查询词典 cost-push inflation

Cost-plus pricing system 成本加成定价法 cost price 成本价格 cost pricing 成本定价法 cost-push inflation A type of inflation caused largely by wage price spiral, that consists of upward pressure on the cost of production caused by wage increases, followed by price increase, then further wage increases and so on.

成本推动型通货膨胀指主要由工资-价格螺旋上升所造成的一种通货膨胀，包括工资的增加对生产成本造成的向上的压力，引起物价上涨，然后工资再增加，如此循环上升。

REITs, Taiwan is way behind very much; the type of merchandize and figure are also inferior to U.S.A. far , regarding Taiwan as the difficulty that the research object has materials to collect , so research this choose the monthly REITs rate of returns of U.S.A between July of 1983 and June of 2006 , and make use of ARMA-GARCH model on the time series to estimate the expand inflation and uncertainty of expecting to inflation. Moreover, by assaying and revising a false return question of parameter with VAR model and Granger cause and effect, studying the relation of REITs rate of returns, inflation and unexpecting inflation. Furthermore, discussing if the invest in REITs would be effected of resist the inflation; hoping this studying would be the reference of REITs remuneration for Taiwan in the future. The following informations contain the whole result of studying

然而台湾相较於美国REITs起步较晚，商品种类与数目亦远不及美国，以台湾为研究对象有资料搜集之困难，故本研究选取美国1983年7月~ 2006年6月之月REITs报酬率，并利用时间序列上之ARMA-GARCH模型来估计预期通膨及通膨不确定性；及以VAR模型及Granger因果检定修正变数间假性回归问题，研究REITs报酬率与通膨及通膨不确定间之关系，及探讨投资於REITs是否具有抗通膨之效果，希望作为未来台湾研究REITs报酬之参考，兹将研究结果汇整如下

A univariate ANOVA is executed to analyze the influencing factors of the production cost by dividing it into direct material, direct labor cost, indirect cost and total cost separately. It is found that the variables of farm scale and crop type show significant impacts in the direct labor cost and total production cost. The one-crop farming variable makes significant difference in the total production cost; whereas different planting ways differentiates the indirect cost. In addition, years of farming, farmer's age, and full-time status all make no significant difference in all aspects of production cost.

此外，将农场生产成本分为直接材料、直接人工、间接成本、总生产成本四面向进行多因子变异数分析，结果发现耕作面积、作物类型变项仅在有机农场的直接人工和总生产成本中有显著差异；有机农场是否为单一经营在总生产成本上有显著差异；不同栽培方式的有机农场仅在间接成本的高低上有显著差异；此外，而耕作年数变项因本研究有机农场耕作年数较高之样本特性影响，导致该变项对生产成本并无显著的差异；年龄、专兼业经营等变项在生产成本上高低并无显著差异。

The chapter four to chapter eight analyze the railway engineering cost making standard from the sides respectively including railway engineering quotation, railway quotation direct cost, site administration cost, construction measurement cost, indirect cost and profit, analyze the key factor which influencing cost, confirm the scientificity and rationality of the current cost making standard basing on field measuring data, bring forward the advise of the ways and method of reducing invest and cost, and bring forward the opinion and advice for improve and perfect the current railway cost making standard.

第4～8章分别从铁路工程定额、铁路定额直接费、现场管理费、施工措施费、间接费和利润等方面对铁路工程造价计价标准进行分析，分析影响费用的关键因素，依靠实测数据检验现行各项计价标准的科学性与合理性，提出降低投入、减少成本支出的途径和方法的建议，并对现行铁路计价标准提出改进和完善的意见和建议。

The crosscheck of several empirical tests suggests that inflation expectation is heavily influence by past actual inflation. The best way to anchoring inflation expectation is to maintain low and stable inflation all the time.

本论文中的几种检验都表明，我国消费者的通货膨胀预期在很大程度上受到通货膨胀历史情况的影响，要稳定通货膨胀预期的最佳方法就是始终保持低且稳定的通货膨胀率。

Based on the analysis in the previous chapters,the article dialyze inflation targeting which is an operational paradigm of the forward-looking interest.By analyzing inflation targeting and its international practice of experiences, the paper point out that the practice of inflation targeting is flexible.And in practice inflation targeting is essentially regular discretion.

