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Although the data from the 1920s and 1930s show a highly unequal distribution of land, Brandt and Sands show that shifting the statistical base from landholding per household into per capita terms narrows the gap between poor and wealthy households.

尽管20世纪二十年代到三十年代的数据显示了较高土地分配的不公，白若文和桑德斯表明，从每户所有土地到人均土地的统计变化缩小了贫困家庭和富裕家庭的鸿沟。

The nonlinearity and discrete gradient inherited in CAViaR model is a conundrum for parameter estimation. We take the asymmetric Laplace distribution with scale parameter as the error process; indicate the variance has a minimum positive value when the scale parameter is a constant, conflicting with the distribution of real financial data. Further we estimate the parameters of indirect TARCH-CAViaR model base on Bayesian framework and Markov chain Monte Carlo method. The optimal scale parameter can also be obtained by Markov chain Monte Carlo method.

CAViaR一般模型中递归分位回归方程的非线性和非连续可微性是参数估计的一个难题，基于含有尺度参数的不对称拉普拉斯分布作为误差过程，指出将尺度参数固定为常数会导致不对称拉普拉斯分布随机变量的方差存在最小正值的限制，与实际金融数据分布不符；进而提出采用贝叶斯分析和马尔科夫链蒙特卡罗模拟方法，估计间接TARCH-CAViaR模型的参数，并可获得尺度参数的合理估计。

For the image with random field feature, the description language is probability distribution model, and the description length equals the negative base-two logarithm of the probability of the image data; For the region homogeneity properties of active contour, the description language is chosen as a sign gradient map, and the description length is the summation of sign gradient inside the active contour; For the active contour regularity, the description language is smoothness, and the corresponding description length is the length of active contour curve.

随机场图像的描述语言采用概率分布模型，描述长度是围道内外区域中图像数据概率的以2为底对数的负数；活动围道区域一致性的描述语言为有符号的梯度图，描述长度是围道内区域有符号梯度的总和；围道形态的描述语言采用平滑性，描述长度正比于围道的长度。

In chapter 3, this paper describes the various models of the passive dampers for analysis and calculation taking account into the precision and other aspects, and points out the Maxwell model is enough to limn the characteristic of the fluid viscous damper under stress in most operating condition; in chapter 4, this chapter. further validates the rationality and advantage employing the fluid viscous damper in practical project and the reliability of the adopted model on the base of referring relevant experiments overseas and their data.

在文章的第三章，着重讨论了基于精确度等方面考虑而建立的被动阻尼器的各种受力分析计算模型，并指出Maxwell模型足以描述在大多数工况下粘滞阻尼器的受力特性；第四章则是在参考了国外的相关实验及其数据基础上进一步验证了工程上使用粘滞阻尼器的的合理性和优越性及分析计算模型的可靠性。

We use patent data from the worldwide semiconductor industry from 1984 to 1994 to study the effect of the structure of organizational knowledge bases, or the patterns of coupling between their elements of technical knowledge, on the usefulness of inventions and knowledge-base malleability.

我们利用全世界半导体行业从1984至1994年间面板数据来研究组织知识基础结构，或者它们各个技术知识因素之间的连结方式对对发明有效性与知识基础延展性的影响。

Like many Malthusian beliefs, peak oil theory has been promoted by a motivated group of scientists and laymen who base their conclusions on poor analyses of data and misinterpretations of technical material.

像许多马尔萨斯主义观点一样，产油高峰期理论是由一批受到利益驱动的科学家和门外汉鼓吹的，其结论建立对数据粗浅的分析和对技术资料的误判基础上。

The data of Chen Hansheng's investigation on rural area of Baoding in the 1930s and Hebei Provincial Bureau's statistics in the 1950s are the base for us to make an analysis on the individual peasant household income and the mercerization level of peasant household economy in central Hebei province in Republic of China period.

陈翰笙先生20世纪30年代保定农村调查统计贵料和50年代河北省统计局追踪调查统计资料，为我们反映和评析民国年间冀中个体农民家庭经济收入的主要来源、性质与状况，以及农民家庭经济与国内外市场的联系程度提供了主要依据。

The results of simulation provided the base of the experiment in the next step.The solvent, the VLE data and the simulation results in this paper supplied the foundation for the medium scale plane and industrilazation of mesitylene.

本文提出的溶剂、二元及三元汽液平衡数据及模拟结果为萃取精馏法生产均三甲苯的中试及工业化应用提供了理论依据。

Data provision and execution must be fast Adequate liquidity Asufficiently large capital base in order to make the small targets and time spent monetarily worthwhile.

刷单有时也称为'快速、死亡'，因为它需要很大的精神纪律，紧张的注意力和快速的反应，以便能够刷单成功。

Data provision and execution must be fast Adequate liquidity A sufficiently large capital base in order to make the small targets and time spent monetarily worthwhile.

刷单有时也称为'快速、死亡'，因为它需要很大的精神纪律，紧张的注意力和快速的反应，以便能够刷单成功。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。