查询词典 cost book

Based on the study and inheritance of the domestic and overseas achievement in the related field, this thesis makes research into the theory and application: On theory, this thesis puts forward the concepts of Engineering Cost, Engineering Cost Management and Engineering Cost Estimation, analyzes the relation between them; And it introduces the factors which influence the engineering cost estimation, then puts forward the study of the methods; It particularizes the common methods of estimating the engineering cost, introduces the principle, the operation and the application condition, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each method; By introducing the mention, the principle, the reasoning process and the comparison with the traditional reasoning mechanisms, it makes out the essence of this method, and views it as a whole.

本文在研究、继承已有国内外研究成果的基础上，在理论和应用方面都进行了研究：理论方面，提出了工程造价、工程造价管理、工程造价估算的概念，分析之间的相互关联；介绍工程造价估算的影响因素，提出对编制方法的探讨；列举出目前常用的工程造价估算方法，介绍各种方法的原理、使用方法及应用条件，分析各自的优缺点；通过介绍基于案例推理的提出、基本原理、推理过程和与传统推理机制的比较，剖析该方法的精髓，对其有了整体把握。应用方面，基于对研究对象的深刻理解，分析了工程造价估算问题和基于案例推理二者结合的必要性和可行性；建立了基于案例推理的工程造价估算系统，综合运用模糊数学、灰色理论、运筹学等知识，构造了系统算法；并运用上述理论和方法进行了实例分析，实现了基于案例推理的工程造价估算问题的初步研究，使得运用基于案例推理方法解决工程造价估算问题的设想得到了肯定。

Chapter ThreeIt systematizes the theories of Strategic Cost Management,introduces the concepts, characteristics,analysis methods(such as strategic value chain analyses,strategic location analyses and strategic cost driver analyses) and cost management methods (such as Target Costing and Activity-based Cost Management) related to Strategic Cost Management.

第三章对战略成本管理理论进行梳理，介绍了战略成本管理的概念，分析了战略成本管理的特点，介绍了战略价值链分析、战略定位分析和战略成本动因分析等分析方法，并对与战略成本管理有关的成本管理方法进行了介绍，主要介绍了成本企划和作业成本法，并分析了其优点和缺点。

Then direct against the concrete conditions of the oil field of Xinjiang, influencing the important factor that the oil gas operated the cost in the oil field of Xinjiang to be analyzed at first, then analyzing in the face of the domestic and international oil field before combining provide the oil field oil gas in Xinjiang and operate concrete method and measure that the cost controls, and combine the change law of petroleum gas cost in the past 10 years of big company of foreign petroleum Oil field Company oil gas cost control what time does it get helpful enlightenment out of about Xinjiang, providing the incentive mechanism of operating the cost of oil gas of oil field company of Xinjiang to design finally.

然后针对新疆油田的具体情况，首先对影响新疆油阳油气操作成本的重要因素进行了分析，然后结合前面对国内外油田的分析给出新疆油田油气操作成本控制的具体方法和措施，并结合国外石油大公司在近十年的石油天然气成本的变化规律对新疆油田公司油气成本控制提出了几点有益的启示，最后给出了新疆油田公司油气操作成本的激励机制设计。

Current, the personnel of team of highway project cost basically comes from the unit such as cost management, design, construction and inspect manage, these cost personnel each has his strong point but also be short of somewhat each, although some passing,take an exam through cost engineer, but one part personnel is in short-term inside the requirement that still cannot accord with engineer of highway project cost.

目前，公路工程造价队伍的人员主要来自造价治理、设计、施工及监理等单位，这些造价人员各有所长但也各有所缺，虽然有的通过培训或通过造价工程师考试，但一部分人员在短期内还不能符合公路工程造价工程师的要求。

Table 2.2 Infrastructure in different transport modes Road - Public No inherent guidance Infrastructure provided - Private Artificial, shared way centrally at public expense and at nominal cost to users Rail -Heavy Inherent guidance Track and control centrally - Light Artificial, dedicated way provided and charged to - Metro operators at full cost or owned by operators Air Natural, shared way Infrastructure provided by third party at full cost Maritime -Coastal/short Natural, shared way Infrastructure provided by sea No inherent guidance third party and charged at full Deep sea cost Inland water Natural or man-made Infrastructure provided by shared way third party and charged at full No inherent guidance cost Pipelines Artificial, dedicated way Infrastructure usually Inherent guidance provided by user All modes (except pipelines, although a travelator or moving walkway' may be considered a pipeline) carry both freight and passengers.

