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Remove row and column' and 'put a big number' have been used for the first boundary;a continuous Regional Identification Function is used on the basis of non-variant nodal virtual flux method for the free surface boundary;Gauss formula is used to make the curved surface integral of the free surface boundary transformed as the difference between volumn integral and other curved surface integral to calculate the integral item on boundaries, which avoiding finding the position of free surface, while the continuous Regional Identification Function is applied to calculate volumn integral and surface integral;Crout and PCG method is used for solusion.

对于已知水头边界，采用"去行去列法"和"置大数法"进行处理；对于自由面穿过的单元，在固定网格节点虚流量法的基础上，引入连续的区域识别函数；对于非稳定渗流中自由面边界积分项，采用高斯公式将求自由面的面积分转化为求体积分与其他面积分之差，避免了求自由面的具体位置，同时在计算体积分和面积分时采用连续的区域识别函数；在解法上，采用直接解法和PCG法。

In the practical examples we optimized a simple double-curved arch dam with a single circle centerand equal thickness,and a complicated logarithmic spiral double-curved arch dam according to this designnotion,calculation results of the practical examples show that the design method is audio-visual and rational.

在实例中按照这种设计思路，对体形较简单的单圆心等厚度双曲拱坝和较复杂的对数螺旋线双曲拱坝分别进行了优化设计，计算结果表明该优化设计方法直观、合理。

We use curved texels to represent clusters of long hair, and the curved texels are in turn discretized into connected straight texels. Through making smooth effect of connected texels, a special rendering strategy is provided to generate realistic longhair images.

我们采用弯曲纹元构造长发束，然后将这些弯曲纹元离散成便于绘制的连接直纹元，并提出一个特殊的绘制算法使得连接的直纹元具有平滑的光照效果，绘制出具有较高真实感的长发图像。

The article that bases NURBS curved surface elements accomplish the programming of converse software by Visual C++,it is convenience to redintegrate curved surface after gathering point cloud.

基于NURBS曲面原理，采用Visual C++完成了逆向软件的编制，使得对采集的点云进行曲面重构较为方便。

During building 2D model, I use the concepts of point, segment, line and plane, the segment can be formed from points, then line can be formed from segments, the closed curved plane can be obtained by around lines, and finally the 2D model can be built by closed curved plane; I express the un-smooth stratum or fault by linear fitting and express the smooth stratum or default by cubic spline fitting segmentally, in this way I can describe the variation feature of 2D interface properly.

在二维建模中，引用点、段、线、面的概念，即由点形成段，由段形成线，由线围成封闭面，封闭面构建成二维模型；对表示二维地层和断层的界面线，用线性拟合表示非光滑性地层或断层面，用分段三次样条拟合表示光滑性地层或断层面，恰当地表达了二维界面的变化特点。

In this thesis, I summarize the theoretical calculation method, applied scope and notice of siphonic drainage system, and point out the advantage of siphonic drainage system compared with gravitation drainage system. In the archetype experiment study of siphonic drainage tube, I adopt different tube diameter and different structural height to survey the drainage volume and press in different place. I observe various kinds of flow state, and get chief factors which influence hydraulic peculiarity of system as the tube diameter or structural height, and find out the relevance of factor to flux. I apply CFD Fluent software and adopt standard k-ε model and RNG k-ε model, then use finite volume method and second-order upwind scheme to discrete numerical model, while coupling numeration of velocity field and press is based on SIMPLE. In the numerical simulation of curved part of tube, siphonic drainage tube experiment system and multi-outlet siphonic drainage system, I make research on internal velocity and press of system in different project condition by changing the tube diameter of curved part, negative press value in tube export and improving the quantity of water gutter. This thesis first adopts a method of combining archetype experiment and numerical simulation to study the siphonic drainage system, test and verify the validity of experiment and numerical simulation, and makefurther study on system, it solves the problems of limited testing conditions, and has a logical results, it can provide a valid method for optimizing and designing the drainage tube-net system. The conclusion have referring value for study and design of siphonic drainage system.

本文首先对虹吸式排水系统理论计算方法、适用范围以及注意事项做出总结，并分析了虹吸式排水系统的优势；再对虹吸式排水管道进行原型试验研究，采用不同管径不同立管高度，对系统流量、管道压强进行量测，观察了各种工况下的流态，对其水力特性进行研究分析，找出影响水力特性的落差、管径主要因素以及与排水量的关系；进一步应用计算流体力学Fluent软件，采用标准κ-ε模型与RNGκ-ε模型，计算过程应用有限体积法和二阶迎风格式对数值模型进行离散，速度和压力的耦合采用SIMPLE算法，分别对系统弯管段、虹吸排水管道试验系统、多斗虹吸式排水系统进行数值模拟分析，通过改变管段弯头处半径、管段出口负压值、增加雨水斗数对不同工况下系统内部的速度和压力进行研究；本文首次采用结合原型试验与数值模拟相结合的方法，对虹吸式屋面雨水排水系统进行研究，试验与模拟相互验证，并进行拓展，很好地解决了虹吸式屋面雨水排水系统由于试验条件限制问题，结果正确合理，为排水管网系统设计和优化研究提供了有效的方法，对工程设计有较好的参考价值。

"We can perhaps forgive those who said the moons of Jupiter were produced by Galileo's spy-glass if we recall that in his day, as for centuries before, curved glass was the popular contrivance for producing not truth but illusion, untruth; and if a single curved glass would distort nature, how much more would a pair of them?"

如果我们回忆一下，Galileo时代如同它的几个世纪以前一样，曲面镜不是用来产生真像而是产生幻影或假象的常用器械，那么，对于那些把木星的卫星说成是用Galileo小望远镜产生出来的人们，我们或许会予以原谅的，如果一面曲面镜会歪曲大自然，那么一对曲面镜将会造成多大的歪曲呢？

We can perhaps forgive those who said the moons of Jupiter were produced by Galileo's spy-glass if we recall that in his day, as for centuries before, curved glass was the popular contrivance for producing not truth but illusion, untruth; and if a single curved glass would distort nature, how much more would a pair of them?

如果我们回忆一下，Galileo时代如同它的几个世纪以前一样，曲面镜不是用来产生真像而是产生幻影或假像的常用器械，那么，对于那些把木星的卫星说成用Galileo小望远镜产生出来的人们，我们或许会予以原谅的；如果一面曲面镜会歪曲大自然，那么一对曲面镜将会造成多大的歪曲呢？

Were produced by Galileo's spy-glass if we recall that in his day, as for centuriesbefore, curved glass was the popular contrivance for producing not truth butillusion, untruth; and if a single curved glass would distort nature, how muchmore would a pair of them?

我们可能会原谅那些说木卫是伽利略的小望远镜产生的人，如果我们回想它那个年代，几世纪前，曲面镜是用来产生幻影虚像而不是真象的流行发明，而且如果一个曲面镜就可歪曲自然，那么两片的歪曲又该大多少呢？

In the thesis we put forward description tools for hairs in terms of curved texel and curved volumetric texture. Also we give mathematical expressions for them and their applications for different hair styles.

我们针对头发提出了两种描述工具：弯曲纹元和弯曲体纹理，并给出了它们的数学表达式以及对不同发型的描述方法。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。