查询词典 crystal

Based on the problem of various types of catalyst and according to the features of carbonylation catalysts reactions, our team has been designed a series of new metal complexes of benimidazoles, which can be used for carbonylation catalyst of industry. Seven new benzimidazole derivatives were prepared by the o-phenylenediamine、oxalic acid、glycolic acid、monomethyl monopotassium malonate、ethyl cyanoacetate、succinic anhydride. The structures of them were confirmed by IR、Elemental analsis. The crystal structures of d and e were determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction of Germanic Bruker Smart APEX II CCD. The catalysis of them was tested by carbonylation reactions.

本文设计以邻苯二胺和草酸、羟基乙酸、丙二酸单甲酯、氰基乙酸乙酯、丁二酸单甲酯为原料采用PPA催化和无机酸催化法，合成了4种苯并咪唑-2-羧酸衍生物并进行了表征；培养了2个化合物d、e的晶体并测定和讨论了晶体结构；制备了3种未见报道的苯并咪唑金属配合物，对配合物在羰基化法制醋酐-醋酸反应的催化作用进行了初步试验。

At present, since fluorobenzene liquid crystal and cyclohexyl crystal are very popular liquid crystals. some research have done on the synthesis of the intermediate, fluorophenol and alkylcyclohexylbenzene compounds in this thesis.

本论文的主要内容分为两部分：第一部分，针对目前液晶材料研究的热点：含氟液晶和环己烷类液晶，就其液晶材料中间体氟代苯酚和烷基环己基苯类化合物的合成进行研究。

Dewax manufacturing derived from ancient Egypt, the technology extremely difficult which the whole process need take to dozens processes, Relying on its sparkling crystal materials, production techniques of delicate performance and unchangeable color, each of the crystal works have a unique charm and personality unparalleled which enjoyed and treasured up by all walks of people.

脱蜡制造法源于古埃及，整个过程需要数十道工序才能完成，技术难度极高。琉璃凭借其晶莹剔透的水晶材质，铸造技法的细腻表现，变幻莫测的色彩效果，使每一件琉璃作品都各具无可比拟的独特魅力与个性。在国内外备受推崇，深得各界人士的喜爱与珍藏。

On the basis of developing a new technology to synthesize sodium diacetate successfully without any pollution,the culture of bigger crystal in perfect shape and single crystal of small dimension suitable for X-ray diffraction was attained.

在研究成功双乙酸钠零污染合成工艺的基础上，培养成功了晶型完美的大尺寸晶体和适宜进行X光结构分析的小尺寸单晶，并进一步应用四圆衍射仪测得其晶体结构。

The UV and IR spectroscopic studies of the monomer films showed that the photoreaction ratio of monomer (about 50%) was higher than the corresponding photosensitive polymer (about 10%, PVCi). The polarized IR spectra proved that obvious anisotropic absorption was displayed in the irradiated photosensitive film. With polarizing microscopy method, we found that these kinds of photoalignment films exhibited good alignment ability, and the stability of the photoalignment film could reach about 100℃. 2 A photosensitive self-assembled monolayer was fabricated that contained photo-cycloadditable groups, such as, coumarin and cinnamate. The reaction process were detected by contact angle method because the IR absorption of monolayer was very weak. The photosensitive self-assembled monolayer promote uniform alignment of nematic liquid crystals by LPUV, and it thermal stability could reach about 130℃. 3 A cationic bolaform amphiphiles was synthesized that had two photosensitive double bonds, and can be polymerized by ultraviolet. A layer-by-layer self-assembled deposition film was prepared in aqueous solution by using this material and poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). The UV-Vis. spectra proved that the multilayers film was uniform and layer-by-layer. When LPUV irradiated the film, the photopolymerizable double bond underwent [2+2] cycloaddition, and the production of the reaction distributed along the polarized direction of incident LPUV. Polarized UV-Vis. spectra indicated that the irradiated self-assembled multiplayer film was anisotropic, and the dichromic ration is about 0.09, it is higher than the spin-coating method of photosensitive polymer or monomer. We used this anisotropic film as alignment layer of nematic liquid crystals, and obtained a uniform and stability alignment result, the static contrast ratio is about 100, which is very close to application of liquid crystal device. This thesis is an instance that the photochemical material was used in the physics region of liquid crystals, the route that was from photosensitive monomer, self-assembled monolayer film to self-assembled multiplayer film was undergone, by this logical research method photoailgnment of liquid crystal was extended and consummated.

