查询词典 covalent

Gemini surfactants are novel surfactant with especial molecule structure, which are made up of at least two hydrophilic groups and two hydrophobic groups. They are connected at the level of the head groups by a spacer groups through chemical bond (covalent bond or electrovalent bond).

孪连表面活性剂是一种结构较为特殊的新型表面活性剂，其分子中至少含有两个亲水基和两条疏水链，在其亲水基或靠近亲水基处，由联接基团通过化学键联接在一起。

Because of the lack of thermal expansion data of galena and sphalerite and to further examine the applicability of Modified Ruffa Model, galena and sphalerite,minerals with strong covalent characteristics, have been studied in detail.

论文还用修正Ruffa模型对前人没有进行过高温热膨胀实验的方铅矿、闪锌矿的热膨胀系数进行了预测和实验验证。实验所得到的热膨胀系数和计算结果具有较好的一致性。

Understand the basic conceptions on homolysis and heterolysis of covalent bonds, and on the nucleophilic substitution and elimination; Grasp the mechanism and stereochemistry of S N 1 and S N 2 reactions; be capable of judging the stability of carbocations; know the factors that can influence the rates of S N 1 and S N 2 reactions; grasp the elimination reactions of haloalkanes, the mechanism and stereochemistry of E1 and E2 reactions.

了解共价键的均裂和异裂及亲核取代反应的基本概念；掌握 S N 1 和 S N 2 反应机理和立体化学；能够判断正碳离子的稳定性；了解影响 S N 1 和 S N 2 反应速率的因素；掌握卤代烷消除反应， E1 和 E2 反应机理和立体化学。

The C atom in ideal graphite crystals is hybridized in sp^2 orbital and forms covalent bonds with adjacent 3 other C atoms. The graphite crystals consist of stacks of parallel hexagonal net planar layers. These layers are integrated with Van der Waals attraction.

理想的石墨晶体是由碳原子以sp^2杂化轨道和邻近的三个碳原子形成共价键，构成六角平面的网状层片结构，层片之间以Van der Waals力相结合。

The chemical bonding is formed the between coating and the substrate. The bond shows a mixed property of covalent bond and ionic bond.

镍晶格和基体粒子之间产生了键合作用，形成的键显示出共价键和离子键的混合性质。

Usually, they are suitable to mixed crystals with metallic bond but not to those with covalent bond or ionic bond.

上述近似方法通常适用于金属键混晶系统，但对于共价键或离子键混晶系统计算结果则不理想。

Ca plays the role of connections between CoO2 and Ca2CoO3 layers, decrease ionic and covalent bond strength, and improving the thermoelectric property.

Ca连接了CoO2和Ca2CoO3层的相互作用，降低了Co-O共价键和离子键强度，改善了热电性能。

Under UV irradiation or heating the ionic bond of the complex converts to covalent bonds.

紫外光照或热处理可使其离子键转化为共价键。

Results indicate that non-covalent bonds, including hydrogen bond and hydrophobic reaction contribute most to the coagulating reaction, while ionic bond and disulfide bond have little effect on the coagulating process.

结果发现凝固过程中的分子间作用力主要是氢键和疏水作用，而离子键和二硫键对凝固过程影响不大。

By analyzing the results,a mixed bonding state is found to exist in CIS,which is a strong ionic bond with a much weaker covalent bond. The interactions between Cu and Se are much stronger than that between In and Se.

计算发现CIS中存在共价键，是一种非典型的离子型晶体，在整个晶体内存在共用电子对，Cu原子和Se原子的作用大于Se原子和In原子。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。