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Arbitral awards, notarised documents concerning creditors rights to debt and other evidential material substantiating the maritime claim

债权证据，包括证明债权的具有法律效力的判决书、裁定书、调解书、仲裁裁决书和公证债权文书，以及其他证明具有海事请求的证据材料

The dissertation begins with the investigation of the fruitful research on function of debt governance in developed countries such as UK, US, Japan and Germany, and attempts to fill some important gaps in our understanding of inefficient investment controlling function, bankruptcy threat function and function of creditor's participating in corporate governance; Second, Theoretical and empirical study is done on whether three functions of debt governance can work well in state-owned listed companies. The result shows that so far the function of debt governance can't work well as expected; Third, after examining the special institutional background of China, the dissertation argues, grounded on the research results, that the essential institutional reasons include creditors and debtors being "quasi" market participants, the "quasi-equal" debtor-creditor relationships and the "quasi" market rules; Finally, it comes to the conclusion that the fundamental methods to change the situation are to encourage the supervision of banks, to deepen the reform of state-owned companies and to fulfill the outside institutional requirements for guaranteeing the function of debt governance.

文章首先借鉴英美、日德等发达国家对债权治理功效的已有研究成果，总结归纳出负债抑制非效率投资功效、负债的破产威胁功效以及债权人直接介入公司治理功效；其次，分别对三大债权治理功效在我国国有控股上市公司中能否发挥作用进行理论解析和实证检验，研究发现，目前我国企业债权治理功效不能发挥应有的作用；再次，针对研究结论，从我国特有的制度背景出发，分析其症结，认为我国目前的债权债务双方的&准&市场主体、债权债务双方的&准&平等关系、&准&市场游戏规则是导致债权治理功效不能发挥作用的根本制度原因；最后，提出解决对策，认为增强银行的监督激励、深化国有企业的改革以及实现债权治理功效的外在制度要求是债权治理功效发挥作用的根本途径。

"Until the Church prohibited usury, Venetian creditors used to charge 20% interest on well-secured loans."

直到教会组织严禁发放高利贷前，威尼斯的放贷者惯于对有可靠抵押的债款征收20%利息。

Until the Church prohibited usury, Venetian creditors used to charge 20% interest on well-secured loans.

直到教会组织严禁发放高利贷前，威尼斯的放贷者惯于对有可靠抵押的债款征收20%利息。试图用托词把债主们搪塞开。

When the importer or purchaser falls into bankruptcy, the bank holding the trust receipt has a priority to the pledged goods and proceeds thereof against the creditors of the importer or purchaser.

该合同表明进口商或购货商作为银行的受托人代表银行处分质押物，处分所得优先用于偿还银行的债权。

This dissertation believes that the internal administrative structure in company should be a chain of systems including the right restraint and the setting up of obligation among Board of shareholders, Board of shareholders, Board of directors, Board of supervisors and managers, it is a regulation by way of setting up the rights, obligations and relevant responsibilities so as to adjust the relationship among shareholders, creditors, staff members, government and consumers with the development of modern company theory.

本文认为，随着现代公司理论的发展，公司内部治理结构应是一个主要包括股东会、董事会、监事会和经理在内的公司内部参与者之间的权力制衡和义务设置的一整套体制，是通过对股东会、董事会、经理和监事会的权利、义务、责任的设定而协调股东、债权人、职工、政府和消费者等利益相关者之间关系的一种制度安排。

Moreover, it can reduce and avoid to some extent the losses suffered by ships creditors and provide a good legal circumstance for the booming development of ship financing and service trade at sea.

完善的船舶物权保护制度将有利于调整、稳定船舶物权关系，从一定程度上减少或避免船舶债权人的损失，为船舶融资业务与海上服务贸易的蓬勃发展提供一个良好的法律环境。

Moreover, it can reduce and avoid to some extent the losses suffered by ship's creditors and provide a good legal circumstance for the booming development of ship financing and service trade at sea.

本文全面论述了船舶物权保护制度的内容、结构；通过比较英美法系和大陆法系主要国家、地区关于船舶物权法律规范的不同规定，从多个角度分析了各国船舶物权保护制度的特点，并参阅、分析了英美法系国家一些重要的海事判例；介绍了相关的国际公约；尤其对我国船舶物权保护的一些具体问题作了较为深入的研究，希望对我国《海商法》第2章的修改有所裨益。这既是作者在本文中进行研究的出发点，也是最终目的。

In a reform package re-leased last month, the government said it planned to allow state banks more freedom to negotiate with creditors and dispose of non- performing loans.

在上月发布的一揽子改革措施中，印尼政府表示，计划在与债权人谈判和处置不良贷款问题上给予国有银行更多自主权。

In 1984 he took a large stake in Revco, a chain of drug stores, after he sold his Odd Lot shops to the group, but he quickly fell out with the board after challenging management for control. Four years later he clashed with creditors of Coleco, the company behind the Cabbage Patch doll phenomenon, when he acquired senior debt in the group shortly after it filed for bankruptcy.

1984年，佩尔穆特在向连锁药店Revco出售自己的Odd Lot商店之后，获得了前者的多数股份，但在为了获得控制权而挑战管理层后，他很快就与董事会发生了争执。4年后，当佩尔姆特在Coleco（创造椰菜娃娃奇迹的公司）申请破产后不久收购其优先债券时，与债权人发生了冲突。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。