查询词典 costate

While it existed a fettle with social delamination which rooted adhere relation and number of fortune,the standard of costate and normal social delamination was potency、 education and morality that social unit had hold,it also decided personal position in the society.

其实质是社会过程中存在的社会利益关系及其不平等的利益分配格局在认知主体观念中的反映，与我们知识背景场中的阶级、阶层的概念意义相同。

A costate prediction method based on bilinear model is presented. Using simple general model, two implemental DISOPElike algorithms based on Hopfield network and on temporal decomposition method are proposed respectively.

同时对于具有终端状态等式约束问题，建立了基于时变线性模型的递推DISOPE算法；对于非齐次双线性二次型问题提出了一个迭代算法，并且给出了该算法收敛的充分条件；给出了基于双线性模型的协状态预测算法；利用一般模型，分别提出了基于Hopfield网络和时间分解方法的DISOPE算法。

The maximum principle of the optimal control for the stochastic systems described by Zakaj stochastic partial sifferential equationis proved by approximately minimum point theorem of E. Ekeland. The convexity and compactness of the set of control values is not assumed, and it is not necessary for the maximum principle about differentiability in control variables included in drift term of the stoch astic system and the integrand in index functional, and costate process satisfies the stochastic partial ...

在不假便定控制变量取值的集合是凸的和紧的，不要求随机系统的漂移项和指标泛函的被积函数关于控制变量具有可微性的情况下，用E，Ekeland的近似极小点定理证明了Zakai随机偏微分方程描述的随机系统的最优控制的最大值原理，和用很简洁的方法证明了协态过程满足一个随机偏微分方程。

State variables at left end of time interval and costate at right end of time interval were taken as independent mixed variables, and the state and costate variables inside the time interval were approximated by Lagrange interpolation. Nonlinear optimal control problems were replaced by nonlinear equations through dual variable principle, and the symplectic algorithm for solving nonlinear optimal control problems can be obtained at the same time.

以时间区段一端状态和另一端协态作为混合独立变量，在时间区段内采用拉格朗日插值近似状态变量与协态变量，然后利用对偶变量变分原理并将非线性最优控制问题转化为非线性方程组的求解，最终得到求解非线性动力学系统最优控制问题的保辛数值方法。

Bracteate, 1-many-flowered. Sepals outside not longitudinally costate or winged.

至多数花。萼片外面不具纵肋或纵翅。

As a result, it shows thatthe static or dynamic subsystem optimum alone is not equal to the system optimum. Three initial value problems met in the optimal design of flying vehicle are studied andconclusions are derived that: orthogonal test method can be adopted to decide the initial valueof static optimization problem, some mathematical techniques can be used to deal with thecostate variables of Maximum Principle and decide the initial value of the costate variable,the indirect method can be used to get the analytical solution under ideal case to guide thechoice of the initial control curve in the direct method. With some numerical examples oftrajectory optimization, it shows that all these methods are useful not only in accelerating theconvergence but also in converging to the global optimum.

针对飞行器优化设计中的三种初始值问题进行了研究，以远程弹道导弹弹道的工程优化为例说明，对于静态优化问题，采用正交试验法选取初始值，不仅可以大大加快收敛的速度，而且更有可能收敛到全局最优解；以气动力辅助变轨问题为例说明，用共态变量的一阶泰勒级数展开可以解决极大值原理中共态变量初值难于确定的问题；以二级弹道导弹的主动段弹道优化为例说明，利用间接法在理想情况下得到的解析解来指导直接法初始控制曲线的选择，将大大有利于提高直接法的收敛速度。

State variables at left end of time interval and costate at right end of time interval were taken as independent mixed variables,and the state and costate variables inside the time interval were approximated by Lagrange interpolation.

以时间区段一端状态和另一端协态作为混合独立变量，在时间区段内采用拉格朗日插值近似状态变量与协态变量，然后利用对偶变量变分原理并将非线性最优控制问题转化为非线性方程组的求解，最终得到求解非线性动力学系统最优控制问题的保辛数值方法。

Racemes terminal, abbreviated, often nearly capitate. Pedicel recurved in fruit, 4--10(--18) mm. Calyx lobes lanceolate, 8--11 X 1--1.5 mm, abaxially pubescent, costate.

Pedicel在果期弯曲，4-10(-18)毫米萼裂片披针形，8-11 X 1-1.5毫米，背面具短柔毛，具中脉。

The stability problems are analyzed and discussed. The optimal control problem is formulated to determine the necessary conditions for optimality in networks. Three theorems about the properties of the steady state-costate solution in Hamilton function are confirmed leading to the natrual meaning and the optimal policy which can be implemented in practice. In chapter Ⅴ, the methods for nonstationary simulation of computer networks are discussed.

第四章表述了计算机通信网动态特性研究的主要数字方法；提出了排队与随机存取机制、网络链路传输和节点分流的状态空间模型，并作了稳定性研究；应用最优控制理论得到网络最优控制的必要条件，证明了哈密尔顿函数协状态变量的稳定解性质，据此研究分析了网络最优控制的本质意义及实现途径，并给出计算及建模实例。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。