查询词典 currency principle

They believe that the currency is the currency of gold and silver.On the basis of the data concerned,this essay poses new standpoints:we may divide the process of currency s emergence into five.We mayn t equate currency with currency gold and silver,the currency comes earlier than the currency of gold and ...

本文提出了新观点：认为根据有关的资料，也可以把货币的产生过程划分为五个阶段，不把货币与金银货币划等号，认为货币的产生应早于金银货币，并阐明了提出以上新观点的依据。

RMB regionalization is the process of RMB taking as international currency in East Asia. This process is the result of market choice, of which been taken RMB as transactions currency , quotation currency and asset currency in private department, then it also taken as intervention currency, unit-of-account currency and reserve currency in office department.

人民币区域化是人民币跨越国界实现货币职能的发展过程，是以市场为基础的货币选择结果，即人民币成为东亚区域贸易的支付媒介、计价单位和结算货币，进而逐步实现人民币作为区域内的国际债权、债务的记账单位和储备货币，并最终成为外汇市场上干预汇率的干预货币。

In this paper, the principle of caution to start the basic theory, expounded the principle of care and the role of meaning, emphasizing the principle of caution for owners, managers, creditors, as well as the importance of accounting personnel; introduced the principle of prudent accounting practice in China and the need for careful application of the principle of the basic requirements; detailed exposition of the principle of prudent asset impairment provision, recognition and measurement of intangible assets, fixed assets depreciation method choice, the recognition and measurement of income, inventory valuation methods choice, or there are matters of identification and disclosure of the application and embodiment of the main; focused on the principle of prudent asset impairment in the recognition, the recognition and measurement of intangible assets, fixed assets depreciation method choice, revenue recognition and measurement, inventory valuation methods, or there are matters of recognition and disclosure issues that exist in reality; and on the careful application of the principle of how to correctly Suggestions: correct handling of the principle of caution to the principles and other relations, reduce the tax policy and differences in accounting policies, appropriate use of the principle of prudence, strengthen auditing and supervision, and strengthen the internal mechanism to improve the accounting standards in the application of the principle of prudent operational, financial reporting to strengthen the disclosure of information, enhance professional accountants capable of making judgments.

本文从谨慎性原则的基本理论入手，阐述了谨慎性原则的含义及作用，强调谨慎性原则对于所有者、管理者、债权人以及会计人员的重要性；介绍了谨慎性原则在我国会计实务中应用的必要性及谨慎性原则的基本要求；详细论述了谨慎性原则在计提资产减值准备、无形资产的确认与计量、固定资产折旧方法的选择、收入的确认与计量、存货计价方法的选择、或有事项的确认与披露方面的主要应用和体现；着重研究了谨慎性原则在资产减值准备的确认、无形资产的确认与计量、固定资产折旧方法的选择、收入的确认与计量、存货计价方法选择、或有事项的确认与披露中存在的现实问题；并提出了关于谨慎性原则如何正确运用的几点建议：正确处理谨慎性原则与其他各项原则的关系、缩小税收政策与会计政策的差异、适度运用谨慎性原则、加强审计监督，强化内在约束机制、提高会计准则中谨慎性原则应用的可操作性、加强财务报告信息披露、提高企业会计人员的职业判断能力。

There are many serious misleading in how to apply the principle of "fraud exception", whereas, it is necessary to make a legal research on the principle of "fraud exception" in light of former researches. The article consists of two parts. In the first part, the author put emphasis on the principle of abstract independence, the definition, the establishment and development of the principle of fraud exception, the analysis of the fraud, the theory, the prerequisite and the procedure of apply the principle of "fraud exception" in order to establish the general principle and necessary procedure. In the second part, the author analysis the existing backward conditions oflegislation and judicial practice in China, and courts" attitude to the judicial remedy for the principle of " fraud exception", further, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to make the legislation on the principle of "fraud exception" perfect, and how to apply the procedure of judicial remedy for the principle of "fraud exception". Lastly, the author hopes that these suggestions could benefit to the judicial practice and the future legislation on the principle of "fraud exception.

我国在加入世界贸易组织后，按照国际惯例和国际公约处理国际贸易中的纠纷己成为一种必然趋势，鉴于我国法院对如何准确适用信用证欺诈例外原则存在着严重误区，使得在先前学者研究的基础上再一次研究欺诈例外原则很有必要，本文分两个部分，第一部分对信用证独立抽象原则、信用证欺诈例外原则的定义、确立与发展、对例外原则下欺诈的分析、理论基础、适用条件以及程序等六方面展开论述，从而确立信用证欺诈例外原则的一般原则和必要的程序：第二部分主要分析我国司法实践中信用证欺诈例外原则司法救济的立法以及司法现状，及法院对欺诈例外原则的态度，从而对如何完善我国法院欺诈例外原则的法律依据以及如何正确适用欺诈例外原则的司法救济程序提出一些构思，希望为欺诈例外原则在我国的司法实践以及为以后的相应立法提供有益的参考。

Don't knowing is the contriver which throws a currency machine to proceed from neglecting towards holding false currency to allow or, I feel it should dig the slot of false currency to descend to go to then extend again another on packing the place of coin, is also say the false currency puts a place, true the currency put a place.

