查询词典 cultural lag

The instructive conclusion was: 1 under the vertical loading, the shear-lag effect was produced badly, more severer under concentrated loading than under uniform loading .2 the longitudinal bending deformation of the beam flange was true of the imitating plane assumption of deformation . 3 the width length ratio was confirmed as the first factor working on the shear-lag effect among all the geometric parameters;4 the shear-lag coefficient of simple-supported box-girder was severer than the continuous box-girder, the shear-lag effect in the inner supported section of continuous beam was much more severer, we need paying more attention for it in designing. 5 the non-liner characteristics of material deformation have littlie influence on shear-lag effect in BGCW. 6 the experiential calculating formulation and calculating diagram for the effective flange width was raised with the only factor of the width-span ratio., but the primary location of axis of bending moments should not be changed while calculating the inertial moment .

研究认为：1室内模型试验和空间有限元分析结果均表明波形钢腹板组合箱梁在竖向荷载作用下，翼板出现了典型的纵向应力剪滞效应。2在竖向荷载作用下，截面高度上各点纵向正应变分布认为可符合"拟平截面假定"，以此作为波形钢腹板组合箱梁抗弯计算的基本假定。3箱梁宽跨比是影响波形钢腹板组合箱梁翼板剪滞效应的主要因素。4连续波形钢腹板组合箱梁的翼板剪滞系数大于简支梁，且连续箱梁内支点截面翼板剪滞效应相当严重，对此需十分重视。5当混凝土翼板受力由弹性阶段进入弹塑性阶段时，材料的非线性特性对翼板的剪滞效应影响甚微。6提出了根据组合箱梁的宽跨比参数来计算翼板有效宽度比的经验公式和计算图表，但箱梁截面抗弯惯性矩的计算不应改变原先的截面中和轴位置。

1Niche construction can lead to stable coexistence of diverse genotypes in spatially structured population, which supports a stable polymorphism even without heterozygote superiority.(2)With habitat deterioration, niche construction accelerates the formation of steady polymorphism and hence impedes the harmful influences of environment on the population, which might embody a life-history strategy of organism under the unfavorable environment.(3)Niche construction results in the coexistence with alternative polymorphism through genotype-environment feedback and limited gene flow.(4)The niche-constructing organism is an active force to alter its environment and hence the direction of natural selection in order to better survival.(5)Spatial dynamics and distribution pattern of metapopulation are profoundly influenced by time-lagged niche construction.(6)Metapopulation size can reach a fixed level in the recency effect and equal weighting of time lag but is statistical stability in primacy effect, which implies the primacy effect is most remarkable.(7)The increment in the relative weightingof each generation\' niche construction and the length of time lag are significant factors for system destabilization.(8)Moderate capacity of positive niche construction benefits the metapopulation persistence.(9)The narrowing of niche breadth can decrease the metapopulation size and thereby increase the extinction risk.(10)The coupled function of time lag and niche construction make the system oscillation and generate the spiral wave, spiral-broken and circular wave in heterogeneous habitat.The spatial distributions of metapopulation and resource content are complementary due to a phase lag of their both frequencies.(12)Metapopulation persistence with niche construction depends not only on the balance between colonization and extinction, but also on the balance between the ability of niche construction and natural dissipation of habitat.(13)Metapopula-tion can survive under certain condition when the percent of suitable patches in habitat is lower than the ration of extinction to colonization.(14)Two thresholds exist in the process of transition of habitat quality dynamics from unsuitable to suitable, which include the intensity of niche construction and the initial condition of system.(15)Metapopulation size is positive correlated with the ability of positive niche construction, which means that organism or population who has strongly positive influences on their environment plays an important role to maintain the available habitat.

