查询词典 cross-out test

The basic approach of protecting people from being hurt or killed in an accident is to improve crashworthiness of vehicles. This paper starts with discussing theories and methods for vehicle passive safety design, which included experiential methods, analytic methods, multi-body dynamics methods, crash test methods and the finite element method. Emphasis will be paid to the basic FEM theories and algorithms of impact problems. Topics discussed include the governing equation, element discretization, hourglass control, time integration, material model, shell element algorithms and contact-impact algorithms. For more reliable simulation results, this paper then conducts study on how to accurately get material model parameters by combining the FEM method with experimental method, and develops relevant material test machine and parameter calculating software. Based on that, basic typical impact simulation and test validation study are conducted. On the basis of the above work, the paper studies the thin-shell structures'crashworthiness, which was affected by the following factors: spot-weld features, shell thickness, cross-section and pre-deformation. As to vehicle parts'crashworthiness, the paper conducts simulation study of designing energy-absorbing steering system and adaptive airbag system. A practical energy-absorbing steering wheel is designed as an example. In further depth research, the paper suggests several inverse quantificational methods for vehicle crashworthiness design based on the ideal crash characteristics. The above theories and methods are applied with good results through several practical vehicles' crashworthiness design and improvement.

文中对汽车碰撞安全性的设计理论和方法进行了归类和总结，其中包括经验法、解析法、多刚体动力学法、试验法以及有限元方法等；重点介绍了碰撞有限元法的基本理论和有关算法，涉及到有限元求解控制方程、单元离散、沙漏模态控制、时间积分、材料模型和应力修正、薄壳单元算法以及接触碰撞界面算法等，探讨了有限元计算中的材料模型参数获取技术，开发了相应的材料试验装置及材料模型参数反求软件，在此基础上进行了基本的碰撞仿真算例和试验对比研究；文中通过应用有限元方法研究了薄壁构件的碰撞吸能特性，指出了设计薄壁吸能构件时需要考虑的几个主要影响因素，即焊点、壁厚、横截面和预变形等；在关于车辆部件的碰撞安全性能设计中进行了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究，提出了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究方法；文中最后探讨了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进方法，提出了以理想碰撞特性为目标，采用分段加速度或者根据碰撞时间进行设计的反推设计法、部件吸能仿真优化设计法等量化设计方法，并通过综合应用文中所讨论的相关技术进行了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进实例研究，所选定的车型是大众化的普通轿车和碰撞安全性基础较差的微型面包车，研究结果表明，本文所提出的设计与改进方法是适用而有效的，具有重要的工程实用意义和价值。

The results indicated: 1） the rate of the PCR positive test for 1 120 transgene carps reached 60%; 2） the rate of the PCR positive test for 258 transgene carps＇ cross F1 generation reached 53.8%; 3） the rate of the PCR positive test for 36 transgene Carps＇ cytogenesis F

检测结果为：对1120尾转基因草鱼的PCR阳性检测，检出率为60％；258尾转基因草鱼杂交F1，阳性检测率为53.8％；36尾转基因草鱼雌核发育F1，阳性率为91.7％，说明Hu-IFN-α基因成功导入草鱼中，并能遗传给F1。

Therefore, accurate experimental data, such as cross sections,differential cross sections and double differential cross sections, are very important inapplications, at the same time they can be used to test and improve nuclear model andhelp us to understand nuclear reaction mechanism better.

因此，对反应的反应截面、微分截面和双微分截面进行准确地测量，既可为实际应用提供可靠的数据，同时又可检验和改进现有的模型理论，有助于进一步了解核反应机制。

To fulfill the need of the application of RP technique in medical domain, reverse CAD modeling from medical cross sections is systematically studied in this dissertation. Firstly, Some algorithms related to the research of this dissertation are studied. New algorithms for orientation and inclusion test for simple polygon, an error constrained automatic faring algorithm for B-spline curve and a theorem regarding the termination criterion for subdivision of triangular Bézier patch are proposed. Then based on similarity between contours of adjacent sections, a methodology for surface reconstruction from cross sections is presented. Finally, a virtual measuring method is proposed.

本文针对RP技术在医学领域应用的需要，系统研究了基于医学断层轮廓数据的反求CAD建模理论和方法：(1)在基础算法研究部分，提出了简单多边形方向及点在多边形内外判断的新方法、三角Bézier曲面片离散的误差控制定理和一种带误差约束的B样条曲线的自动光顺方法；(2)提出了一种基于相邻层轮廓相似性的医学断层轮廓数据曲面重构方法；(3)提出了一种称为"虚拟测量"的曲面模型处理方法。

During the cross-sectional seepage flow soil test and line fountain liquefaction solum by artifical pressure,the process of sediment incipient motion and cross-sectional basic configuration of liquefaction solum have been observed.

