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The paper makes use of the theory of Grey system forecast to resolve the ammunition and rocket system development cost evaluation, establishing the GM model of Grey systems and cumulative residual error model, then correcting the GM forecast model.

该文应用灰色系统预测理论解决弹箭系统研制费用估计问题，建立了灰色系统GM预测模型和n次累加残差模型并对GM预测模型进行修正。

Experimental results show that the algorithm can segmentalize ROI effectively, CR is higher than 30, PSNR of the whole image is higher than 42 dB, and the object keeps original fidelity. Inter-frame CR is about 7, background has cumulative error and PSNR is higher than 40 dB.

实验结果表明，该算法在帧内能有效地划分感兴趣区域，压缩率在30以上，峰值信噪比在42dB以上，目标无失真；帧间压缩的压缩率在7左右，背景区域有误差累积，但整体图像的峰值信噪比都在40dB以上，目标无失真。

Model 2:Model 1 can predicts various indicators of the regional population, but the parameters trends to uncertainty during the long-term, and the cumulative effect of error is significant.

模型一能得到关于各区域人口的各项指标，但在对人口长期趋势进行预测时，模型一中各参数存在较大的不确定性、且误差的累积效应明显，在进行长期预测时达到人口高峰后一直下降，不再有波动，这与实际历史上的三次高峰不符合，故在模型二中挖掘数据内在的相关信息，利用2001-2005年中国国家统计年鉴数据及模型一中短期预测的人口总数建立灰GM(1，1)模型对我国人口总数进行长期预测。

The improved voltage model of rotor flux is proposed in the paper. It eliminates the influence to actual system function in the voltage model of rotor flux for the proper drift problem and cumulative error of pure integral calculus tache.

提出了改进的电压型转子磁链估算模型，消除了电压型转子磁链估算模型中纯积分环节所固有的漂移问题和积累误差对实际系统性能的影响。

It can be found that the IPCA, as a non-iterative method, can obtain one principal component by only one calculating process. Therefore the IPCA is not only fast in calculation, but can avoid the cumulative error suffered by iterative methods.

使用模拟和实验HPLC-DAD数据对IPCA进行了验证，结果表明IPCA是一种非迭代方法，只需要完成一次计算过程即可得到一个主成分，因此IPCA不仅能够显著提高运算速度，而且可以避免迭代法中的误差积累问题。

This paper makes further research on the error,caused by use of a single step or a variable step of Runge Kutta to solve the Euler equation of quaternion method, find that the large error results from cumulated error with single step, and when using the variable step,the cumulative error is less.

结果表明，定步长时有很大的累积误差，单位四元数的"单位"性不能得到满足，而变步长有明显的改观，对一般的飞行模拟状态，都能得到较好的模拟结果，可以在实际中使用。

The results show: Firstly, at degree 120, cumulative geoid height error is at the level of 17.616 cm with the adjusted accuracy of center of mass designed as 0 m, and errors come to 18.106 cm, 19.033 cm and 27.329 cm with the adjusted accuracy designed as 5×10-5 m, 1×10-4 m and 5×10-4 m, respectively.

结果表明：第一，在120阶处，当质心调整精度设计为0 m，恢复累计大地水准面精度为17.616 cm；当质心调整精度分别设计为5×10-5 m、1×10-4 m和5×10-4 m时，恢复精度各自降低至18.106 cm、19.033 cm和27.329 cm。

At last, the factors affecting pitch measurement accuracy of Marh891E Gear measurement center was analyzed; the hardware and the software of the ultra-precision gear total cumulative pitch error measurement device were improved, which perfected measurement system and increased the measurement efficiency and accuracy.

本文最后分析了Marh891E齿轮测量中心上、下顶尖不同轴对被测件齿距精度的影响，并通过具体分析对其进行调整；对超精密齿轮齿距累积总偏差测量装置的硬件控制部分及软件部分做了改进，完善测量系统，提高检测效率和精度。

According to the integrated fertility index of all the evaluate units, cultivated land in Mingguang was classified into five grades using the cumulative frequency curve method.

根据明光市评价单元的耕地地力综合指数，利用累积曲线法将耕地地力合理地划分为五个等级，并运用Mapgis6.7绘制耕地地力等级图及统计各等级耕地的面积。

The cumulative earthquake frequency curve of the Jiashi swarm shows that the high tectonic stress was maintained in the swarm area during active period between Jan.

6巨大的地形应力影响，使伽师震源区构造应力场与毗邻构造单元的构造应力场存在较大差异。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。