查询词典 cost of living index

Taking landscape pattern fractal model and Landsat TM/ETM images in 1995 and 2000 as the basic data,the spatialtemporal database of land use in Chongqing City was established; and using fractal model of landscape pattern,fractal dimension and stability index of landscape pattern,landscape diversity index,landscape apartness index,landscape fragmentation index,landscape evenness index and landscape dominance index were obtained.

采用1995和2000年Landsat TM/ETM影像为基础数据，提取并建立土地利用空间数据库，应用景观空间格局分形模型，获取景观类型的分形维数和稳定性指数以及景观多样性指数、分离度指数、破碎度指数、均匀度指数和优势度等指标。

The following is a list of topics to be covered: index number approach (fixed basket approach, test approach, economic approach, stochastic approach, and Divisia approach), chain index and chained index, hedonic price index, macroeconomic price index, stock market price index, inflation measurement, and economic growth rate measurement.

本课程的主要内容包括：指数方法（指数的固定篮子方法、指数的检验方法、指数的经济方法、指数的随机方法、指数的 Divisia 方法）、环比指数与链式指数、 Hedonic 价格指数、宏观经济价格指数、证券市场价格指数、通货膨胀测度、经济增长率测度。

The influences of the shock thickness and Alfven waves on the particle acceleration by diffusive shock waves are numerically studied through solving one-dimensional diffusive equation including the second-order Fermi effect. It is shown that the spectral index of the energetic particles strongly depends on the shock thickness. For example, the spectral index increases from 2.1 to 3.7 in the low energy range of 3-10 MeV and from 2.5 to 5.0 in the high energy range of 20-60 MeV as the thickness increases. The spectral index decreases from 4.3 to 3.1 as the particle injection energy increases. The spectral index decreases from 4.0 to 1.8 at the quasi-steady stage with the enhancement of the compression ratio from 2 to 4. The results indicate that under the influence of Alfven waves, the energetic particle spectrum at lower energy becomes flat and the spectral index decreases from 2.5 to 0.6 in the low energy range of 3-10 MeV and from 11.6 to 5.0 in the high energy range of 20-60 MeV. At the same time, the rollover energy reaches 19.6 MeV. The spectral index decreases from 5.8 to 2.9 as the energy density of Alfven waves increase. All these results are basically consistent with the theoretical models, as well as the observations of typical energetic particle events.

通过数值求解包含二阶费米加速的一维扩散方程，探讨在准平行激波条件下激波厚度和级联阿尔芬波对粒子加速的影响，研究粒子分布函数的演化与激波厚度和阿尔芬波强度的内禀关系，计算结果表明：(1)考虑激波厚度时，谱指数明显依赖于激波厚度，随着厚度从0.32增大到2.56，低能端(3-10MeV)谱指数逐渐从2.1增加到3.7，高能端(20-60MeV)谱指数从2.4增大到5.0，能谱逐渐变软；当初始注入粒子动量增大1.3倍，质子能谱指数从4.3减小到3.1，且与零厚度激波加速的谱指数差值缩小；厚度不变时，随着压缩比从2增加到4，准稳态分布时低能端(3-10MeV)粒子能谱指数逐渐从4.0减小到1.8谱变硬；(2)在级联阿尔芬波的影响下，随着时间的增大，粒子在低能处(3-10MeV)的谱指数从2.5减小到0.6高能端(20-60MeV)谱指数从11.6减小到5.0，能谱变硬，拐点能量值从7.5MeV增大到为19.6MeV；随着波的能量密度增大，谱指数从5.8减小到2.9，这表明阿尔芬波强度越大，加速效率越高，通过与激波厚度解析结果和高能粒子事件的观测能谱比较发现两者是一致的，说明数值模拟结果是可靠的。

Under the consideration of the formlessness of strategic resources, author designed a measure index system for strategic performance, including customer index, internal business index, innovation and learning index, human resource index, financial index.

战略实施中最关键的问题是如何实现激励相容，也就是实现战略目标和短期经营目标、组织目标和个人目标的一致。

The metrics include patch density, largest patch index, edge density, area-weighted shape index distribution, area- weighted fractal index distribution, mean Euclidean nearest neighbor distance dlstributlon,standard deviation of Euclidean nearest neighbor distance distribution, coefficients of variation of Euclidean nearest neighbor distance distribution, contagion, interspersion and juxtaposition index, cohesion, Shannon's diversity index and Simpson's diversity index.