围绕上述思路开展了如下工作：1合成了三种可进行光二聚反应的光敏小分子单体，LPUV 辐照制作了光控取向膜；用紫外-可见光谱法和红外光谱法分析了薄膜中的光化学反应，发现小分子的光反应程度可达到50%以上，至少比光敏高分子高出5倍；薄膜的偏振红外光谱证实，经过LPUV 辐照后薄膜出现了明显的各向异性；将小分子光控取向膜制成液晶器件，在偏光显微镜下观察看到均匀一致的液晶取向；并且热稳定性达到100℃左右，接近实用化要求。2制备了含肉桂酸、香豆素基团的自组装单层膜；采用接触角的方法监测自组装反应的动力学过程；紫外-可见光谱证实了自组装单层膜在石英基板表面形成；自组装单层膜经LPUV 辐照后能诱导液晶均匀取向，而且热稳定性可达130℃，热稳定性进一步提高。3合成了含有光敏双键的双季铵盐，在水溶液状态下将它和聚乙烯基苯磺酸钠沉积生成layer-by-layer 自组装多层膜，紫外-可见光谱证实这是一个逐层均匀的沉积；在LPUV 照射下，自组装膜中的光敏双键按照偏振方向发生[2+2]环加成反应，形成取向膜，用二向色性值评价的分子取向度高于高分子及小分子光控取向膜的水平；实验证明用自组装多层膜制成的液晶器件亮暗态均匀，静态对比度约为100，达到实用化器件的水平。

The X-ray diffract was used to analyze the crystal structure of the composite. Results show that after the talc was treated with blend coupling agent, the crystal structure of talc changed, and effect Intercalation phenomenon.

通过X射线衍射分析可知，用混合偶联剂对滑石粉进行预处理后，滑石粉晶体结构发生改变，产生了插层现象，使PP／滑石粉复合材料为纳米复合材料。

According to electrooptical properties of nematic liquid crystal , two types of liquid crystal are used as scattering materials to carry out the experimental study of the partial coherence light source designed for EFISI.

利用向列液晶的电光特性，选用两种液晶盒作为散射体，完成了液晶散射法产生部分相干源的原理性实验，得出液晶散射光能量透过率、均匀性及相干性与外加电场的关系。

All the complex series based on 4',4''-dicarboxy-1,6-diphenoxyhex- ane (C6-2COOH) and 4',4''-dicarboxy-1,10-diphenoxydecane (C10-2COOH) possessed higher melting and clearing points, usually showed soft crystal or crystalline smectic phases and crystal polymorphs except C10-2COOH/ p -PhBPy complex displaying also an enantiotropic nematic phase, while the complexes based on 4,4'-dicarboxy-α,ω-diphenoxy tetraethyleneglycol ether (C8O4-2COOH) with a longer flexible spacer exhibited monotropic fluidic smectic SmA and/or nematic phases.

研究表明，分别具有较短的6或10个亚甲基的烷烃间隔基的双苯甲酸衍生物4'，4''-二羧酸-1，6-二酚氧基己烷(C6-2COOH)和4'，4''-二羧酸-1，10-二酚氧基癸烷(C10-2COOH)的系列复合物具有较高的熔点和清亮点，一般都只出现结晶近晶相和多晶型转变现象。

The difference between the sample with high columnar crystal and the sample with high equiaxed crystal has been studied by using the two parameters.

本文应用上述参数对比研究了柱状晶发达与等轴晶发达样品的差异。

The intensity of pressure is the most markable factor that influence the casts mechanical properties and microstructure. When its value exceeds 40MPa, the disfigurement such as shrinkage porosity can be effectively reduced . when its value exceeds 120MPa, the pressure obviously influence the crystal performances of liquid metal also, and compact homogeneous exiguous equiaxial crystal can be obtained. Pressure can also increase the solubility of Cu in a -Al.

比压是对铸件力学性能和显微组织最为显著的因素，其取值超过40MPa时，能有效减少缩松等缺陷，当比压超过120MPa时，除了能减轻铸造缺陷外，还对液态金属的结晶性能产生显著影响，在铸件断面上得到致密、细小且均匀的等轴晶。

What would he tell Judith and the children?

他将怎样告诉朱迪丝和孩子们呢？

I this is at that time, the opinion with peacockish true girl is full of in a heart.

这就是当时的我，一个心中布满虚荣的女孩子真实的想法。