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Based on observation data, the development process of the breach of landslide dams due to over topping may divided into 3 modes: vertical erosion, breadthwise extension and regression erosion of dam slope. A mathematical model describing the gradual failure process of the landslide dams is established based on the formula expressing the high intensity erosion obtained from experimental data, which can integrate the 3 modes of breach development process together. The validity of the model is verified by observation data.

根据一般滑坡堰塞坝特点和实际观测到的堰塞坝溃口发展规律建立了一个溃口扩展模式，并将溃口扩展过程归纳为溃口垂直下切、横向扩展和坝坡溯源冲刷3种主要表现形式，采用通过试验资料建立的高强度泥沙冲刷计算公式将这3种表现方式联系在一起，建立了堰塞坝逐渐溃决数学模型，并利用实测溃坝资料验证了模型的可靠性。

The problem of cartographic generalization of spatial data concerns deriving spatial data with proper level of details when the data are used for an application.

制图学中的制图综合就是为不同的应用生成恰当的细节层面。

The results in these three regions have been given that (1) Ephedra, as dry and desert vegetation, the average percents are 7.7 in Yang Lake, 4.2 in Kunlun Rive, 7.5 in Doucuo Lake, and the datum in Yang Lake is higher than others;(2) Gramineae, as humid vegetation, the average percents are 1.2 in Yang Lake, 4.9 in Kunlun Rive, 12.0 in Kuhai Lake, increasing gradually from west to east;(3) Artemisia, as humid vegetation, the average percents are 22.2 in Yang Lake, 43.6 in Kunlun Rive, 48.8 in Kuhai Lake, increasing gradually from west to east, too;(4) Chenopodiaceae, as dry vegetation, the average percents are 52.1 in Yang Lake, 42.4 in Kunlun Rive, 11.5 in Kuhai Lake, however, decreasing gradually from west to east;(5) Artemisia/Chenopodiaceae ,the average data, as environmental changing index, are 0.45 in Yang Lake, 1.23 in Kuniun Rive, 5.59 in Kuhai Lake, increasing gradually from west to east, and there is higher data scope during 3.0~4.3 ka BP in these two lake sediment profiles, then decreasing;(6) Ephedra/Artemisia, data are all increased but the amplitude is different, such as 0.45 in Yang Lake, 0.34 in Kunlun Rive, 0.28 in Kuhai Lake, decreasing gradually from west to east.

代表气候湿润的禾本科花粉平均百分含量，三个地区分别为：1.2%、4.9%、12.0%，从西向东数值逐渐升高。③代表气候湿润的蒿属花粉平均百分含量，三个地区分别为：22.2%，43.6%，48.8%，从西向东数值逐渐升高。④代表气候干旱的草科花粉平均百分含量，三个地区分别为：52.1%，42.4%，11.5%，从西向东数值逐渐降低。⑤依据蒿属、藜科花粉百分含量，计算出环境变化指标，蒿属／藜科值，三个地区的平均值分别为：0.45，1.23，5.59，从西向东比值逐渐升高，⑥麻黄属／蒿属值，在全新世晚期，三个地区都呈上升趋势，但幅度存在差异，分别为：0.45，0.34，0.28，从西向东数值逐渐降低。

This developed system close circumambulate the management that important function launch with the diagram paper and technique data closely, it is the embodiment of that the data information is the importance constitute the part of product data.

该系统的研制开发，紧密围绕着产品生产过程中起重要作用的图纸和技术资料的管理展开，体现出资料信息是产品数据的重要组成部分。

Based on hydrogeological data and groundwater chemical analysis data and the theory and methodologies of groundwater chemical dynamics in combination with limited pumping test data, some groundwater chemical index such as activity of component、mineral saturation index are calculated and some hydrogeological parameters such as hydraulic conductively,transmissibility,artual speed of groundwater、specific velocity and groundwater age are also calculated zonally.The above calculation results are beneficial to quantificationally recognize the local hydrogeological conditions and to attest that the confined aquifer of Taconic formation has good permeability and transmissibility and t good renewal ability because of the active groundwater movement.

