查询词典 cuticle

Hydrophytes show certain adaptations to such habitats, notably development of aerenchyma, reduction of cuticle, root system, and mechanical and vascular tissues, and divided leaves.

水生植物表现出适应水生的特性：具有发达的通气组织；表皮、根系、机械组织、维管组织退化；叶片分裂；叶片、根和茎中均具有通气道或气腔。

F. bidentis leaf was of isobilateral type, and had thicker epidermis cell wall and cuticle, obvious cryptopores, and highly developed palisade tissue, with typical C4-plant Kranz anatomy. The collenchymas and vascular tissue in stem and the aerenchyma in root were well developed. Secretory structure was found in all vegetative organs. According to the analyses of soil physical and chemical properties and relevant ecological factors, F.

结果表明：黄顶菊叶片表皮具较厚的角质层、下陷气孔，叶片为等面叶、全栅型，叶肉细胞环绕维管束鞘细胞紧密排列，是典型C4植物的Kranz花环结构；茎中厚角组织和维管组织发达，根中还存在通气组织；根、茎、叶中均存在分泌结构。

During the process of long-time adaptive evolution, wetland plants adopted a series of special strategies to acclimate to salt stress. The main strategies are: 1 life history adjustment, e. g., to adjust seed germination time, implement seed dormancy and viviparity, and change reproductive manner to escape from direct salt stress, 2 morphological adjustment, e. g., to adjust biomass allocation pattern, age stem, defoliate, and carnify vegetative organs to isolate the redundant Na(superscript +) to the inactive-metabolism shoots or exclude the Na(superscript +)from tissues; 3 anatomic adjustment, e. g., to sink stoma, develop aerenchyma, and thicken cuticle and phellogen to maintain normal photosynthesis and respiration; 4 physiological and biochemical adjustment, e. g., to exclude and excrete salt, compartmentalize ions, adjust osmosis, do selective absorption, regulate hormones, and induce antioxidative enzymes to maintain the osmotic equilibrium and eliminate the active oxygen in cell; and 5 molecular level adjustment, e. g., to start up many salt-induced genes to regulate the metabolic responses to salt stress.

在长期的适应进化过程中，湿地植物形成了多种适应盐胁迫的策略，主要有：1生活史方面，植物可通过种子萌发时间的调整、种子体眠、胎生、繁殖方式的改变等逃避盐度的直接伤害；2形态学方面，植物可通过生物量分配模式的调整、茎的老化、落叶及营养器官的肉质化等将多余的Na隔离到代谢不活跃的茎中或将其排出体外；3解剖学方面，植物可通过气孔下陷、发达的通气组织、增加细胞木栓层、角质层及栅栏组织的厚度等以维持植物正常的光合作用和呼吸作用；4生理生化方面，植物可通过离子区隔化、拒盐、泌盐、选择性吸收、渗透调节、激素调节及抗氧化物酶的诱导等来维持细胞内正常的渗透压，清除胞内活性氧分子；5分子水平方面，植物可通过多种与盐胁迫相关的基因来调控细胞内的多种代谢反应。

Through shrinkage,the lipid containment and the cuticle's shape changes,the results showed that this kind of Azotobacter vinelandi enzyme can efficiently enhance the anti-shrinkage function of wool.

其外表面角质层的鳞片依次叠盖，造成纤维表面逆鳞片方向的摩擦因数大于顺鳞片方向的摩擦因数而产生定向摩擦效应[1]，使羊毛发生毡缩现象。

Sometimes nail barb phenomenon occurs, it is because there are cracks in the cuticle caused.

答：有时钉倒刺的现象发生，这是因为在角质层裂缝造成的。

Of cells that secretes the chitinous cuticle in e.g.

隐匿在壳质表皮下的细胞''。

Layer of cells that secretes the chitinous cuticle in e.g.

隐匿在壳质表皮下的细胞层。

An epidermal layer of cells that secretes an overlying chitinous cuticle,as in arthropod s.

分泌几丁质的细胞皮下细胞层，比层细胞隐匿一层全面覆盖的分泌几丁质的角质层，与类人猿中的情形一样

The spiracles are bigger and more near dorsal line than all the others. Their trachea branches are taper and abundant and form short tracheoles. This gave the tufted form to the trachea, which appeared shrubby. The trachea branches that arranged in other segments gave them a tree-like look. They do not directly supply oxygen for tissues, but they suspend in the hemolymph and attach to the muscle of the heart, so that they can move in constant with the contraction of the heart muscle.②The 8th segment tracheal tufts have thinner cuticle and basal lamina than that of the other trachea, and have much pad cuticle, which is appropriate for them to move, and their basal lamina have small pores, which are favour of the permeation of gas.③Injecting the methylene blue into the larvae to label hemolymph, we observed that the hemolymph flow into the heart through the 8th segment tracheal tufts.④Normally these tracheal tufts have all kinds of hemocytes, which are abundant in the tufts. A large number of hemocytes released from tissues attach to the tufts by changing their structure when anoxic stress happen.

气管分支细短而丰富，形成气管簇，呈灌木丛状（其它各节气管则呈粗树干状分布），它不是直接给组织供氧，而是悬浮在血液中，与心肌相连接，随着心肌的收缩而不断运动；②气管簇的内膜及底膜都比其它各节的薄，且管壁内膜具有更多的适合运动的垫状表皮，底膜还有小孔结构，这有利于气体的通透；③向体内注射蓝色的亚甲基蓝标记血液发现，血液流动方向是经该气管簇后而流回心脏；④正常情况下，气管簇处有各种各样的血细胞聚集，当缺氧胁迫时有大量的血细胞从组织中释放出来，通过变形而紧贴气管簇，有利于气体的交换；⑤给体内注射无色的亚甲基蓝发现气管簇比其它各节更易变蓝，说明该处具有更高的获氧能力。

The skin on the cuticle cell respiration is carried out in the gap, but also through the cuticle, pores and sebaceous glands absorb water and nutrients, in the hot weather, sweat and oil secretions greatly increased, together with the air of dust, pores are particularly vulnerable to the accumulation of dirt, if unable to do a good job of deep cleaning work, dead skin cells would be unable to come off naturally, resulting in the skin surface area of thick, so not only can not make your skin smooth breathing, even hinder the absorption of skin care ingredients, direct affect the quality of the skin, so deep cleansing and exfoliating the effort will have to work.

为什么深层的清洁护理？关于角质层皮肤细胞呼吸进行的差距，而且还通过角质层，毛孔和皮脂腺吸收水分和养分，在炎热的天气，汗水，油脂分泌大大增加，与空气中的灰尘一起，毛孔特别容易积聚污垢，如果无法做好深层清洁工作做好，死皮细胞将无法自然脱落，在厚厚的，所以不但不能使你的皮肤光滑皮肤的呼吸表面积结果，甚至阻碍护肤成份的吸收，直接影响皮肤的质量，使深层清洁与去角质的努力将不得不工作。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