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The causes of shield tunnel defections could be divided into six branches: the segment dislocations, lining material deterioration and seepage. etc. Fault trees are also founded to illustrate each branch. 23 quantitative elements from the fault trees are selected to serve as the diagnosis indexes, all of which could be applied in engineering practice. By using the AHP method, a 3-level diagnosis index system is established. Afterwards, the procedure of setting up the quantitative judging criteria is given, as well as the relative index weight of index layer, by using the improved Analytic Hierarchy Process-multiplication scale method. At last, the values of corresponding parameters of membership functions are set, with the Cauchy distribution model.

将盾构隧道常见病害成因分为管片错位、衬砌材质劣化以及渗漏水等6个子系，对每个子系构建了病害故障树；从工程应用角度出发，从故障树中选取了23个可定量化因素作为评价指标，通过层次分析法建立了三层病害评价指标体系；对体系中单一评价指标的定量化分级方法进行简述，并给出所有指标的建议分级标准，采用改进的层次分析法－乘积标度法确定了各评判指标之间的相对权重；确定了基于Cauchy分布模型的隶属函数的关键参数。

The author mainly presents his ideas in this thesis from the following aspects: To perfect Chinese sports law, China should have its own sports arbitration system so that the law could catch up with the development of Chinese sports and international sports as well; Sports arbitration should aim at fairness and effectiveness; The popularity of sports arbitration institutions and the lawfulness of arbitration procedures and verdict effect make sports arbitration quasi-judicial; As long as sports arbitration is listed in the regulations of sports organizations, it could be applied for its compulsiveness; Sports arbitration is supposed to address the disputes caused by the disciplinary punishment, and that caused by the such major problems like the registration, circulation, and qualifications of the sportsman, and disputes caused by the contracts in sports activities; Mediation procedure and immediate arbitration procedure should be given special attention in the establishment of arbitration procedures; Sports arbitrators should be neutral in solving disputes, and should be a qualified sports worker.

本文认为，为完善中国体育法制建设，适应中国竞技体育发展的实际需求并与国际惯例接轨，中国应尽快设立体育仲裁制度；体育仲裁的价值目标应该是公正和效益；体育仲裁机构的民间性及仲裁程序和裁决效力的司法性，使得体育仲裁的性质具有准司法性；体育仲裁具有强制性的特征，只要体育组织的章程中有体育仲裁的规定，即可申请体育仲裁；体育仲裁的范围应限于竞技体育领域中因体育组织的纪律处罚所引起的纠纷，因运动员注册、流动、转会以及参赛资格等体育专业问题所引起的纠纷，因竞技体育活动中的合同关系所引起的纠纷。体育仲裁的程序建构要突出调解程序和快速仲裁程序；体育仲裁员必须确保中立并且其素质群中还应具备体育知识的素质。

The author mainly presents his ideas in this thesis from the following aspects: To perfect Chinese sports law, China should have its own sports arbitration system so that the law could catch up with the development of Chinese sports and international sports as well; The popularity of Sports arbitration institutions and the lawfulness of arbitration procedures and verdict effect make sports arbitration quasi-judicial; As long as sports arbitration is listed in the regulations of sports organizations, it could be applied for its compulsiveness; sports arbitration is supposed to address the disputes caused by the such major problems like the registration, circulation, and qualifications of the sportsman, and disputes caused by the contracts in sports activities; Mediation procedure and immediate arbitration procedure should be given special attention in the establishment of arbitration procedures; Sports arbitration should be neutral in solving disputes, and should be a qualified sports worker.

