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The university students'personal credit evaluation management system not only could reflect and correct the students'breack faith behavior in time, bring up their good faith habit, build new credit education pattern, and promote the innovation of students'education management system, but also be propitious to establish the societal personal credit system, and lay massy foundation for the faith society.

高校学生个人信用评价管理系统的建立，不仅能够及时反馈和纠正学生的不良信用行为，培养学生良好的诚信习惯，通过新型的诚信教育培养模式，促进学生教育管理制度的改革和创新；而且有利于推动全社会个人信用体系的建立，为创建诚信社会奠定了坚实的基础。

The principle of maximal profit is the main factor as to whether to obey credit or not. The analysis of using a game theory model once and using it repeatedly arid the analysis of a game theory model with outside intervene and evolutionary game theory analysis lead to a conclusion that strengthening cooperation and the government's power of supervision and punishment, the truthfulness of information , and a sound credit mechanism are the basic solution to the credit problem in electronic commerce.

本文运用博弈的方法，对电子商务中失信产生的原因进行了分析，认为收益的最大化原则是决定是否守信的主要因素，并通过对一次博弈、重复博弈和有外部干预情况下以及进化论博弈模型的分析，得出进一步加强交易合作的持久性、政府监管和惩罚的力度、信息的真实性以及完善的信用制度，是解决电子商务信用问题的根本方法。

The principle of maximal profit is the main factoras to whether to obey credit or not. The analysis of using a gametheory model once and using it repeatedly arid the analysis of agame theory model with outside intervene and evolutionary gametheory analysis lead to a conclusion that strengthening cooperationand the government's power of supervision and punishment, thetruthfulness of information , and a sound credit mechanism are thebasic solution to the credit problem in electronic commerce.

本文运用博弈的方法，对电子商务中失信产生的原因进行了分析，认为收益的最大化原则是决定是否守信的主要因素，并通过对一次博弈、重复博弈和有外部干预情况下以及进化论博弈模型的分析，得出进一步加强交易合作的持久性、政府监管和惩罚的力度、信息的真实性以及完善的信用制度，是解决电子商务信用问题的根本方法。

This article has studied the evolution of the financial credit,and divided the financial credit into five phases,moralization,legalization, commercialization,securitization and risk mercerization,each phase,the risk of financial credit is different.

本文研究了金融信用的演进历程，根据不同发展时期的特征，将金融信用的发展划分为五个阶段：道德化、法制化、商业化、证券化及风险的市场化阶段。

Neoclassic economics makes credit and credit system as the basis and protection of economy,and put out various relationships in researching credit system during the development of economic society.

近代西方经济学将信用及信用体系视为经济领域的基础，是促进经济发展的保障，并通过对信用体系的研究，进一步揭示了社会发展中的多种经济关系。

The basic technique is to acquire a suitable credit card with a high credit limit (hence the need for a good credit rating) and use it to pay off an 'overdraft' in your current account.

基本技术是获取合适的信用卡具有较高的信贷限额（因此，就需要一个良好的信用评级），并用它来缴交一笔'透支'，在你经常帐。

The letter of credit already became one of international trade most important payment ways, promoted the international trade smoothly to carry on, but the letter of credit independence principle of abstraction as well as correlation legislation being short of, enabled in the letter of credit use process to have each kind of risk, soft provision question then was model one kind.

求论文摘要的英文翻译，感激涕零论文中文摘要的翻译实在举步维艰，十分感谢各位好心人帮忙！！信用证已经成为国际贸易最重要的支付方式之一，促进了国际贸易的顺利进行，但是信用证的独立抽象原则以及相关立法的欠缺，使得信用证使用过程中存在各种风险，其中软条款问题便是其中典型的一种。

AT THE REQUEST OF THE ABOVE NAMED ISSUING BANK, WE ARE PLEASED TO ADVISE YOU THAT THE ABOVE SPECIFIED DOCUMENTARY CREDIT HAS BEEN ISSUED IN YOUR FAVOUR. FOR FURTHER DETAILS, PLEASE REFER TO THE ENCLOSED CREDIT INSTRUMENT. AS WE HAVE NOT BEEN INSTRUCTED TO ADD OUR CONFIRMATION, THIS CREDIT IS BEING ADVISED TO YOU WITHOUT ANY ENGAGEMENT OR RESPONSIBILITY ON OUR PARY.

应上述开证行请求，我行很高兴地通知你方，上述跟单信用证已以你方为受益人开出，此外，请参照封入的信用证文件，由于我行未被指示保兑，故本信用证仅通知你方，而我行并不承担任何责任。

The first part is the sum of expected losses of market risk, credit risk and operating risk. The risk of losses in the part should be prevented by reserve for bad debts accrued by commercial banks. The second part is the sum of contingent losses of market risk, credit risk and operating risk at certain confidence level, and the risk of losses in the part should be prevented by capital at risk. The third part is the sum of losses of market risk, credit risk and operating risk that beyond certain confidence level, and the risk of losses in the part should be prevented by deposit insurance system.

第一部分是市场风险、信用风险和操作风险的期望损失之和，该部分损失的风险用商业银行自身提取的损失准备金来防范；第二部分是市场风险、信用风险和操作风险在一定置信水平下的意外损失之和，该部分损失的风险用商业银行自身的风险资本来防范；第三部分是市场风险、信用风险和操作风险超出一定置信水平外的损失之和，该部分损失的风险用存款保险制度来防范。

If the credit is available by negotiation, the amount and date of each negotiation must be noted on the revers of this credit by the bank where the credit is available.

如果信用证是可以议付的，议付银行须将每一次议付金额和日期在背面批注。

Listen,point and check your answers.

听，指出并且检查你的答案。

Warming needle is one of effective treatment methods for knee arthralgia aggravated by cold,and it is simple,safety,so it should be developed in clinical acupuncture and moxibustion extensively.

但以本院科针灸门诊在2005年1月—2006年6月期间共收治膝痛患者100余例，经过临床的诊断后，其中施以温针治疗的48例，疗效显著，报道如下。1临床资料本组病例48