查询词典 curve graph

The dissertation details the functions and characteristic of curves graph element, polygon graph element, character graph element, dimension graph element, parameter graph element, self-define graph element, and research comprehensively the methods describe and graph element attrib. After discussing the basic graph element collection, this thesis gives the description method, organization way, graph element visitation, save and load efficiency, suitability and so on of every element in the basic graph element collection in greater detail. The author provides a graph element data structure organized version which is length changeable and is a block storage record, and designs a new module of data, which can process both the geometry attrib and no geometry attrib of drawing element. Based on this, the data model of all kind of element is put forward.

对采矿CAD系统中基本图元集的构造原则和组织方法进行了研究，提出了一个7元素采矿CAD基本图元集构造方案；论文详细讨论了曲线图元、字符图元、尺寸标注图元、多边形图元、参数图元、自定义图元在采矿CAD系统中的作用和特点，并对各种图元的表述方法和图元属性及相应的库组织方式、存取效率进行了深入的研究，提出了一个&可变长记录块&图元库结构组织方案；通过对采矿CAD系统中基本图元数据模型的构造方法、存取结构和访问方式的研究，给出了一个用C++语言描述的采矿CAD系统基本图元数据模型及其数据存取结构。

In this paper, firstly, not only the incidence matrix ,adjacent matrix, cycle matrix, cut-set matrix of an undirected graph are summarized, but also the close contact between a graph and its corresponding matrix are discussed ; secondly, many problems of a graph which are solved by analysing its matrix are listed as follows:1、The co-tree set of a graph is obtained by using its cycle-matrix ; 2、The branches of its spanning tree are given by using its cut-set matrix ; 3、By making use of the incidence matrix of a graph ,not only its vertex cut 、cut vertex 、isolated point and spanning tree can be obtained ,but also the two sides which are whether parallel or not can be judged ;4、By using their adjacent matrix ,the two graphes which are whether isomorphous or not can be judged; once more, there is a detailed introduction in view of special graph (for example: bigaritite graph ,regular graph and so on);last but not least, a graph method of calculating the N power of a matrix is given and the practical applications of the theorem for degree is indicated.

本文首先综述了无向图的关联矩阵，邻接矩阵，圈矩阵，割集矩阵以及图和它对应矩阵之间的关系；其次总结出了利用上述各类矩阵可以解决的图的若干问题：1、利用图的圈矩阵可以求其连枝集；2、利用图的割集矩阵可以求其生成树的树枝；3、利用图的关联矩阵不仅可以求其割点、点割集、连通度、孤立点和生成树，而且可以判断两条边是否平行；4、利用图的邻接矩阵可以判断两个图是否同构；再次，针对特殊图（例如：二分图、正则图等等）的邻接矩阵作了详细介绍；最后，得到了利用图计算矩阵的N次幂的方法，指出度数定理的实际应用。

In this paper, a region approximation idea that means using a "fat curve" with a width to approximate the offset curve is proposed, and a complete set of algorithms to approximate offset curve using disk Bézier curve are given and implemented. In the algorithms, the optimal and uniform approximate curve of the offset curve as the central curve of the Disk Bézier curve is found by using Remez method, and then the upper optimal and uniform approximation principle is proposed to compute the error radius function of the Disk Bézier curve. Thus, the whole Disk Bézier curve can be obtained. In the end of this paper, the approximate effect of the Disk Bézier curve is not only analyzed and assessed, but also some specific examples are provided.

提出用一条带宽度的"胖曲线"来逼近上述等距曲线的区域逼近思想，并建立与实现了圆域Bézier曲线等距逼近的整套算法，包括应用Remez方法求出等距曲线的最佳一致逼近曲线作为圆域Bézier曲线的中心曲线，提出上控最佳一致逼近的原理求出圆域Bézier曲线的误差半径函数，以及确定整条圆域Bézier曲线，最后还对该圆域Bézier逼近的效果做了分析和考核，并给出了一些具体实例。

This paper establishes cubic spline function, analyzes subsection curve function and curve slope and curvature, at last decides to place the curve especial points which can be obtain easement curve length and other line parameters, such as the ZH point (end of line and beginning of transition curve), the HY point (end of transition curve and beginning of circular curve), the QZ point, the YH point (end of circular curve and beginning of transition curve), the HZ point (end of transition curve and beginning of line).

针对公路平面线形的8种组合类型，其线形元素特征则由最基本的直线、圆曲线、缓和曲线组成的特点，解析三次样条函数模型，得分段曲线函数、曲线斜率、曲率，从而确定曲线特征点（直缓ZH点、缓圆HY点、曲中QZ点、圆缓YH点、缓直HZ点）位置，进而得到曲线缓和曲线长度及其他线形参数。

In the special case when G = AutX, we call a G—vertex-transtive graph, G—edge-transtive graph, G—semisymmetric graph X is vertex-transtive edge-transtive semisymmetric graph respectively In this paper we investigate the autmorphism graph AutX of the cubic semisymmetric graph of order 12p ,when p is primes.