本文认为，为完善中国体育法制建设，适应中国竞技体育发展的实际需求并与国际惯例接轨，中国应尽快设立体育仲裁制度：体育仲裁机构的民间性以及仲裁程序和裁决效力的司法性，使得体育仲裁的性质具有准司法性；体育仲裁机构应具有民间性特征，体育仲裁员必须确保中立并具有体育知识素质；体育仲裁具有强制性的特征，只要体育组织的章程或规则中有体育仲裁的规定，即可申请体育仲裁；体育仲裁的范围应限于竞技体育领域中因体育组织的纪律处罚所引起的纠纷，因运动员注册、转会、流动以及参赛资格等体育专业问题所引起的纠纷，因竞技体育活动中的合同关系引起的纠纷等；体育仲裁的程序建构要突出调解程序和快速仲裁程序；体育仲裁也应具有类似于国际商事仲裁的"一裁终局"的效力；由于自身的缺陷，法院可以对体育仲裁裁决予以适当的司法审查，给当事人一个程序化的救济权利的机制。

There are mainly three reasons for doing so: first, the readers of financial periodicals are much easier to be distinguished from other bourgeois readers; next, the operational ways of financial periodicals portray vividly in which field medium are investing in recently, this phenomena could be counterevidence to prove the powerful influence of bourgeois periodical on the society as a whole; finally, common problems in all the bourgeois periodicals are easier to be discerned in financial ones. The choke point that might well happened in the process of orientating a certain periodical is the object of being orientated, that is, the recipients, who are human beings equipped with infinite-possible mind and infinite-potential body, as well as self-initiative consciousness and self-determining behaviour.

论文选取目标人群为中产阶层的财经期刊作为研究对象的原因有三：一是财经期刊的消费主体较其他类型的期刊来说更集中于本论文所界定的中产阶层；二是财经期刊的运营很能说明近期的媒体投资热现象，而这一现象可以证明中产期刊的总体社会影响力不可小觑；三是财经期刊品牌建设是期刊产业化链条思路的有力代表。

This could meant presumably the single of dual things: which her name was initial Isabela prior to apropos the nun as well as afterwards altered it to Josepha, or her initial name is Isabela as well as she chooses to go by her center name, Josepha.

这可能意味著大概是单一双的东西：她的名字最初伊莎贝拉前中肯的尼姑，以及后来改变它约瑟，或她最初的名字是伊莎贝拉以及她选择的是她中心的名字，约瑟。

Their seasonal variations were related with vegetation characteristics such as leaf area index and canopy height as well as wind speed.d had a close linear relationship with h,and the variations of Z0 with h could be expressed by quadric curves.d/h and Z0/h were nearly correlated with LAI,and multiple correlation coefficient could be 0.99 and 0.78,respectively.

芦苇湿地的Z0和d的季节变化主要受叶面积指数、株高及风速的影响。d随h的增加而单调增加，Z0随着h的变化遵循二次曲线，d/h、Z0/h与LAI之间的复相关系数分别为0.99和0.78。

If therefore the executive, who has the power of convoking the legislative, observing rather the true proportion, than fashion of representation, regulates, not by old custom, but true reason, the number of members, in all places that have a right to be distinctly represented, which no part of the people however incorporated can pretend to, but in proportion to the assistance which it affords to the public, it cannot be judged to have set up a new legislative, but to have restored the old and true one, and to have rectified the disorders which succession of time had insensibly, as well as inevitably introduced: For it being the interest as well as intention of the people, to have a fair and equal representative; whoever brings it nearest to that, is an undoubted friend to, and establisher of the government, and cannot miss the consent and approbation of the community; prerogative being nothing but a power, in the hands of the prince, to provide for the public good, in such cases, which depending upon unforeseen and uncertain occurrences, certain and unalterable laws could not safely direct; whatsoever shall be done manifestly for the good of the people, and the establishing the government upon its true foundations, is, and always will be, just prerogative.

所以，如果拥有召集立法权力的执行权力，遵从真正的比例而不是代表制的表面形式，根据真正的理性而不是旧的习俗来管理所有有权利被清楚的代表的地方的代表人数，这种代表人数任何地方都不能自我宣称，而必须与它提供给公众的支持相称，这不能被认为是建立了一种新的立法权力，而是恢复了旧的和真正的立法权力，并矫正了由于时间流逝不知不觉所继承的和不可避免的引入所产生的混乱：因为既然拥有公正和平等的代表机构是人们的利益和意图所在；无论是谁使它更接近这一目标，谁便无可置疑的是这样的政府的朋友和奠基者，并不会得不到共同体的同意和许可；特殊权力也仅仅是一种权力，在取决于无法预见和不确定的事件的情况下，确定的和不可变更的法律不能安全的引导，于是君主行使它来为公众的利益服务；无论做什么，只要明显的是为人们的利益并将政府建于它真正的基础之上，是并且总是正当的特殊权力。

