息理论、因子分析等方法，与Rough分析结合使用，讨论了Rough集技术在知识发现、关联规则挖掘、模式分类以及数据清洗等问题中的应用。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。