依据已有水文地质和水质分析资料，运用地下水化学动力学理论和方法，通过水化学指标（组分活度α、矿物饱和指数β）的计算分析，结合有限的抽水试验资料，分区计算出渗透系数K、导水系数T、地下水实际流速U、渗透速度V和地下水年龄t等5项水文地质参数，定量的认识水文地质条件，认证了水源地泰康组承压含水层具有渗透性强、导水性强、地下水循环交替快、可更新能力强等特点。

Video server sends a RSVP message to reserve resource for client, and the system calculates and analyses QoS parameters using control information of RTP/RTCP packets and ICMP Echo request message, and controls the transmission grade by corresponding strategy to ensure network QoS, which enhances the system reaction to network condition and stabilizes the throughput and solves the problems of data transmission and using bandwidth fairly between multicast data and other kind of data when network is congestible and unstable.

整个模型系统主要由视频服务器、路由节点和客户端构成，通过RSVP协议进行资源预留协商，并在传输过程中利用RTP/RTCP包中携带的控制信息结合ICMP Echo请求报文提取QoS参数，对其进行分析判断，采用相应策略对传输级别进行实时控制，保障了网络QoS，提高了系统对网络状况的反应速度，降低了传输速率的波动性，较好解决了网络拥塞和不稳定时数据的有效传输以及与其他数据流公平占用带宽的问题。

Retroreflector array is used as pseudo phase conjugator in the system. The fidelity of the conjugate wave and matching problem of the retroreflector array and Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor is discussed. Several data fusion methods are presented in order to having two Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensors control one set of wavefront corrector. The misalignment errors of Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor and arrangement errors of wavefront sensor and deformable mirror are analyzed. At the same time, numerical work based on the data of practically system, such as 61 element AO system, are done corresponding to the problem respectively and the results are given. The system of CP/CM AO is setup to fulfill all the functions. Through the data fusion of two Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensors, the system runs successfully and realizes the close loop. It lays a good foundation for the application of CP/CM AO. Another aspect of this paper is to expand the working band of Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor through Frequency Transfer of Nonlinear Optics.

针对不同的应用环境，提出了四种CP／CM衍生光路；进行了关键器件——角反射器阵列的保真度分析，给出了角反射器阵列作为伪相位共轭器件，与哈特曼—夏克波前传感器的匹配条件，认为角反射器阵列的布局要与哈特曼波前传感器的微透镜阵列布局完全对应，才能达到最优探测效果；提出了四种双哈特曼传感器控制一套波前校正器的数据融合方式，并逐一进行了分析，认为加修正因子斜率融合和电压融合方式在目前工程中是适用的，并进行了相应的数值模拟；给出了哈特曼传感器自身的调整误差分析过程，得到了误差可通过常规标定消除的判断依据；通过数值计算，得到了常规自适应光学系统和CP／CM系统哈特曼传感器和变形镜的对准误差对系统性能的影响，给出了两种系统对于不同对准误差情况下校正效果的变化情况和相应系统容限；以37单元自适应光学系统为基础，搭建了CP／CM自适应光学系统光路，并完成了系列CP／CM功能实现实验，运用双哈特曼传感器数据融合，成功实现了CP／CM自适应光学系统的闭环实验。

This thesis analyses the realization difficulty of security modules high-speed handling and large-scale SA entries management. To realize the high-speed handle of data plane, parallel handling and pipeline technologies are introduced to the design of security module, which realizes parallel pipeline high-speed handling structure based on FPGA and high-speed encapsulation/decapsulation of IP data packages on the data plane.

分析了安全模块进行高速处理及大容量表项管理的实现难点，针对数据平面高速处理的要求，将并行处理与流水线技术引入到安全模块的具体设计中，实现了基于FPGA的并行流水线高速处理结构，完成数据平面中对IP数据包的高速封装／解封装处理。

There are fault data during the data acquisition due to uncertain disturbance; these data will degrade the navigation accuracy of whole system. A continuous degressive function is presented in this paper. This function can eliminate the influence of disturbance and improve filter precision.

由于不确定性干扰使数据采样中会存在野值，这些野值会大大降低整个系统的导航精度，本文提出了对新息乘以一个单调递减的加权函数的算法，能消除干扰的影响，滤波结果更为可靠、准确。

As a result, in integrating data the critical question is how to take advantage of 3D seismic data and well data to descript petroleum no homogeneous.

因此，数据综合中典型的问题是如何利用3D地震资料和井资料来更好地描述油藏的非均质性。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。