特别地，若G=AutX这时的G-点传递图、G-边传递图、G-半对称图称为点传递图边传递图半对称图。

Applying the De Caen"s inequality of sum of the squares of the degree and Cauchy"s inequality, we obtain a strict lower bound and a strict upper bound of the largest Laplace eigenvalues only in terms of vertex number of a unicycle graph. Applying the Laplace matrix theorem of trees, we obtain an upper bound of the second smallest Laplace eigenvalues of a unicycle. Extremal graph whose second smallest Laplace eigenvalues reach the obtained upper bound is determined. We also obtain an upper bound of the second largest Laplace eigenvalues in terms of vertex number of the largest connected branch of unicycle graph, and obtain a theoretical method to calculate the second largest Laplace eigenvalues of unicycle graph. We obtain an upper bound of any Laplace eigenvalues in terms of vertex number of a unicycle graph. We also obtain the distribution of Laplace eigenvalues in the inter [0,n] in terms of the matching number.

本文得到了以下几个方面的结果： 1、利用图度平方和的De Caen不等式和Cauchy不等式给出单圈图的最大Laplace特征值仅依赖于顶点数的严格的上下界；利用树的Laplace理论给出了单圈图次小Laplace特征值的一个上界，并刻画了达到该上界的极图；利用子图的连通分支的顶点个数给出了单圈图次大Laplace特征值的一个上界，并给出了单圈图次大Laplace特征值一个理论上的一个求法；利用单圈图的阶数给出了其一般Laplace特征值的一个上界；利用单圈图的匹配数给出其Laplace矩阵谱在区间[0，n]上的分布情况。

Graph theory s 02 graph theory widely used for its own development. 40-60 20th century era matroid theory and graph theory-very graph theory, algebra and graph theory. topology theory has great development.

详细说明：图论讲义02 图论的广泛应用，促进了它自身的发展。20世纪40-60年代，拟阵理论、超图理论、极图理论，以及代数图论、拓扑图论等都有很大的发展。

Moreover, the range of m is obtained when G is a forest, a unicyclic graph, a bicyclic graph, a tricyclic graph and a tetracyclic graph, respectively, and the graph is determined when m(≥1) takes different value in its range.

给出了当G是森林、单圈图、双圈图、三圈图、四圈图时m的取值范围，并确定了m(≥1)在该取值范围内取不同值时的所有图。

Finally it analyzes the feasibility that using hydromechanics to analyze traffic flow by contrasting various characters between traffic flow and fluid flow. It analyzes influence of road alignment to basic expressway segment capacity by hydromechanics, and obtains viscous resistance and viscous movement differential equation when the vehicle drives on circular curve segment of expressway. And it infers that viscous resistance is correlated with sideway force coefficient, slope of crown and radius of circular curve. Radius of circular curve, sideway force coefficient and slope of crown are bigger, viscous resistance is smaller, the influence to capacity is smaller when the vehicle is running on nearside lane of circular curve; but radius of circular curve and sideway force coefficient are bigger, slope of crown is smaller, viscous resistance is smaller, the influence to capacity is smaller when the vehicle is running on fast lane of circular curve.

最后通过对比交通流与流体流的相似性，运用流体力学分析了道路线形对快速路基本路段通行能力的影响，求出了车辆在曲线路段的粘性阻力，建立了车辆在曲线路段的粘性运动微分方程，并由此推知，粘性阻力与横向力系数、路拱横坡度和圆曲线半径都有关系，当车辆在圆曲线外侧车道上行驶时，圆曲线半径、横向力系数和路拱横坡度越大，粘性阻力就越小，对道路的通行能力影响就越小；而当车辆在圆曲线内侧车道上行驶时，圆曲线半径和横向力系数越大，路拱横坡度越小，粘性阻力就越小，对道路的通行能力影响就越小。

Result: Scoliosis was identified in 58 cases with Marfan syndrome (38 males and 20 females), the prevalence rate was 42.03%, male-female sex ratio was 1.18:1, 6 cases were in younger than 10-year-old group. 12 cases were in 11~20-year-old group, 19 cases were in 21~30-year-old group, 11 cases were in 31~40-year-old group, 7 cases were in 41~50-year-old group, 3 cases were in 51~60-year-old group. Mean magnitude of Cobb angle in coronal plane was 26.8°±27.8°, the types of scoliosis curve included thoracic curve (36 cases), thoracolumbar curve (11 cases), lumbar curve (2 cases), double curve (6 cases) and triple curve (3 cases), apex vertebraes were convex to the right side among single curves in 38 cases while 11 cases were convex to the left side. Mean magnitude of kyphosis in sagittal plane was 14.3°±13.2°, 5 patients had thoracic lordosis and 40 patients had hypokyphosis and 12 patients had normal kyphosis.

结果：58例(42.03%)患者合并脊柱侧凸，男38例，女20例，男女患病率比例为1.18：1，其中≤10岁6例，11~20岁12例，21~30岁19例，31~40岁11例，41~50岁7例，51~60岁3例；平均冠状面Cobb角为26.8°±27.8°；胸弯36例，胸腰弯11例，腰弯2例，双弯6例，三弯3例；单弯中顶椎凸向右侧38例，凸向左侧11例；矢状面胸椎后凸平均为14.3°±13.2°，其中胸椎前凸5例，胸椎后凸不足40例，胸椎正常后凸12例，仅1例胸椎后凸45°；11例患者冠状面Cobb角＞40°，平均年龄15.9岁。

Salt is good, but if the salt becomes flat and tasteless, with what do you season it?

14：33 盐本是好的，盐若失了味，可用什么叫它再咸呢？

He reiterated that the PLA is an army of the people under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.

他重申，人民解放军是在中国共产党领导下的人民军队。