通过横断面渗流土工试验，人工加压线源液化土体，观察到泥沙起动的过程和液化土体横断面的基本形态，发现线源渗透破坏服从最小阻力趋向原则。

The possible role of cross-inhibition between GABA_aRs and GlyRs in the CNS I then examined synaptical coupled cultured neurons from the IC to test for the possible role of this cross-talk during GABA_AR-mediated neurotransmission.

此外，通过转染甘氨酸受体α亚基在培养的下丘神经元上提高甘氨酸受体表达，结果发现甘氨酸受体和GABA_A受体所引起的电流比值显著性的增加，并且交互抑制的模式也从对称性的转变为非对称性的或单向的交互抑制。

PAA/PVA IPN hydrogels were prepared by a sequential method by which acrylic acid firstly. polymerizes and cross-links in PVA/water solution with UV irradiation,then PVA physical cross-linked hydrogels are formed in cross-linked PAA networksby freezing-thawing. The orthogonal test design method was used to optimize theexperimental conditions based on the mechanical and swelling properties of thehydrogels. The effect of the PAA and crosslinking agent contents on the microscopicmorphology of the PAA/PVA IPN xerogel was investigated by transmission electronmicroscopy, and on the mechanical properties of the hydogels was studied bymeasurements of mechanical properties.

针对水凝胶强度、生物相容性和刺激响应性的需要，选择了以PVA和PAA为复合水凝胶的基本分子结构；采用顺序IPN方法制备PAA／PVA IPN水凝胶，即将单体丙烯酸与PVA溶液共混，AA经紫外光辐射聚合交联在PVA溶液中形成PAA化学交联网络，再经冰冻—解冻循环过程在PAA网络内形成PVA物理交联网络。

Swine enteropathogenic E. colis were rejuvenescenced and 6 of them were selected to prepare blood serum. We had tested the reactance of cross agglutination and agar diffusion between the strains and the blood serums. No. 300 and No. 343 were selected because they had highly cross reaction. To test superantigen of No.300 and No.343, the antigens made by both of them immunized piglets, and then we detected the serum 0D values with indirect ELISA. The OMP and PF of No. 300 and No. 343 were extracted for SDS—PAGE and westen-blotting.

本研究针对10株猪致病性大肠杆菌，经复壮后选取致病性强的6菌株作为供试菌株，制备免疫血清与这6菌株的多种抗原分别进行交叉凝集试验和琼脂扩散试验，根据各菌株抗原的交叉反应程度，筛选出抗原交叉程度高的菌株300和343，检测两菌株超抗原的毒性作用，以不同方式制备抗原免疫仔猪，用间接ELISA检测免疫效果，并提取菌株300和343的外膜蛋白和渗透因子经SDS—PAGE及免疫印迹试验，进行相关分析。

The results show that side force, lift and overturning moment obtained by simulation and by wind tunnel test are consistent. When train travels with certain speed, the aerodynamic force and overturning moment acting on passenger car running on bridge, embankment and flat will increase greatly as cross-wind becomes larger while those increase less when the train runs on cut. Under the condition of strong cross-wind, aerodynamic force and overturning moment acting on train traveling on bridge are the largest. So the train traveling on bridge tends to overturn compared with that traveling on other three kinds of railway conditions. Aerodynamic force and moment acting on train traveling on cut are the least.

研究结果表明：侧向力、升力和倾覆力矩数值模拟结果与风洞实验结果均吻合较好；车速一定时，随着侧风速度的增大，列车在桥梁、路堤、平地上运行所受气动力和倾覆力矩均急剧增加，而在路堑上运行所受气动力及力矩增加缓慢；当侧风速度一定的情况下，客车在高桥上运行所受到的气动力及力矩最大，因此，强侧风下列车在高桥上运行较容易发生倾覆事故；在路堑上所受到的气动力相对最小。

The suitable experimental conditions for the swelling test to determine the cross-link density of NEPE propellant were studied to analyze the relations between the cross-link network and the mechanical properties of the propellant.

为分析NEPE推进剂的交联网络与推进剂性能的相互关系，研究了溶胀法的试验条件对推进剂相对交联密度的影响。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。