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From the numerical results of critical conicity calculatians for bogies with different steering stiffness and different construction parameters, the paper concludes that the low conicity instability can be reduced by means of optimizing the bogie parameters to a va...

得到不同导向刚度下产生失稳的临界踏面锥度和不同锥度下的临界速度值。研究发现，通过参数的合理匹配，可使临界锥度降至常见最小锥度以下，从而可以避免低锥度失稳，为迫导向转向架的参数设计提出了一个新的准则。

Numerical method is used to investigate the bogie's ateral stability under diverse nonlinear factors. The influence of nonlinearities and conicity on the critical speed is investigated. The nonlinear forces considered in the bogie system include creep-force between the rail and wheel, longitudinal damping and the flange contact force.

利用数值方法研究了不同非线性力作用下转向架的横向稳定性，得到轮轨饱和力、蠕滑力、纵、横向阻尼力、轮缘死区接触力、踏面斜率以及轮轨间隙对转向架系统线性、非线性临界速度的影响规律。

Social connectedness is especially important at holiday times and is a critical component of healthy aging.

社会连通特别重要的是在节日倍，是一个关键组成部分"健康老龄化"。

Connie:Well, you know, communication is critical for a successful company.

康妮：嗯，你知道，沟通对一家成功的公司是很重要的。

Conoco praised USCAP but said current proposals in Congress "disadvantaged the transportation sector and its consumers, left domestic refineries unfairly penalised versus international competition and ignored the critical role that natural gas can play in reducing…emissions".

康诺克石油公司表示赞赏USCAP的成绩，但是近期国会通过的决议对公司的物流运输和消费者造成了负面影响，使国内的炼油行业在国际竞争中处于不利的地位，却忽略了天然气在温室气体排放中所占的比重。

Maintaining the data consistency is a critical technical problem in the distributed database system .

1引言分布式数据库系统在系统结构上的真正含义是指物理上分布、逻辑上集中的分布式数据库结构。

Distributed database system is a main research direction in the database field. Maintaining the data consistency is a critical technical problem in the distributed database system .

分布式数据库系统是数据库领域中的一个主要研究方向，数据一致性维护是分布式数据库系统中的一个非常关键的技术问题。

Based on the variable separation method, the governing equations for the film thickness problem have been solved. A reasonable consistent condition of the momentum equations has been found and solved. Based on the methods ofmathematical physics, series expansion solution of the velocity filed in the film has been derived. A boundary condition at the boundary of the spray area was given and the velocity slip phenomenon has been considered.

基于电子器件喷雾冷却技术的研究现状和研究热点，本文对喷雾在热源表面形成的冲击液膜流动及厚度模型、基于CHF(Critical Heat Flux，临界热流密度)准则的倾斜喷射喷嘴轨迹、喷嘴距热源换热最优时的高度、倾斜喷射实验以及针对动态喷射的电磁驱动器件的吸合问题等方面进行了研究：针对圆锥形轴对称喷雾冷却系统，在对喷雾区域进行划分的基础上，引入滑流边界条件，在提出圆锥状喷雾假设的基础上，建立了喷雾区域雾滴密度连续介质等效模型。

How to balance between the sustainable socioeconomic development and the consonance between human being and water ha already been the critical issue in front of the local government.

如何处理经济社会可持续发展与人水和谐相处之间的关系，是摆在各级政府面前的重要课题。

Based on the equilibrium equation of an arch element the cubic nonlinear dynamic model with second order is established and the nonlinear differential dynamic system without constant term is obtained through a transfer process of T=U+b. Hence three fixed points and the homoclinic orbits are found. The critical condition of the chaotic vibration of the elastic arch is given by using the method of Melnikov function. The numerical results of the stationary and chaotic motion are given and discussed.

首先利用拱的单元平衡方程建立了拱的二阶三次非线性动力学模型；然后通过变换使方程转化为不含常数项的非线性微分动力系统，并由此得到无扰动系统的3个不动点与同宿轨道；再用Melnikov函数法给出了发生混沌的临界条件；最后给出了该系统出现定常运动和混沌运动的数值结果。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。