不知是投币器的发明者是出于对持假币的任慈还是疏忽，我觉得它应该把出假币的槽挖下去然后再延伸到另一装硬币的地方，也就是说假币放一个地方，真币放一个地方。

This paper includes several parts: first, some important concepts of the thesis have been defined, a theoretical overview of currency crisis has been finished; then, we have described the history of the international monetary system; later, three chapes have been arranged to discuss the mechanism of currency crisis under fixed and floating and intermediate exchange rate system respectively. The part of the fixed exchange rate system mainly includes the analysis of the collapse of the international gold standard system, the Bretton Woods system and the the European Monetary System; in the part of the floating exchange rate system, the volatility problem under freely floating exchange rate system has been studied; the part of the intermediate exchange rate system mainly includes the analysis of currency crises in regional dollar standard system and the currency board system. And finally, we have analysed the inevitability of the appearance of new type regional monetary cooperation patterns, and how these cooperations avoid currency crises.

本文主要包括这样几部分：首先，对论文中涉及到的重要概念给予界定，并对货币危机理论进行系统梳理；接着，按时间顺序从总体上回忆国际货币制度的历史演进；然后，用三个章节分别研究了固定汇率制度、浮动汇率制度以及中间汇率制度下货币危机的形成机理，其中，固定汇率制度下的货币危机主要包括国际金本位制度和布雷顿森林体系的崩溃，以及欧洲货币体系的瓦解；浮动汇率制度下的货币危机，则重点分析了自由浮动汇率制度下汇率的过度波动问题；中间汇率制度下的货币危机，分别分析了区域美元本位及货币局制度下货币危机的发生机理；最后，分析了目前新型区域货币合作模式出现的必然性，及各模式下如何规避货币危机。

And think it the basic idea of "the supremacy of law" and "people foremost" that criminal investigation system reform in China. It also involves the principles of investigation system reformation in china: the principle of phase-in, the principle of system, the principle of localization, the principle of planning as whole principle, the principle of following criminal investigation rule and its characteristic principle, the principle of being proceeded to enhance the overall potency of police related to criminality.

认为"法律至上"和"以人为本"是我国刑侦体制改革的基本理念：其次，论述了我国刑侦体制改革的基本原则，包括渐进性原则、系统性原则、本土化原则、统筹协调原则、遵循刑事侦查工作的规律和特点原则、有利于提高刑警队伍的整体素质和整体效能原则。

The second, make sure the right of privacy and power, other rights to apply the principle: Namely be principle, power towards power proceed strict system roughly, had match comparison principle (aptness principle, necessity principle with comparison principle) that when the right of privacy and power take place to conflict, can have the initiative to apply with the rights basis, and cannot breach the relevant entity method with the provision of the procedure method; When the right of privacy conflict with the other rights occurrence, on the equal foundation of rights, make use of the basic value for method for background for row preface for rights for rank principle with benefits measuring and rights moderating the principle make suring have the initiativing the suitable for use, namely advancedly act liking the right of quality with rights row preface, the former is a kind of law ruling, having the stable legal effect, the latter then having the palliation with individual, by the of the right of conflict representing of preface and worth an of scene row the freedom, justice, order with general value equal, the efficiency, benefits is one by one in order preface suit

第二，确定权力与其他权利是否侵犯隐私权的标准：即以权利本位的理念，对权力进行严格制约，只有符合比例原则(适当性原则、必要性原则和比例性原则)的权力才不构成侵权，并不得违反有关实体法和程序法的规定；在权利平等的基础上，利用情景排序及价值位阶原则和利益衡量及权利协调原则确定其他权利是否构成侵权，即先进行同质权利的排序和权利的背景排序，前者是一种法律规定，具有稳定的法律效力，后者则具有暂时性和个体性，按权利所代表的法的基本价值和一般价值依次序适用。一般价值的适用次序，则根据具体情况，按利益衡量、权利协调的原则确定，使个案的解决能够适当兼顾双方的利益。第三，确定隐私权的内容，采用列举式和概括式的方法对侵犯隐私权的行为予以具体化，并规定排除侵权的例外，包括正当业务行为，权利人的承诺及推定承诺行为，契约行为，自弃行为及自救行为。第四，对科学技术发展和国际政治经济变化引发的隐私权保护问题予以充分重视，以制度化、法律化解决问题。

Convertible debenture loan investment 可转换债券贷款投资 convertible release (of 18% currency) Release by Bank member of its 18% currency for lending or relending, with permission granted to the Bank to exchange the 18% currency for the currency of any other member.

对18%的当地货币解除可转换限制世界银行会员国解除其作为贷款或再贷款之用的18%的当地货币的限制，允许世界银行把18%的本国货币转换成其他任何会员国的货币。

However, during the same period in the sphere of commodity and currency exchange and circulation, the exchange rate between copper-bronze currency and printed currency was lower than one hang, and so the inflated cost of copper-bronze currency was at odds with its value.

而同一时期商品货币流通领域铜钱对纹银的兑换却低于一两，钱价高昂，钱价与钱值相悖。

Article 144 The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall maintain the policy previously practised in Hong Kong in respect of subventions for non-governmental organizations in fields such as education, medicine and health, culture, art, recreation, sports, social welfare and social

第一百四十四条香港特别行政区政府保持原在香港实行的对教育、医疗卫生、文化、艺术、康乐、体育、社会福利、社会工作等方面的民间团体机构的资助政策。原在香港各资助机构任职的人员均可根据原有制度继续受聘。

Small wonder, then, that the Chinese spend more in the shop than any other group of foreign visitors do .

这样的小惊喜，使中国顾客比任何国家的人消费得更多。