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Common buckwheat ( F. esculentum ) is an allogamy crop, which is heterogony. There is heterogeneity in the species. To reveal the genetic diversity within cultivar population, In order to explore the sampling strategy that can reveal genetic diversity of buckwheat resources on the molecular level. PCR with intron-splice junction primers and long random primers was employed to reveal the genetic diversity within nine common buckwheat varieties and one tartary buckwheat cultivar population among different individuals. We established the sampling strategy in its genetic diversity study. Then we used the established sampling strategy, and the same PCR markers technique,to analysis the genetic diversity of 86 common buckwheat resources, the main results are as follows

甜荞是花柱异长自交不亲和的异花授粉作物，品种内存在一定的异质性，为了准确揭示甜荞遗传资源的遗传多样性，本研究采用因子分析法对86份甜荞遗传资源农艺性状数据进行分析；采用长随机引物和内含子切接点引物的PCR分子标记技术，对9个甜荞品种和1个苦荞品种不同个体间的遗传多样性进行了分析，建立了甜荞资源遗传多样性研究的取样策略；并利用建立的取样策略，采用PCR标记技术，对这86份甜荞资源的遗传多样性进行了分析，取得如下主要结果

The genetic structure of Alternaria alternata Keissler was influenced by genetic background of host cultivar, and the genetic structure of isolates from different host cultivar was different.

赤星病菌的遗传结构也随寄主品种的不同而表现出一定的差异，寄主品种的遗传背景影响着赤星病菌的遗传结构。

The chromosomal constitution of 200 advanced lines from 1R monosomic addition lines between the wheat cultivar Mianyang11 (MY11) and different rye lines R3, R12, and Baili-rye was studied by the improved C-banding and A-PAGE method. The result showed that 45 lines were identified as 1RS/1BL translocation lines congruously by the two methods. But a line (843-1-1), originated from an 1R addition line of wheat cultivar MY11 and rye line R12, was identified as 1RS/1BL translocation line by C-banding and genomic in situ hybridization,but the secalin block from chromosome arm 1RS of rye was absent in the A-PAGE pattern of its seed proteins.

结果发现，在鉴定的200个株系中，有45个株系经C-带和A-PAGE检测均一致地发现它们含有一对1RS /1BL易位染色体，而一个株系843-1-1，C-带鉴定、原位杂交结果均证明它含有一对1RS/1BL易位染色体，但A-PAGE醇溶蛋白图谱却不具有黑麦1RS染色体臂的黑麦碱特征带，而表达出既不同于黑麦碱又不同于亲本绵阳11的醇溶蛋白带型。

The damage of NaCl on membrane of Baishami cultivar was stronger than that of Huanghemi cultivar.

NaCl对黄河蜜叶片膜系统的伤害小于对白沙蜜的伤害。

Beijingensis under three droughttreatments, normal, moderate and severe stresses. The results showed:(1) the canker disease ofboth cultivars was serious gradually with increased drought;(2) the bark tissue cells sufferedplasmolysis, more evident with the severity of drought stress;(3) under the drought andinoculation with B. dothidea, cells of two cultivars damaged at different degree, mailyrepresented in the changes of organelles, such as chloroplast swollen and distorted, number ofmitochondria increased and membrane system indistinct; then organelles suffered furtherdamagement with inoculation time, thinned mitochondrias stroma, decreased cristae, crumpledand partly broken membrane of chloroplasts with stroma exosmosis. At last, the chloroplastspartly disorganized;(4) the hyphae growed mainly intercellular in resistant cultivar and notonly intercellular but also intracellular in susceptible cultivar, which directly caused thenecrosis of cells;(5) under the severe drought, the damage of cells enhanced the infection ofpathogen and drought and pathogen stressed together and promoted the disease development;the damage from pathogen on cells was more serious than that from drought.

结果显示：(1)随着干旱胁迫程度的增加，2种杨树溃疡病害发生渐趋严重；(2)干旱胁迫下，杨树树皮组织细胞发生质壁分离，并随胁迫程度的增加而严重；(3)干旱胁迫下接种病原菌，2种杨树细胞发生不同程度的损伤，主要表现为细胞器发生较大变化，如出现叶绿体肿胀变形、线粒体数量增多，质膜模糊不清等现象；随接种时间的延长，细胞器受到进一步损伤，叶绿体被膜折皱，严重时局部破裂，基质外渗，并部分最终解体；(4)毛白杨中的菌丝主要在细胞间隙中穿行，而北京杨的菌丝除在细胞间隙中生长之外，侵入细胞内部也较多，直接导致细胞的解体；(5)干旱胁迫下细胞的损伤促进了病原菌的侵染，干旱和病原菌的双重胁迫加剧了病害的发生程度，并且病原菌侵染对细胞的破坏程度大于水分胁迫。

On the signal transduction related to the resistance in seedling period,result suggested that(1)therewas a larger amount of calcium combined in uninoculated resistant cultivar as compared with that insusceptible cultivar.

在非酶类抗性相关物质研究中，抗病品种和感病品种被病菌侵染后在苗期及成株期玉米叶片细胞中各种抗性物质也有明显不同的变化。

Then Xiaohuangli and Blue jewel pollinate for Fengweihuanghou, and the four Plum cultivar pollinate for Konglongdan, their setting rate were all 0, So Xiaohuangli and Blue jewel can not been arranged pollinizer for Fengweihuanghou. In addition the four plum cultivar can not been arranged pollinizer for Konglongdan.

而以小黄李和蓝宝石2个李品种为风味皇后授粉及该研究的4个李品种为恐龙蛋授粉，坐果率均为0，认为小黄李和蓝宝石2个李品种不能作为风味皇后的授粉树；而该研究的4个李品种不能作为恐龙蛋的授粉树。

Based on the cultivar comparative test carried out in 1998—2003,"Chanong NO.1" sprouted very early in spring and the sprouting values were 0.39~0.96 higher than the control cultivar Wannong95, and 0.35~0.57 higher than Fuding -dabaicha .The content of tea chemic material was abundant in fresh leaves and the contents of tea polyphenols, caffeine, amino acids, polysaccharides and resoluble material were 28.22%, 4.81%, 1.51%, 1.55% and 44.82%. Moreover, their ratios were harmonious, resulted in its excellent quality of the made green tea especially in the aspects of aroma and taste."Chanong NO.1" was strong in cold resistance, especially during the spring frost season.

经1998—2003年品种比较实验，结果表明：该品系春季萌发期特早，与对照皖农95相比，同期萌展值大0.39~0.96，与福鼎大白茶相比，同期萌展值大0.35~0.57；鲜叶中生化成分含量丰富，其中多酚含量28.22%、氨基酸含量1.51%，咖啡碱含量4.81%，水浸出物含量44.82%，茶多糖含量1.55%；各成分比例协调，绿茶品质佳，尤以香气和滋味表现突出；抗寒性强，对倒春寒的抗性也强。

The results showed that: pollen tube grew normally and entered into the style base after self-pollination of self-compatible cultivar and cross-pollination of self-incompatible cultivar.

结果表明：自交不亲和的品种异花授粉和自交亲和的品种自花授粉后花粉管能够正常生长并通过花柱基部。

To sum up, about the 24th node was the proper topping position, and it can be raised for the premature cultivar while it should be reduced for the serotinous cultivar.

综合分析表明，24节左右为厚皮甜瓜合理摘顶节位，早熟品种可适当提高摘顶节位，而中晚熟品种应适当降低节位。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