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We have shown that for an Al thickness of about 1.2 nm a transition from strongly ferromagnetically coupled Co and Ni80Fe20 characterised with single hysteresis loops to well separated magnetisation loops evident for weakly coupled layers occurs.

我们已显示，一·厚度，大约 1.2 的好分开磁化循环明显，-助学金网，因为弱耦合的层出现循环的纳米强烈 ferromagnetically 耦合的合作和 Ni80Fe20 转换特色的单一滞后。

According to the energy conservation theory, BOM and CSIM4 were coupled. The BOM has no treatment on transmission solar radiation, which is of great importance when the model is adapted to Arctic Ocean. So the treatment was introduced to BOM. Through numerical test on different lead albedos, it was found that sea ice thickness is not so sensitive to lead albedo, which may be contribute to the lead occupies little ratio within multiyear sea ice pack. The reason of summer over-melt of arctic sea ice is the NCEP reanalysis downward solar radiation being larger than its reality. Then the arctic sea ice climate variability was simulated. Results showed that: simulated ice thickness change is in accord with the submarine investigated mean sea-ice draft changes. Simulated annually maximum ice thickness along the Eurasian continental oceans are closely related to the observed ones. The long-term mean simulated ice motion has the same features of the SSM/I derived ice motion. Sea ice extents in differential sub-regions have same trends comparing to the satellite passive-microwave data derived ones. Simulated ice concentration is closely related to the observed in the Arctic sub-regions. Sea ice flux through the Fram Strait involves ice concentration, motion and thickness. It is a composite criterion for sea ice model evaluation. The simulated ice area and volume export through the strait accord with the satellite derived or statistically reconstructed ones.(5) The simulated ice thickness climate variability and mean sea surface current of the coupled model were analyzed, results showed: the total ice volume in the Arctic Ocean has a significant decreasing trend. The volume variability is of a 10-year timescale oscillation, with two major periods of 12-13a and 18-20a. Mean ice thickness in the arctic sub-seas has different tendencies. It has an increasing trend in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea, and decreasing in the others. The characteristic time scale of 7-10a wherein the river discharges leads the Fram Strait ice volume export is about the period that river water takes to be conveyed across the Arctic Ocean.(6) Using the simulated ice distribution in the Arctic Ocean and China precipitation, air temperature and SST in tropical key regions, the climate teleconnection were studied. Result showed: When the mean sea ice thickness is large in the central Arctic Ocean and Chukchi-Beaufort Sea , and small in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea , the precipitation in South China, Tibetan Plateau, and the north part of Northeastern China are always smaller than normal, and v. v. When the mean ice thickness is small in CA, BC, East Siberian Sea and Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Sea , and large in BL, The air temperature in north-eastern China, the southern of Tibetan Plateau, and Hainan Island, are always lower than normal, and v. v. In addition, when the sea ice is thick in BC and BL, the SST is larger in the middle and eastern Pacific Ocean, and is smaller in the tropical Southeastern Indian Ocean.

由于BOM没有考虑透射太阳辐射的物理过程，研究表明透射太阳辐射对北冰洋的能量收支起到重要作用，因此在BOM模式中引入了对透射太阳辐射的处理；通过对不同水道反照率的数值试验表明海冰厚度对水道反照率的敏感性不强，可能与海冰区水道面积占的比率很小有关；而模式模拟的北极海冰夏季&过度融化&主要源于NCEP再分析资料提供了偏大的太阳短波辐射；对北极海冰的气候变率进行了模拟研究，结果表明：模拟的海冰厚度变化与潜艇探测的海冰吃深度变化具有一致性；模拟和观测的亚欧大陆沿海的年内最大海冰厚度有很好的相关；模拟的海冰移速与长期平均的卫星反演的海冰移速具有相同的速度分布特征；模拟的各个海区海冰面积的变化趋势与卫星反演资料分析的结果基本一致；模拟与观测的主要海洋分区的海冰密集度具有很好的相关：弗瑞姆海峡的海冰体积和面积的输送涉及到海冰密集度、厚度和移动速度，是判断模式模拟能力的一个综合的指标，模式模拟的结果与卫星反演或重建的面积输送、体积输送具有很好的一致性；(5)分析了模拟的北极海冰厚度的气候变率及气候平均表层海流场，结果表明：北极海冰的总体积有显著减少的趋势，北极海冰总体积的变化具有10a际尺度振荡的特点，存在18-20a和12-13a两个主周期；北极海冰的平均厚度在各个海区的变化趋势不同，在巴伦支—喀拉海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海地区海冰厚度有显著的增加趋势，而其它海区存在减少的趋势；通过对模拟的气候平均表层海流的分析表明，北极河流流量超前弗瑞姆海峡海冰流量7-10年的特征时间尺度与表层海流的气候分布存在着必然联系：(6)利用模拟结果以及中国降水、气温和热带关键区SST资料，讨论了北极各海区海冰平均厚度与中国降水、气温以及热带关键区SST的关系，结果表明：在北极中心海区和楚科奇—波弗特海海冰厚度偏大，在巴伦支—喀拉海以及巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏小，则中国降水在华南地区、青藏高原和东北北部降水偏少，反之相反；在北极中心海区、东西伯利亚海、楚科奇—波弗特海以及格陵兰海海冰厚度偏小，在巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大，则在中国东北地区、高原南部地区和海南岛附近气温偏低，反之相反；另外，北极楚科奇—波弗特海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大时，在热带中东太平洋海温偏高，而在热带东南印度洋海温偏低。

Since reform and opening up, the Beijing municipal committee and government have adopted policies of precinct wide development coupled with redeveloping old and dangerous housing,housing reform coupled with improving residential conditions,and integration of market operations and macro controls.