通过上述几个方面的研究，主要得出以下15条结论：(1)生态位构建可使空间结构种群，甚至是在没有杂合子优势的条件下，形成多种可能的稳定基因型分布模式；(2)随着环境的破坏与恶化，种群的生态位构建作用加速其较早形成稳定多态以阻碍环境对种群的不利影响，解释了有机体在不利环境下的一种生活史对策；(3)生态位构建作用通过基因型—环境反馈机制及有限的基因交流导致基因型多态的稳定共存；(4)有机体的生态位构建作用是一种积极的动力改变环境进而改变其自然选择的方向；(5)生态位构建的时滞作用对集合种群动态和空间分布产生深刻影响；(6)集合种群大小在时滞的崭新效应和等权重效应下达到一固定值，而在首位效应下达到统计稳定，表明首位效应的影响最显著；(7)首位效应下生态位构建相对权重的增量和时滞的长度是影响系统不稳定性动态的关键因素；(8)适中的生态位构建强度有利于集合种群的续存；(9)生态位宽度变窄会减少集合种群的数量从而增加其灭绝风险；(10)时滞和生态位构建的双重作用使系统产生周期振荡，并在异质性环境中产生稳定的螺旋波，破碎的螺旋波和环形波三种分布模式；(11)集合种群与资源含量的空间分布因为相滞而互补；(12)具有生态位构建的集合种群续存不仅取决于侵占率与灭绝率之间的平衡，而且依赖于生态位构建能力同其生境的自然消耗速率之间的妥协；(13)当生境中适合侵占的斑块比例小于其侵占率与灭绝率之比时，生态位构建作用促使集合种群在一定条件下续存：(14)生境斑块的状态从不适合到适合转变过程中存在生态位构建强度和系统初始条件这两个阈值；(15)集合种群的大小同正生态位构建能力正相关，意味着对环境具有较强正作用的有机体对维持有效生境起积极作用。

The RRs of symptoms decreased gradually after the accident day（lag 1~5d）. The RRs of breathe hard, ocular acerbity, lachrymation and temper oppression returned to normal level on the lag 3d; the RRs of cough, phlegm, throat desiccation and nonnasality saline and sternutation returned to normal level on the lag 4d; the RR of snivel returned to normal on the lag 5d.

沙尘暴过后虽然各种症状RR均有所下降，但下降速度不同：在滞后1~2d，气短、眼睛干涩、流泪和心情压抑等4种症状RR仍显著高于沙尘暴前，直到滞后3d才恢复到正常水平；而咳嗽、咯痰、咽干口苦和打喷嚏等4种症状RR在滞后4d才恢复正常；流涕症状RR在滞后5d才基本恢复正常。

The invention discloses a method and device for acquiring environment data collecting in honeycomb traveling carriage localizing system and GPS, A-GPS, the collecting device comprises collecting unit with time lag distribution power which connects with honeycomb traveling carriage receiver and GPS receiver, power time lag distribution pretreating unit, environment data extraction unit and managing unit; the method includes: determining the type of input data, gathered power time lag distribution, power time lag distribution pretreating, environment data extracting and synthesizing.

本发明公开了一种适用于蜂窝移动台定位系统和GPS、A-GPS系统的获取环境数据的装置和方法，该环境数据采集装置包括与蜂窝移动台接收机和GPS接收机相连的功率时延分布采集单元、功率时延分布预处理单元、环境数据提取单元和管理单元；本发明所述环境数据采集方法包括确定输入数据的种类、采集功率时延分布、功率时延分布预处理、环境数据提取和环境数据综合。

With the constant development of career mapping, mapping the spiritual and cultural needs of workers are increasingly strong, we want the inter-generational mapping fine tradition and style to be continuity and Everbright, eager to get rich cultural resources survey and mapping integration and value, eager amateur cultural life more colorful, eager to mapping themes of cultural products continue to emerge, eager to cultural consumption, cultural services more often, and more diversified.

随着测绘事业的不断发展，测绘职工对于精神文化的需求越来越旺盛，大家渴望代代相传的测绘优良传统和作风得到传承和光大，渴望丰厚的测绘文化资源得到整合和珍惜，渴望业余文化生活更加丰富多彩，渴望测绘题材的文化产品不断涌现，渴望文化消费、文化服务更加经常化、多样化。

The first is Qin culture's value in the market economy, from the perspective of modem mining, the essence of the inherent humanity, addressing its deep flaws and reshape its modem value, The second is Qin cultural circle and coordinated regional economic development, Qin cultural circles and the big-Guanzhong mark sphere has the inherent linds, Qin culture research should be based on reality, from the perpective of cultural capital build a solid foundation for culture; The third is Qin culture's industrialization, which has an advantage in location and resource advantages; The fourth is inter-regional cultural cooperation's issues, Qin cultural studies should be carried out in the wide-area, multi-perspective of a comprehensive study; The fifth is to introduce the new paradigm issues. such as cultural capital, social capital and human resources.

