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The present WTO agreements consist of approximately 150 articles related to special and differential treatment, and these articles fall roughly into three categories'.(1) articles aimed at giving more trading opportunities to developing members;(2) articles demanded a guaranty of developing countries' interests;(3) a kind of flexibility applied to developing countries in promise-making, action-taking and policy-implementation;(4) to permit developing countries to have a more flexible time-table;(5) to provide technical assistance and capability building-up to developing countries;(6) to exercise a more favorable treatment to the least developed countries.

在现行的WTO协定中包含了近150个特殊和差别待遇条款，这些条款大体分为6种类别：（1）旨在增加发展中成员贸易机会的条款；（2）要求发达国家保障发展中国家利益的条款；（3）发展中国家被赋予在承诺、行动和使用政策工具方面的灵活性；（4）允许发展中国家享有更为灵活的实施时间表；（5）对发展中国家提供技术援助和能力建设；（6）对最不发达国家实施更优惠的待遇。

In the last few years,there has been a rapid development of feeder airlines in the United States and in many other countries.

在过去的几年里，出现了快速发展的支线航空公司在美国和其他许多countries。

Different types and levels of development of the countries generally have taken a different political systems, but may also in some ways have the same or similar system; the same type and level of development of the countries generally have the same or similar political systems, but in some areas there may be very different:(1) according to state management form, namely the form of state power points, there is absolute monarchy system of slave society, the nobility republican, democratic republic; State has the absolute monarchy of feudalism, class representative of the monarchy, republican (little city-state has adopted); capitalist countries have constitutional monarchy and democratic republic two types of constitutional monarchy is divided into the dual monarchy such as the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, and a parliamentary monarchy like the United Kingdom, democratic republic is divided into parliamentary cabinet system, the presidential system and the committee system in three forms; of the socialist countries of the Soviet system of the former Soviet Union, former Yugoslavia, the delegation system, China and Cuba and other countries of the people's congress system and so on.

不同类型和发展程度的国家一般都采取不同的政治制度，但也可能在某方面有相同或相似的体制；同一类型和发展程度的国家一般都有相同或类似的政治制度，但在某些方面也可能有很大差异：（1）按国家管理形式即政权组织形式分，奴隶社会有君主专制制、贵族共和制、民主共和制；封建主义国家有绝对君主制、等级代表君主制、共和制；资本主义国家有君主立宪制和民主共和制两大类型，君主立宪制又分为二元君主制如约旦哈希姆王国和议会制君主制如英国，民主共和制又分为议会内阁制、总统制和委员会制三种形式；社会主义国家有原苏联的苏维埃制，原南斯拉夫的代表团制，中国和古巴等国的人民代表大会制等。

The conclusion is that the present economic level of China is approximately equal to that of the developed countries in 1970s, and the present Chinese FDI outflow is approximately equal to that of the developed countries between 1960s and 1970s, and that the Chinese FDI outflow lags behind its economic development. In its demonstration of the industrial transfer limit theory, the paper puts forward its main viewpoint, namely, FDI is a means of transferring behindhand industry and heightening industrial structure adopted by developed countries, but this type of industrial transfer will not move in a cycle and the limit of the transfer will occur inevitably. In other words, FDI is not a means of improving industrial structure for such big developing countries as China and India. The paper, too, advances the theory of institution advantage, holding that the development of Chinese TNCs will not be explained reasonably unless institution advantage is entered into the OIL paradigm. This theory enriches and complements the theory of TNC.

这种研究在笔者所查阅的资料文献中尚属少见，其基本结论是，中国的经济发展相当于发达国家1970年代的水平，但中国对外的FDI相当于其1960 ~1970年代的水平，相显滞后；本文论证了产业转移极限论，主要观点是，对外进行FDI是发达国家转移落后产业，提升自己产业结构的手段，但这种产业转移不能顺次循环下去，必然会出现转移的极限，即对外直接投资不会是中国、印度等较大的发展中国家提升产业结构的手段；本文还提出了制度优势论的观点，即在OIL范式中，还须增加制度优势，方能对中国的跨国公司成长做出合理的解释，这是对跨国公司理论的一个完善和补充。

In October 1993, the Inter-Parliamentary Union held in the Canadian capital of Ottawa,"North-South dialogue to promote world prosperity," the General Assembly will be issued after the "final document", called on developed countries and developing countries to oppose trade protectionism, calls for developed countries to cancel all the poorest government debt, urge developed countries and international financial institutions and direct investment to developing countries to provide technical.

