查询词典 crystals

Crystal is the fruits of victory, a different experimenter get fruit is not the same: Some people have a beautiful blue vitriol crystals, a person granted a dazzling crystal, more people are harvested white crystals, such as ordinary salt crystal, alum crystals and so on.

晶体是胜利的果实，不同的实验者得到的果实是不一样的：有人得到美丽的蓝色胆矾晶体，有人获得耀眼夺目的水晶，更多的人收获的是普通的白色晶体如食盐晶体、明矾晶体等等。

This thesis demonstrates the pre-polymers in a polymer-dispersed cholesteric liquid crystals can be polymerized into a polymer film, which can eliminate the aligning capability of the homogeneous alignment layer. Thereafter, the textures of the cholesteric liquid crystals in UV-cured region can be changed from reflective planar texture to the scattered focal conic one. Additionally, the clearing temperature of the liquid crystals can be reduced by doping with chiral dopant or monomers. The cause is the increase of the impurity concentration in LCs. In other words, if the monomers are polymerized, the clearing temperature of LCs in that region should increase due to the decrease of the impurity concentration. Therefore, impurities associated with doping with monomeric and chiral dopants cause the clearing temperature of LCs in cured region to differ from that in uncured region.

本文中，我们提出在高分子聚合物薄膜之胆固醇液晶(polymer-dispersed cholesteric liquid crystals，简称PDCLCs)中，利用紫外光使PDCLC中的单体聚合成薄膜，此即为光引致聚合反应，而该薄膜将原本在表面所作的配向膜覆盖且破坏其配向能力，使胆固醇液晶由原本反射的planar结构转换成散射的focal conic结构；另外，有关液晶材料的相变温度会由於掺杂手性分子或单体而降低，此因液晶材料内『杂质』浓度增加，而造成的液晶材料之不纯度增加，最终导致相变温度降低，若搭配上述光引致聚合反应，则由於光照区之单体聚合，使该区域单体占总材料之比例下降，即不纯度降低，进而使液晶材料之相变温度上升，该区域之相变温度与未照光区有所不同。

We studied the structural characteristic of AR2O4 crystals within calcium ferrite type, ABO4 crystals in zircon, monazite, and scheelite type, R2M2O7 crystals in pyrochlore type and - and -type R2MoO6 crystals, and performed systematical calculations on the chemical bond parameters, thermal expansion coefficients and bulk moduli of these crystals.

对铁酸钙型AR2O4晶体、锆石、独居石和白钨矿型ABO4晶体、烧绿石型R2M2O7晶体和-和-R2MoO6晶体等复杂体系的结构进行研究，并系统的计算了各晶体组成化学键的属性以及表征晶体膨胀和压缩行为的膨胀系数和体模量等参数。

Physicochemical properties of CPC/BMP compositeUnder scanning electron microscope the CPC/BMP composite was found to consist primarily of platy crystals, granular crystals and some small rod-like crystals with micropores about 5-50 urn in size.

一、CPC/BMP复合人工骨的理化特性通过扫描电镜可见CPC/BMP复合物由不规则的扁平状、颗粒状和棒状晶体构成，晶体颗粒互相连接附着，之间充满均匀而又不规则的孔隙，大小约为10～50μm。

By employing such a method, 5 series of elastomers, including natural rubbers, elastomeric polyester fibers and ethylene-octene, ethylene-methyl acrylate as well as SIS triblock copolymers, were investigated with the purpose of studying elongation induced phase structure and mobility changes of the samples. For NR samples, it was demonstrated that there exists a small amount of crystals at RT even for unelongated samples. For both NR and the soft segment of PEE, with the increase of elongation ratio, the elongation-induced crystallinity increases almost linearly in a certain region of R, in accord with the increase of the lamellar thickness of the crystals; The behavior of ethylene copolymers, in terms of elongation induced morphorpholgy changes, are quite different from NR and PEE. The crystals are found to be gradually destroyed with the increase of R, with accord with the decrease of the lamellar thickness; The motional behavior of the soft segment of SIS, changes from "liquid" to "solid", in terms of 13C NMR spin-lattice relaxation.For many of the aformented samples, the dependence of 13C spin-lattice relaxtion time T1 on R are different for different groups, indicating that the changes of mobility at MHz frequency region with elongation are different for different groups.

通过对天然橡胶、聚醚酯嵌段共聚物、乙烯-辛烯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、SIS等高分子弹性体样品聚集态结构和分子运动的研究，获得了一些新的实验结果，如：给出了确切的实验证据，证明了室温下未拉伸的天然橡胶样品中存在着微量的结晶；发现随着拉伸比增加，天然橡胶及聚醚酯样品的软段部分会出现拉伸诱导的结晶，且结晶度在一定范围内呈现近似线性的增加，所形成晶片的厚度也随之逐渐增加；而乙烯共聚物随着拉伸比的增加，原有的结晶会被逐渐破坏，晶片厚度逐渐变薄，结晶中的缺陷逐渐增加；随着拉伸比的增加，SIS中PI软段部分的核磁共振弛豫行为会出现从液态到固态的转变等；在对上述多个体系的研究中，还发现不同基团的自旋-晶格弛豫时间随着拉伸比呈现不同的变化趋势，表明不同基团的高频运动随拉伸比增加有不同的变化规律。

With the increasing of undercooling, the mean crystal diameter of supercooled solidification microstructures shows a variation from coarse to fine, then fine to coarse, and finally fine again. The coarse crystals are developed crystals, while the fine crystals are spherical crystals with a mean diameter about 50μm.