一是秦文化在市场经济中的价值挖掘与重塑问题，应从现代性角度挖掘秦文化的内在人文精髓，正视其深层中的秦文化圈与区域经济视域下的大关中经济圈具有内在契合性；秦文化的相关研究应该立足于大关中经济圈的现实，从文化资本角度为大关中经济的腾飞打造坚实的文化根基；三是秦文化自身的产业化问题，秦文化圈具有文化产业的区位优势和资源优势，应从经济与文化交叉的角度深入作域文化产业发展模式问题；四是区域间跨文化经济交流合作问题，秦文化研究应在跨省际、跨区域的横向文化交流合作中对其内在关系进行宽领域、多视角的全面研究；五是在研究中引人新范式问题，应有效借鉴文化资本、社会资本、人力资源、企业文化与企业家精神等一些新的分析范式，推动相关研究的深人拓展。

It is indeed the product of various countries' culture, so its application is determined by cultural factors. The paper can be divided into three parts, the first part reviews Leech politeness principle and it's advantage and disadvantage, then it discusses its cultural characteristics by using contrastive analysis method to analyze cultural origins and decisiveness of politeness principle. Then it explains cultural decisiveness of the politeness principle by introducing Chinese politeness criteria, Examples on vocatives, terms of humility and honorifics, taboos and euphemism are also given to further illustrate this point. Finally it proposes the conclusion: we should learn more about politeness principle and its cultural characteristics and raise people's consciousness on this issue so as to help people successfully in cross-cultural communication.

全文主要分为三部分，第一部分回顾了Leech的礼貌原则的内容并对礼貌原则的合理之处和不足之处进行了分析；然后采用了对比分析的方法，从礼貌的文化渊源和礼貌的文化决定性来讨论礼貌的文化特性；接着引入顾曰国的汉语礼貌准则，以及从称呼语、恭维自谦语、禁忌委婉语方面举例来说明礼貌原则具有文化决定性；最后提出结论：应对礼貌原则及其文化特性进行研究以此提高人们的跨文化意识，促进跨文化交际的顺利进行。

As the necessary choice of modern cultural creation, self-conscious symbol design always emerges as a specific cultural creation activity by human dealing with the relation to the outside objective symbolic world under specific historical conditions, which is a functional transcendent activity, a programmed cultural creation activity seeking for concreteness against abstractness, and it is also a cultural creation activity with self-discipline, compatibility, and pre-examination value with the ability of self-reflection, self-criticism, self-transcendence and self-creation, therefore, it is a choice of cultural practice which is helpful for us to guide contemporary human cultural creation according to complex situations and it is also one to further control the future and development trend of our culture.

摘 要：作为现代文化创造之必然选择，自觉符号设计在具体历史条件下总是表现为人处理同外界客观符号世界关系的特定文化创造活动，它既是一种功能性超越活动，又是一种不断寻求具体、反对抽象的程式化文化创造活动，还是一种兼顾自律性、兼容性与预验性价值的文化创造活动。它具备自我反省、自我批判、自我超越、自我创造能力，有助于我们按照复杂情况来引导当代人类文化创造，更好地把握自身文化未来与发展趋势。

The conclusion is that the path of Nanjie's institutional change is the outcome of the coevolution, say, competition, constraints, enforcement and transformation between the state and market; the coevolution have three dimensions: benefit, legitimacy and ideology; the path and outcome of institutional change in the process of coevolution are shaped by both the dual process of modernization and marketization in China's social transformation and the path dependence and cultural lag in China's incremental reform strategy: on the one hand, as historical conditions, the proceeding and logic of China's modernization constraint the state and market's institutional choices; on the other hand, under the interplay between the path dependence and cultural lag, the interaction between the state and market can produce various complex combinations, therefore various institutional landscape, even "institutional paradox".

本文认为，高度政治化、高度集体化的南街村体制是国家与市场互动演化，即国家与市场之间相互竞争、制约、强化和改变的结果；国家与市场之间的互动演化有利益、合法性和意识形态等三个维度，而互动演化所造成的制度变迁轨迹和结果则同时受中国社会转型中的现代化进程和市场化进程，以及渐进式改革中的路径依赖和文化堕距的影响：一方面，现代化进程作为一种共同的历史条件制约着国家和市场各自在互动过程中的制度选择；另一方面，在路径依赖和文化堕距的交互作用下，国家与市场之间的互动会形成多种复杂的、犬牙交错的组合，从而塑造出千姿百态的制度景象甚至"悖论"。

The accommodation lag of emmetrope was (0.2375±0.2218) D, The accommodation lag of high myope eye of anisometrope was 1.2875±0.4389 D, The accommodation lag of low myope eye of anisometrope was 0.2250±

正视眼的主观调节滞后量为(0.2375±0.2218)D，屈光参差的高度数眼滞后量为(l.2875±0.4389)D，而屈光参差的低度数眼的调节滞后量为(0.2250±0.2913)D。

But this is impossible, as long as it is engaging in a market economy, there are risks in any operation.

但是，这是不可能的，只要是搞市场经济，是有风险的任何行动。

We're on the same wavelength.

我们是同道中人。