1993年10月，各国议会联盟在加拿大首都渥太华召开《南北对话促进世界繁荣》大会，会后发表了《最后文件》，呼吁发达国家和发展中国家反对贸易保护主义，要求发达国家取消所有最穷国家的政府债务，敦促发达国家及国际金融机构向发展中国家直接投资并提供技术。

And some big countries also started to have a dialogue with the two Korean countries respectively. In the peninsula the lenitive evidence appeared. The mollification of the China-U.S. relations aroused an adjustment for these big countries' relation in this region. China and the United State walked together to deal with Soviet. The mitigation of the two countries' relation made a triangle relation which would

总之，东北亚地区向来受到相关利益大国关系亲疏的影响，中美这两个与东北亚关系密切的大国的关系的改善使得东北亚地区局势发生了由冷战对峙到逐步缓和的过程，由此我们可以大国对地区格局的影响，以及地区内各种政治力量在大国关系改善的时候是如何调整战略以应对这种变化的。

Instead, its real intention is to divide, disrupt and restrain all those countries that confronted with the interests of the United States or those that may become a potential strategic adversary of the U.S."s, so that it can achieve the purpose of weakening or controlling those countries, and finally realize the national interests of the United States and maintain its superpower status and hegemony in the world. The scandal of the U.S. manipulating the "revolution" from behind the scene recur in the "color revolution taking palace in the CIS countries since 2003, which has set and will set the economic development and social stability of even more countries facing severe challenges again.

相反，其真正的意图是要分化、瓦解和遏制一切与美国利益对立或者可能成为美国潜在战略对手的那些国家，以便达到对这些国家进行削弱或控制的目的，从而最大限度地实现美国的国家利益，维护美国世界超级大国和世界霸主的地位。2003年始，发生于独联体国家的"颜色革命"，再现美国幕后操纵的黑幕，这已经使并将会使更多国家的政局与社会稳定和经济发展，再次面临严峻的挑战。

This paper analyzes the developmental trends of Southeast Asian countries' policies towards the South China Sea issue in post cold war period from three levels: conflicting countries in the South China Sea disputes; non-conflicting countries in the South China Sea disputes; ASEAN countries.

本文主要从南海争端方国家、非南海争端方国家、东盟3个层次分析了冷战后东南亚国家南海政策的发展动向。

In the West, countries like the United States, Canada and Australia are fairylands for major malfeasants; countries and regions in friendly relationship with China Taiwan, such as some countries of the Central America and island countries of the Pacific Ocean, are regarded as shelters by some malfeasants; some subsidiary malfeasants prefer to stay peripheral countries with lower living costs, like Thailand, Burma, Malaysia, Mongolia and Russia; another group of malfeasants currently hide themselves in countries in Africa, South America and East Europe, waiting for chance to move to "safe places"......

在西方国家中，美国、加拿大和澳大利亚等成了大贪官的&乐园&；与中国台湾关系&友好&的国家和地区，例如中美洲一些国家和太平洋岛国，被一些贪官看成是庇护所；一些小贪官喜欢躲在生活成本较低的周边国家，如泰国、缅甸、马来西亚、蒙古和俄罗斯等；还有一些腐败分子目前正藏身于非洲、南美和东欧国家，伺机向&安全的地点&转移。。。。。。

In the space of 20 weeks, the world's biggest photo contests, Digital Camera magazine's Photographer of the Year, received a massive 101,000 online entries from 126 countries.

&&在20个星期的空间，世界上最大的摄影比赛，数码相机杂志的年度最佳摄影，收到了126 countries。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。