表2.2 不同运输方式的基础结构公路公共私人没有固有的牵引人造的，共享的方式基础设施由中央以公共费用和以使用者名义上的成本来提供铁路重型轻型地铁固有的牵引人造的，独占的方式铁轨和控制设施以完全成本的形式提供和向运营者收取费用或者由运营者所独有航空自然的，共享的方式基础设施由第三方提供并以完全成本方式收取费用海运沿海／近洋远洋自然的，共享的方式没有固有的牵引基础设施由第三方提供并以完全成本方式收取费用内河水运自然或人工的，共享的方式，没有固有的牵引基础设施由第三方提供并以完全成本方式收取费用管道人工的，专属的方式固有的引导基础设施通常由用户提供所有的运输方式（除了管道，尽管自动扶梯也可以被看作是一种管道）既能载人也能载货。

The chapter two, namely the essential condition of engineering cost management of domestic and foreign countries, separately analyzes the basic domestic engineering cost management condition, the basic domestic railway engineering cost management condition and the foreign basic engineering cost management condition according to large amount of relative domestic and foreign data and information, and point out the main problem in the current railway engineering cost making system.

第2章国内外工程造价管理的基本情况，在参照大量国内外有关资料的基础上，分别分析了我国工程造价管理的基本情况、我国铁路工程造价管理的基本情况、国外工程造价管理的基本情况，指出了现行铁路工程计价体系存在的主要问题。

High inventory, which has become a serious problem impeding the healthy development of nongovernmental book industry. This thesis aims to analyze the causes of book inventory for nongovernmental book industry and proposes advices for reducing the book inventory of nongovernmental book industry.

针对掣肘我国民营书业健康发展的图书高库存问题，从市场的供求矛盾、图书的商品特性、行业的发行方式、民营书业自身的行业特殊性、发行渠道的上下游信息壁垒、采购的盲目多样性、库存管理和控制的落后、物流效率的低下等方面分析其原因，从而为下一步探寻有效的解决方案，促使民营书业乃至整个图书业的健康发展提供帮助

The continuous process of after the course, hardcover book circle back use live cavity back, that is, the book sealed shell and the nucleus Raphe Magnus only book block of jiaji Division of the phase ring bond, and then lining, book and book-sealed shell system secure.

经过工艺的不断改革和提高，现今圆背精装书基本上采用活腔背，即书封壳的中缝仅与书芯的脊部相黏结，再利用环衬作用，将书芯与书封壳套合牢固。

The web station is using Frontpage made the web page, using the language of Active Server Page linked the database, and using Access as the background database, made this mini web station which has the function of book search book borrow ,book back ,book reborrow ,reader manage book message manage and so on .

本网站使用Frontpage制作页面，用Asp语言做连接数据库的程序，使用Access制作系统的数据库，做出了这个具有图书查询、图书借阅、归还、续借、会员管理以及图书信息管理等功能的小型的网站。

A bstract: this system main contents is launching under the discussion of book sale management system, which main aim at a book batch to sell and retail sales sale is lord but carry on designing , in keeping with book's sell retail of management, specially be applicable to book market and book batch resources that sell company's coordination management.the system source code adopt c# language by writing format and in the vs.net 2005 integration environment bottom adjust to try to carry on, the sql server of the database adopt be 2000 backstages.it's system's turn to is a great deal of adoption abundant database technique, have already aim at a mold piece line of development, among them database operation layer technique a great deal of adoption saving process and trigger a machine of application, database interview layer technique adoption microsoft company of ado.net latest 2.0 development technique, the database mean a layer adoption unify of external appearance mode, make thus the whole system structure clear in meaning, the source code self own very good performance of readability and writability, then better convenience to customer operation and development personnel next move of development work, the type of tree control and user-defined page technique of usage make the whole system person's machine hand over with each other the function be more outstanding.

本系统主要内容是围绕图书销售管理系统而展开讨论的，主要针对图书批销以及门市销售为主而进行设计的，适合图书进销零售的管理，特别适用于书城及图书批销商协调的资源管理。系统源码采用c#语言书写格式，在vs.net 2005集成环境下调试进行，数据库采用sql server 2000后台。该系统大量采用了丰富数据库技术，有针对性模块行的开发，其中数据库操作层技术大量采用存储过程及触发器的应用，数据库访问层技术采用微软公司的ado.net最新2.0开发技术，数据库表示层采用统一的外观模式，从而使得整个系统架构明晰，源码可读可写性好，进而更好的方便了用户的操作及开发人员下一步的开发工作，树型控件和自定义分页技术的使用使得整个系统人机交互性能更为出色。

Now she was hungry and angry.She began to smoulder.

现在她又饿又气，她开始流露难以抑制的怒火。

You have placed our iniquities before You, Our secret sins in the light of Your presence.

诗90：8 你将我们的罪孽摆在你面前、将我们的隐恶摆在你面光之中。