查询词典 cultural

Intangible cultural heritage including 5 domains: oral traditions and expression, including language as a vehicle of the intangible cultural heritage; performing arts; social practices, rituals and festive events; knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe; traditional craftsmanship. The State Council announced the "list of the first group of national standard intangible cultural heritages" in May 2006. According to this list and the scope of intangible cultural heritage are divided into 10 specialized catalogues: folk literature; folk music; folk dance; traditional drama; ballad singing; acrobatism and athletics; folk art; traditional craftsmanship; traditional medicine; folk custom.

包括5个方面：口头传说和表述，包括作为非物质文化遗产媒介的语言；表演艺术；社会风俗、礼仪、节庆；有关自然界和宇宙的知识和实践；传统的手工艺技能。2006年5月国务院公布"第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录"，把非物质文化遗产的范畴具体分为10类：①民间文学；②民间音乐；③民间舞蹈；④传统戏剧；⑤曲艺；⑥杂技与竞技；⑦民间美术；⑧传统手工技艺；⑨传统医药；⑩民俗。

Its on the oriental stage that a series of oncoming and dormant Oedipus tragedies-incest tragedies, with which the westerners are so familiar regardless of performance on the somewhere strange stage, are highlights, so that the western spectators not only can enjoy the different exotic cultural charms, but from the commanding perspective fell the superiority of their own culture in this fabricated cultural context featured with backward, isolation and far from the reality. In addition, Zhang prefers to the method of time lagging in the film text formation, so that the textual times usually drag back to the past on purpose such as 1930s, 1940s, per-anti-Japanese war period as well as 1960s and 1970s; apart from this, the far-off areas far from the cultural center are chosen as the film space, all which get together to set up a static, stagnate and hiding Chinese traditional cultural context symbolized by backward, barbarousness and ignorantness to satisfy the male desire.

为了营造这个虚拟舞台，张艺谋影片中的采用了时间的滞后性策略，影片中的故事本文时间均选择了过去：十九世纪三十、四十年代，抗战前期，六七十年代；影片中的本文空间均选择了远离文化中心的边缘地带，通过时间的滞后策略和空间的边缘策略来满足一个停滞的、凝固的、静止的落后而由愚昧野蛮的中国传统文化语境；将处于社会边缘的女性放置在其中，利用观众位置的双重性认同结构，巧妙利用女性这一表层可见视觉中心和读解影片时意义渐隐的策略来遮掩和移位其真正的作者意识形态：即重复再一次对女性的观看，满足东西方男性的窥视欲望。

The living space in the daily lives of the people most closely connected with the type of space in this particular place in which to study and reflect the cultural connotations of the concept is to have, from the construction of cultural, decorative cultural, aesthetic, psychological, and other aspects of home environment to explore Chinese culture and history of the concept of evolution, and the delicate process of the evolution of China"s domestic design cultural trails found in the current theoretical research and design practice among the media play a good role, explored in the design of social development and people"s needs.

本文针对居住空间这一与人们日常生活关系最为密切的空间类型，在这一特定场所里研究其中体现出的文化内涵和人们对其产生的观念，从建筑文化、装饰文化、美学、心理学等方面探讨中国历代家居环境中文化与观念的演变，并在微妙的演变过程中找到中国家居设计文化之路径，在现在的理论研究与设计实践之间起到良好的媒介作用，探索出符合当今社会发展和人们需求的设计方法。

As for the surface cultural discontinuity, the teachers should actively help the students to adjust to the new environment. Encountered with deep cultural discontinuity, the teachers should work as the cultural "intermediator", trying to avoid cultural conflicts in advance, and meanwhile leading the students to the experiences of different cultures, so as to foster the students ability of cross-cultural understanding and intuition.

针对浅层文化中断，我们主张教师要主动帮助学生积极、有效地适应新环境和场景：针对深层文化中断，教师应以"文化调解人"的形象出现，避免强加于人，有预见性地减少文化冲突的发生，同时，合理引导学生体验跨文化的相互理解，培养学生跨文化的理解与直觉的能力。

Cultural factors are unavoidable. Cultural universals aredominant, and cultural differences can be bridged in translation. Moreover, with the development of cultural interpenetration, the influence of cultural differences will become smaller. The translating activity will become easier than before.

文化差异对翻译的影响是客观的、必然的，但通过方法的改进可以在相当程度上予以克服的，它对翻译的影响是局部的、相对的；且随社会的发展，文化融合的加快，它的影响越来越小。

This thesis probes into the writing subject's cultural mental world to discover the track of its pursuing cultural ideal from the course of Shen Congwen's novel writing and his life, to dig and analyze the special culture reserved in his novel text, further to find the source of his cultural consciousness which he accepted and chose, and to reflect the plentitude and complicacy in the writing subject's cultural spiritual world , then to analyze its culture ideal and spirit implicated in the construction of the artistic world of Shen Congwen's novels ,finally to summary the meaning, value and confine of cultural writing of his novels.

本文从沈从文小说创作历程及其生命历程中探寻创作主体的文化心理和文化理想追求的轨迹；从小说文本中发掘、分析其独特的文化蕴涵；并进而对沈从文文化意识的接受和选择进行探源，从中揭示创作主体的文化精神世界的丰富性和复杂性；然后从沈从文小说艺术世界建构中分析其文化理想精神蕴涵；最后总结沈从文小说创作文化书写的意义、价值及局限。

This paper discusses the cultural environment of historic city from the ecological point of view,establishing the concepts of cultural gene,cultural species,and cultural ecology,confirming the valuable cultural species which should be paid attention to,especially the rareness and the declining species.

提要 本文从生态学角度研究历史文化名城的文化环境。建立了城市文化生态系统的文化基因、文化物种、文化生态学的概念，确定了历史文化名城中有价值的文化物种，分析了物种在系统中的数量和变化状况。

The local river valley cultural tourism researches contain the shortage of three aspects: Did not put forward the concept of the river valley cultural tourism exclusively; Did not thoroughly and delicately discuss the river valley cultural tourism development combining with the river valley characteristics, the cultural characteristics; describing is a lot but quantitative analysis is little, the cultural tourism studies disjoints with river valley, the conclusion of river valley culture tourism development is little.

国内流域文化旅游研究有三方面的不足：未专门提出流域文化旅游的概念；未结合流域特点、文化特点深入细致地论述流域文化旅游开发；描述性多定量研究少，文化旅游研究与流域脱节，流域文化旅游发展的概括性结论少。

We must emphasize the lagging of culture and the epoch where cultural pattern is within the transition period of cultural patterns. Innovation is the important security of socio-political and economic steady development in cultural transition period. Promoting cultural innovations, shaping modern cultural quality and combining with international modernization are real needs of China becoming powerful nation in the modern world.

此外，还要推进文化革新，塑造文化的现代性品质，与现代接轨，与国际接轨，这不仅是社会发展的必然，也是我国跻身于世界现代化强国之林的现实需要。

The deep-rooted idea obstacle mainly embodies in cultural centralism, cultural hegemonism and so-caused cultural attachment psychology,sense of cultural inferiority and narrow cultural nationalism.

跨文化沟通中深层的观念障碍主要表现在文化中心主义，文化霸权主义，以及由之产生的文化依附心理、文化自卑感和狭隘的文化民族主义。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。