Effect of sulfurization time, water content, oil as well as sulfur on spontaneous combustion of iron sulfide is investigated on the same sulfide formed from Fe2O3. It indicates that long sulfurization time, some oil, sulfur as well as good ventilation condition could accelerate oxidation and temperatures rise, but uncertain water content and poor ventilation condition lessen the spontaneous combustion tendency.

以Fe2O3的硫化产物为典型样品，研究了硫化时间、水分、油品、硫及通风条件对硫化铁氧化升温特征的影响，结果表明，硫化时间长，适量的油品和硫以及良好的通风条件能够加速硫化铁升温过程，而一定的水分及不良的通风条件则降低了硫化铁的自燃倾向性。

Li-lei get the understanding of the mysteries of the "Tao", the profundities of the "Dhyana", and knew well the mystery of the theory of One painting. By the spirit of being above worldly considerations, he upgraded his artistic conception, looked the "painting trace" as the record of the "heart trace", integrated the painting meaning with the poet meaning, as well as improved the rational "Tao" and the Dhyana to the stage of poet. All these could be regard as the "mixture of emotion and rationality" in Li-lei's abstract art creation.

李磊参悟了&道&的玄妙、&禅&的高深，也读懂了石涛&一画经&物我两忘、离形取智的奥秘，以超然物外的&本我&抒写寄兴的精神，提升自我境界，把&画迹&只是作为&心迹&的记录，并且把画境与诗境融为一体，所营造的形而上达到是一种境界形态的形而上，也即是将理性的&道&和&禅&上升到诗的境界，这也可视作是李磊抽象艺术创作中的另一种&情理交汇&。

Because defends external national the invasion, must need the quite firm fortification or the castle, therefore the ancient babylonian can not but use crops' as well as bushes and so on plant's the straw stalk makes the fuel, makes certain shape the soil to burn the quite solid brick bat to do for the main building material, uses for the building big city wall and the fortress, and displayed the acme, therefore only then north two river basin edge mountainous area, only then appeared certain scale stone system construction, but compared the ancient Egypt's stone system creation on "big Wu Jianxiao" Wu, because the soil burn brick or at that time burns the technical limit, basicIs unable to compare with the hard rock, although the brick uses, extremely nimble and may the rapid construction broad in scale building or the urban cluster, but radically is unable to achieve actually Shi Zhi constructs that kind of altitude as well as in time eternal degree, therefore is called by the historian the world ancient times one of seven wonders of the world "the airborne garden" has become on the ruins historical miracle, now only then also in continues in the decency the remnant brick to break the tile to relate once magnificently with glory, long-time, all vestiges could even more be not much left.

由于防御外来民族的侵扰，必须需要比较坚固的防御工事或者城堡，因此古巴比伦人不得不用农作物以及茅草等等植物的秸秆做燃料，把制成一定形状的泥土烧制成比较结实的砖块来做为主要的建筑材料，用来建筑高大的城墙和堡垒，并发挥到了极致，因此只有在两河流域北部的边缘山区，才出现了一定规模的石制建筑，但相比古埃及的石制创作就&大巫见小巫&了，由于泥土烧制的砖或受当时烧制技术的限制，根本无法与坚硬的岩石相比，虽然砖使用起来，非常灵活并可以迅速的建造规模宏大的建筑物或者城市群，但却根本无法达到石制建筑的那种高度以及在时光中的永恒程度，于是被史学家称为世界古代七大奇迹之一的&空中花园&就成了废墟上的历史奇迹了，如今只有还在继续风化中的残砖断瓦在诉说着曾经的辉煌与荣耀，更长久一点，一切遗迹就会更加的所剩无几了。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。