2随着过冷度的增加，深过冷凝固的微观组织的晶粒直径呈现出"粗—细—粗—细"的变化规律，粗晶为发达的等轴枝晶，细晶则为直径约50μm的球晶。

The results show that the electrodeposited calcium phosphate coating was converted to pure needle-like hydroxyapatite crystals in alkaline solution, the size of crystals become stout with the increase of current density and concentration of salts, the crystals structural was changed to squama structural with elevating the temperature of electrolyte, the volume of coating increase with the increase of quantity of electric charge.

结果表明：电沉积磷酸钙盐涂层经低温碱液处理后得到纯的羟基磷灰石涂层，羟基磷灰石晶体呈针状结构；随电流密度、主盐浓度的增加，晶粒变粗，随电解液温度的升高，晶体发生变化，出现鳞片状结构；涂层质量随沉积电量的增加而增大。

All the compounds were isolated and identified from the bituminous coals for the first time, bis(2-ethylheptyl) terephthalate and 18-ethyl-17-(hexan-2\'-yl) docosanoic acid are new compounds.Further more, a Colourless Oil Liquid, a white acerate crystals containing some alkanes, a white tabular crystals consisting of some fatty acid esters and a white powder crystals in which some fatty acids exist were isolated and analysed by GC/MS for the first time.Through this research, a study method of"classification extract of bituminous coal- separation with silica-gel and gelatin column chromatographies- identification of the isolated compounds by FTIR, GC/MS, LC/MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR analyses"was established and proved to be a practical approach toward separable and non-destructive identification of some organic compounds in bituminous coals for coal chemistry research.

本研究建立了&原煤分级萃取-硅胶与凝胶柱层析分离与纯化-GC/MS或LC/MS检测-FTIR、MS、1H NMR和13C NMR波谱解析&这一煤中有机化学成分的非破坏性分离与分析的研究方法，并验证该研究方法有效可行。

The UV and IR spectroscopic studies of the monomer films showed that the photoreaction ratio of monomer (about 50%) was higher than the corresponding photosensitive polymer (about 10%, PVCi). The polarized IR spectra proved that obvious anisotropic absorption was displayed in the irradiated photosensitive film. With polarizing microscopy method, we found that these kinds of photoalignment films exhibited good alignment ability, and the stability of the photoalignment film could reach about 100℃. 2 A photosensitive self-assembled monolayer was fabricated that contained photo-cycloadditable groups, such as, coumarin and cinnamate. The reaction process were detected by contact angle method because the IR absorption of monolayer was very weak. The photosensitive self-assembled monolayer promote uniform alignment of nematic liquid crystals by LPUV, and it thermal stability could reach about 130℃. 3 A cationic bolaform amphiphiles was synthesized that had two photosensitive double bonds, and can be polymerized by ultraviolet. A layer-by-layer self-assembled deposition film was prepared in aqueous solution by using this material and poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). The UV-Vis. spectra proved that the multilayers film was uniform and layer-by-layer. When LPUV irradiated the film, the photopolymerizable double bond underwent [2+2] cycloaddition, and the production of the reaction distributed along the polarized direction of incident LPUV. Polarized UV-Vis. spectra indicated that the irradiated self-assembled multiplayer film was anisotropic, and the dichromic ration is about 0.09, it is higher than the spin-coating method of photosensitive polymer or monomer. We used this anisotropic film as alignment layer of nematic liquid crystals, and obtained a uniform and stability alignment result, the static contrast ratio is about 100, which is very close to application of liquid crystal device. This thesis is an instance that the photochemical material was used in the physics region of liquid crystals, the route that was from photosensitive monomer, self-assembled monolayer film to self-assembled multiplayer film was undergone, by this logical research method photoailgnment of liquid crystal was extended and consummated.

围绕上述思路开展了如下工作：1合成了三种可进行光二聚反应的光敏小分子单体，LPUV 辐照制作了光控取向膜；用紫外-可见光谱法和红外光谱法分析了薄膜中的光化学反应，发现小分子的光反应程度可达到50%以上，至少比光敏高分子高出5倍；薄膜的偏振红外光谱证实，经过LPUV 辐照后薄膜出现了明显的各向异性；将小分子光控取向膜制成液晶器件，在偏光显微镜下观察看到均匀一致的液晶取向；并且热稳定性达到100℃左右，接近实用化要求。2制备了含肉桂酸、香豆素基团的自组装单层膜；采用接触角的方法监测自组装反应的动力学过程；紫外-可见光谱证实了自组装单层膜在石英基板表面形成；自组装单层膜经LPUV 辐照后能诱导液晶均匀取向，而且热稳定性可达130℃，热稳定性进一步提高。3合成了含有光敏双键的双季铵盐，在水溶液状态下将它和聚乙烯基苯磺酸钠沉积生成layer-by-layer 自组装多层膜，紫外-可见光谱证实这是一个逐层均匀的沉积；在LPUV 照射下，自组装膜中的光敏双键按照偏振方向发生[2+2]环加成反应，形成取向膜，用二向色性值评价的分子取向度高于高分子及小分子光控取向膜的水平；实验证明用自组装多层膜制成的液晶器件亮暗态均匀，静态对比度约为100，达到实用化器件的水平。

AMELX, AMBN and ENAM are the major matrix proteins of enamel, and play different roles during different developing stages of tooth germs. AMELX may facilitate the growth of crystals in the early mineral stage, and act in the repairing of bone. AMBN may promote the mineralization of enamel matrix, and also keep the shape and size of crystals. ENAM may act in remineralization and promoting the growth of crystals.

AMELX、AMBN和ENAM为主要的釉质基质蛋白，在牙胚发育的不同阶段有不同的调节矿化的作用，AMELX在釉质矿化早期促进晶体生长，而其在骨中的表达则进一步表明其在骨修复中可能的作用；AMBN促进釉质基质矿化，并维持晶体形状、大小；ENAM促进和维持晶体生长，并与再矿化有关。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。