此后，随着城市功能的变化、城市规模的扩大以及城市人口的激增，城市住宅建设一直成为各级、各届政府和居民关心的热点，从这个视角可以反映北京城市的发展过程和对首都城市功能的认识过程。

In one embodiment, a memory device comprises a first memory cell and a second memory cell, wherein the first memory cell comprises a first transistor coupled to a bit line and the second memory cell comprises a second transistor coupled to a bit line bar.

在一实施例中，一种存储装置包含一第一存储单元及一第二存储单元，其中该第一存储单元包含一耦接至一位线的第一晶体管，而该第二存储单元包含一耦接至一位线棒的第二晶体管。

Based on the work flow of charging equipment, three worst work conditions of the clack box were defined. Then, based on thermal-structure coupled theory, the thermal-structure coupled of the clack box which suffered from mechanical and temperature load was analyzed using the powerful software ANSYS. The clack box's temperature field and stress field as well as the stress spectrum of danger area in actual working condition were obtained. Finally, based on crack initiation and crack extension theory, the clack box's fatigue life was predicted.

摘 要：根据装料设备的工作流程，确定阀箱3种最不利的载荷工况；基于热－结构耦合理论并利用有限元分析软件ANSYS研究阀箱在温度载荷和机械载荷作用下的热－结构耦合问题，得到实际工况下阀箱的温度场、应力场以及危险部位的应力谱；依据裂纹萌生和扩展理论对阀箱进行疲劳寿命预测。

The results indicate that the cooling rate of melt droplet that can not break further depends not only on its diameter, but also on its position in atomizing chamber. As a result, the same sized particles in different positions show different cooling rates and two different kinds of microstructures. The cooling rates of melt droplets range from 104 to 108 K/s, and the critical cooling rate for glass formation of Al-Ni-Y is about 105 K/s. Moreover, the corresponding maximum diameter of amorphous particles is 25 μm, which accords well to the theoretical analysis results. The new approach, reflecting the complexity of close-coupled gas atomization objectively, is available and effective to evaluate the cooling behaviors of close-coupled gas atomization.

结果表明：在一定的工艺条件下，紧耦合气雾化存在多种破碎模式，熔滴的冷却速率因直径、雾化位置的差异，相同直径熔滴经历结晶和非晶化2种不同冷却行为；依据Al基合金粉末的粒度分布和微观结构，结合熔体的雾化过程及冷却模式，确定熔滴冷却速率的上、下限；实验得出熔滴的冷却速率为104~108 K/s，Al-Ni-Y合金的非晶化临界冷却速率为105 K/s，能形成非晶态的熔滴最大直径为25 μm左右，实验结果与理论分析结果较吻合，比较客观地反映紧耦合气雾化的复杂过程。

Then, novel, low-cost and high performance direct-coupled E-plane filters and iris-coupled filters are analysed.

接着设计了新颖的、低成本、高性能直耦E面滤波器和膜片耦合滤波器。

In nuclear magnetic resonance system, the interactions between two arbitrary non direct-coupled spins always become very small along with the increasing of their distance. So it is very difficult to realize the information transmission between two non direct-coupled spins.

核磁共振量子计算机在实现多量子位之间的信息传递时，随着量子位的增多，物理距离相距较远的量子位之间的耦合作用会很弱，从而很难在没有耦合的量子位之间直接实现信息的传递。

By the law of conservation of mass, the principle of effective stress and the Darcys law as well as the equilibrium differential equations, a coupled mathematic model that included the terms of source and sink, and its corresponding direct coupled FEA model, for the analysis of groundwater seepage and stress were developed.

其次根据土体的平衡微分方程、质量守恒定律、有效应力原理以及达西定律建立了考虑源汇项的渗流场与应力场耦合数学模型，并且提出了直接耦合有限元计算方法。

In this study, a spur gear coupled theory combined with a spinning composite flexible shaft theory, is used to develop a double spinning composite shafts model that are containing coupled by spur gears.

中文摘要本文主要目的，在结合复合材料旋转轴的理论与齿轮联结理论，导出含齿轮联结效应之双复合材料轴的运动方程式，并探讨系统的振动特性与暂态响应。

Finally it offers the analysis of the fault-tolerance system as well as its test verification.

这样，运行于空间环境中的系统的设计目标就是在保证系统实时性

However, it is still difficult to find out the real reason of the increase of the keratinized gingiva during the orthodontic extrusion whether it is due to the proliferation of the gingival tissue or to its elastic nature, that is because the proliferation of the fibroblasts as well as the connective tissue changes in volume and the intra-fibers spaces were all immeasurable in most of the studies.

然而，仍然难以找到真正的原因增加的角化牙龈在正畸挤压它是否是由于扩散的牙龈组织或其弹性性质，这是因为增殖的成纤维细胞以及作为结缔组织的变化量和内部纤维空格都是不可估量的，大多数的研究。