在前述分析的基础上，文章对作为前瞻性利率政策操作范式的通货膨胀目标制及其国际实践经验进行透析，指出实践中的通货膨胀目标制都是弹性的通货膨胀目标制，而这种操作范式本质上是一种&有规则的相机抉择&。

First of all, it reviews the academic viewpoints around the causes and the governance of last inflation, although the different viewpoints have explained this inflation from one side, but haven't reached a consensus. Through the analysis of the data of the economic operation, compared with all the inflations since reform and opening up and the global economic situation, it makes a summary of the basic characteristics of the current round of inflation, and analyzes the direct causes of the current round of inflation as well as the underlying causes.

首先对学术界围绕我国上一轮通货膨胀成因及治理的争论进行综述，虽然各种观点都从一个侧面阐释了本轮通货膨胀的成因，但没有取得共识，通过对经济运行数据的分析，与改革开放以来历次通货膨胀情况的纵向比较、与全球经济形势的横向比较，概括了本轮通货膨胀的基本特征，探讨了本轮通货膨胀的直接成因以及深层原因。

There are some main conclusions of the article. 1.Enterprise inclines to decision-making according to its profit, so constituting and anglicizing green institutions from the view of enterprise will advantage their microcosmic base, then can improve their adaptive abilities and green effects. 2.Government has powers and some potential advantages, but it inheres of some defects, so it should not become the principle parter but the urger, waiter and superintendent of the green transition process. 3.According to social cost and the situation of the social environment, we should adopt a gradual transition stratagem on the whole in the process. 4.We can classify the enterprise green transition into three kinds by the dominant factor in the push-drag-model, push-dominant mode, drag-dominant mode and friction-tight state. Different green policies should giveto different transition mode in odor to getting a good green effect. 5.The costs of enterprise have three levels by the point of view of sustainable development, apparent cost in generation, dormant cost in generation and intergenerational cost. The priority of green system should adjust to the level to which the benefits of the enterprise amount.

本文得出的主要结论有：1、企业具有相机决策的倾向，从企业的角度分析和制定绿色制度可以使政策具有较强的微观基础，进而可以提高它的适应性和绿色效果。2、政府具有暴力潜能，也具有固有的不足，在绿色制度变迁的过程中应该且只能是倡导者、服务者、监督与维护者，而不是主体参与者。3、综合考虑社会成本与社会环境，渐进式的总体推进模式是我国目前较为现实的选择。4、本文建立了企业绿色变迁推拉模型，并根据促使企业绿色转变的主导因素的不同，将企业绿色变迁的模式分为拉力主导型、推力主导型与摩擦状态三种类型，不同的类型应采取不同的绿色政策才能收到良好的绿色效果。5、从可持续发展的角度可以将企业的生产成本分为代内隐性成本、代内显性成本和代际成本三个层次，对于收益处于不同层次的企业，绿色制度的侧重点应有所不同。6、根据企业与政府在绿色制度变迁过程中所起的作用的不同可以将绿色制度变迁分为强制供给型、政府导向型、需求诱导型三种模式。

In view of the not high whole level of cost control of our construction enterprise, lacks the feasibility strong cost control method. The construction enterprise cost has one -sidedness to control the idea, workers cost consciousness of enterprise is not strong, construct enterprise cost is remain current situation during the course of constructing, etc. The thesis submits the focal point of every stages of cost controlling and the method and theory of cost control.

针对我国建筑业企业成本控制水平整体不高，缺乏可操作性强的成本控制方法，建筑业企业成本控制理念存在片面性，建筑业企业职工成本意识不强，施工企业成本控制只停留在施工阶段等现状，本论文拟从投标到竣工验收的全过程为研究对象，提出了各阶段成本控制工作的重点和成本控制方法。

I anticipate the cost-push inflation will spread to general inflation in the coming months, which may shake the bond market.

本人预计，在今后几个月里，成本推动型通货膨胀将发展成普遍的、可能震撼债券市场的通货膨胀。

Alternatively, the con- trollers can use the synchronous rectifier itself or loss- less inductor current-sensing methods to provide overload protection with lower power dissipation.

另外，康威特罗勒斯可以使用同步整流器本身或亏损减少电感电流检测方法，以提供低功耗过载保护。

Mr. Dauber's other Schatz hangs in his home movie studio.

多伯把沙兹的另一件作品挂在家里的电影室。