根据生态区划计算描述中国陆地景观结构的13种景观结构指数，包括斑块密度、最大斑块指数、边界密度、面积加权斑块形状指数、面积加权斑块分维度、平均最近斑块距离、最近斑块距离的标准差、最近斑块距离的相异系数、蔓延度、分布邻接指数、结合度、香农多样性指数、辛普森多样性指数。

Across the altitudinal gradient, a total of 12635 individuals belonging to 6 phyla, 15 classes and 33 orders were collected. With increasing altitude, the density of soil fauna decreased, but the group number was less affected. There was a higher co-occurrence of soil faunal communities along the altitudinal gradient, and Nematoda, Acarina, and Collembola were the dominant groups. Below the altitude 370 m, the Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou index, and Margalef abundance index increased with increasing altitude; while above the altitude 370 m, the Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index decreased but the abundance index increased after an initial slight decrease.

结果表明：土壤动物密度随海拔升高而下降，类群数受海拔影响较小，各海拔群落的共有度较高，优势类群基本均为线虫、蜱螨目和弹尾目；Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou均匀度指数及Margalef丰富度指数仅在海拔370 m以下随海拔升高而增加，而在海拔370 m以上，Shannon-Wiener指数与Pielou均匀度指数下降，丰富度指数在略有下降后再次上升。

TIA as one project examination and approval procedures , need its corresponding examination and approval index, author from system appraisal angle , divide every index to TIA into four kinds according to their appraisable characteristic, namely basic background index, ensuring supply index, appraising the influencing index and improving synthetically index.

交通影响评价作为一项工程审批程序，需要有其对应的审批指标，作者从系统评价角度，将交通影响评价的各项指标按其评价特点分为四类：基础背景性指标、保障供给性指标、评价影响性指标和综合改善性指标。

Landscape difference are not relative with biota index in this research. There are negative between MPFD index and bird index in class level, it meas the mor complex of the land patch shape the lower dird index. And last in LSIM index are negative relative with bird index.

在土地利用层级的地景歧异度分析与生物的歧异度分析结果在本研究中没有相关，在土地利用类别层级的指数计算方面，碎型维度与鸟类歧异度呈现负相关，表示土地使用形状越复杂，鸟类歧异度越小；而最大地景比例的部份，则与鸟类歧异度成负相关。

"Davidia involucrate" was a rare valuable and endangered plant in China. In this article, We studied the distribution pattern of its population with t test of Dispersal index, X^2 test of Poisson distribution and F test of Morisita's index. Its assemble intensity is also analyzed through Negative binomial index, Green's index, Lloyd's index and Patchness index.

采用扩散系数的t检验、Poisson分布的x^2拟合检验及Morisita指数的F检验来研究珙桐种群的空间分布格局类型，用负二项参数、Green指数和Lloyd的平均拥挤度m(上标*与聚块性指标来研究珙桐的聚集强度。

While for some indexes,such as length of medial longitudinal arch,length of lateral longitudinal arch,height of first metatarsophalangeal articulations,there is no longer changing with increasing load after adapting to a relatively lighter load.There is marked difference on the foot shapes between different items youth track man,especially for the throwers.Finally,five dimensions of foot morphological characteristics were found to establish the foot-shape-index-system,which are respectively metatarsophalangeal index,heel index,ankle index,arch of foot index and length of foot index,including 15 items.

更多载荷变化的影响；我国青年田径运动员的内侧纵弓长、外侧纵弓长、第一跖趾高、足背高、拇趾偏角、足跟面积等指标在一定载荷范围内变化明显，但超过承重范围则不再因载荷增大而变化；不同专项的青年田径运动员的足部外形指标间存在明显差异，以投掷项目运动员的差异最为突出；足长度指标、跖趾部指标、足弓部指标、足跟部指标、足踝部指标共15项内容为代表我国青年田径运动员足部外形特征的指标体系。

I was up all night because I was in pain, she said.

我整夜，因为我在疼痛，她说。

A crow caws /craoks.

乌鸦叫。 51-论文网