查询词典 cost application

The research results suggest that:(1)the factors influence the control of IOR including economic,social and technological factors;(2)the application of interorganizational systems should focus on both technological and non-technological factors;(3)the stronger dependency between organizations, the more effective of the IOS reducing the coordination costs;(4)usually the investment of firms in interorganizational relationship is reciprocal;(5)the appicaton of IT changes the dependency between organizations, which should modify the coordination mechanism, resulting in the change of IOR;(6)the coordination cost affects the effectiveness of coordination among firms;(7) maintaining the interorganizational relationship influences the firms'' network life cycle and matureness;(8)both coordination cost and network size of firms affect sharing mechanisn of the costs and benefits for creating and maintaining interoganizational relationship;(9) the influence of coordination costs to the allocation of super profits deriving from interorganizational relationship is depent on the network topology;(10) the core firm in a network prefer the symmetric network.

我们的研究成果表明：（1）影响管理与控制IOR治理结构的因素有经济因素、社会学因素以及技术因素；（2）在应用组织际信息系统时，要同时关注技术和非技术的影响因素；（3）当组织之间存在较强的依赖关系时，组织际信息系统的应用能够有效减少组织之间的协调成本；当组织之间的依赖关系较弱时，组织际信息系统的应用会加深组织之间被对方侵占的风险，无法显著地减少组织际协调成本；（4）在通常情况下，参与组织际关系的成员的投资是互补的；（5）IT的应用会改变组织间的相互依赖性，组织应调整协调机制，而协调机制的变化会改变IOR；（6）协调成本的大小对协调有效性有着很大影响；（7）组织际关系的维护影响组织网络的生命周期和成熟度；（8）影响组织际关系建立和维护的成本分担和利益共享方案的因素不仅仅跟协调成本有关，而且还与网络规模有关；（9）在对称网络拓扑结构与非对称网络拓扑结构下，协调成本对超额回报分配的影响是不同的；（10）核心企业倾向于选择非对称的网络结构。

The article first reviewed has analyzed our country cost management accountant more than 50 years development and the application present situation, had pointed out in its foundation our country cost management accountant existed the question and has carried on the profound analysis, how simultaneously to solve these problems to carry on the detailed elaboration.

文章首先回顾分析了我国成本管理会计五十多年的发展及应用现状，在其基础上指出了我国成本管理会计存在的问题并进行了深刻的剖析，同时对如何解决这些问题进行了详细论述。

In order to deal with the exchange of different calculating models, the collaborative resource account and collaborative cost object account are established. 3. Based on the multistage ABC calculating model, the dissertation researches the cost-volume-profit analysis, capacity loss analysis and variance analysis methods and their applications. The dissertation founds a multi-product activity-based CVP analysis model with activity capacity constraints, and discusses the solution of the model and its application in production.

在作业成本要素建模的基础上，提出了多阶段作业成本核算模型的建模约束规则，研究了基于规则的作业成本核算模型完整性以及环形分配的检查算法，提出了分配层次概念和环形分配的分配方法，给出了计算当前分配层次的算法和针对模型总体的核算算法，通过设立协作资源账户和协作成本对象账户解决了模型之间的交流。

Research route is: application of cost engineering theory in information field—definition of cost engineering—design of cost information engineering—operation and control of cost information engineering-evaluation of cost information engineering.

研究思路是：成本工程理论在信息管理领域中的应用——成本信息工程的定位——成本信息工程的设计——成本信息工程的实施与控制——成本信息工程的评价。

The invention is not needed for electric power, so the production cost is low, and the PC product liked by people is used by various families such as: electrical switchgear, public project, large construction, commercial application, storefront show, industrial application, agriculture application, medical heath and family kitchen ''frameless PC oil fume cover''(application number: 200820107377.7); because of wide product application and particular low production cost, the product produced by the invention can have great competitive power in market, and the commercial prospect and commercial value can be fully reflected.

由于本"PC板材不用电冷弯机"不用电，因此生产成本低廉，使得倍受人们亲睐的PC产品走进千家万户，如：电气开关柜、公共工程、大型建筑、商业应用、店面展示、工业应用、农业应用、医疗卫生、家庭厨房"无框架PC油烟罩"(申请号：200820107377.7)等范围，由于产品极其广泛和独有的生产低成本、因此用本"PC板材不用电冷弯机"生产出的产品在市场上会有很强的境争力，充分体现出它的商业前景和商业价值。

This paper shows the principle and current application situation of unsalable LaCe/LaPrCe misch metal regarded as additive in aluminum,magnesium,zinc,copper,steel and alloy,mainly illustrates the application progress of magnesium alloy AE44 with high-performacec,low cost and great heat-resistant property by replacing Cewith LaCe/LaPrCe misch metal,and reportes the application of LaCe/LaPrCe in nickel hydrogen electrode cathode material.

综述了我国大量滞销的轻稀土资源LaCe/LaPrCe混合稀土金属作为添加剂在铝、镁、锌、铜、钢及其合金中的作用机理及其应用现状；重点阐述了用LaCe/LaPrCe代替富铈混合稀土金属作镁合金主要成分，开发出高性能、低成本、新型耐热镁合金AE44研发工作应用进展；报导了LaCe/LaPrCe在镍氢电极负极材料应用及组装成氢镍电池的简况。

According to the technological principle, the process flow of pellet production is designed and technical demands for raw materials are determined. Test and application results show that developed Ti-content pellets have characteristics of high strength, high grade of iron and low cost and play double roles in blast furnace lining protection and reducing the cost of furnace charge material.

根据球团生产工艺原理，设计了生产球团的工艺流程并确定了技术要求，试验及使用结果表明，研制生产的含钛球团矿具有强度高、含铁品位高，成本低等特点，起到了高炉护炉及降低炉料成本的双重作用。

In view of the above factors, to a certain extent, affected the greenhouses of the application and promotion, plus the current bamboo, wood steel prices rising, the vast rural areas in urgent need of a low-cost, corrosion-resistant, resistant to moisture, anti-aging a new framework to shed Instead of the traditional bamboo, wood, steel materials, in the light of this, I units commissioned by the relevant departments, research institutions and the parties concerned under the guidance of experts, completed a "no-pillar greenhouses skeleton of" key project, supported by aircraft I developed a special formula units, the production of greenhouse skeleton without pillars of quality and cheap, quality higher than that of a steel frame, lower than the cost of bamboo, wood, the technical supervision departments test, the main performance indicators are as follows: the simulation of the actual scope: 5.8 - 6.8KN bending strength ≥ 3.3 KN compressive strength ≥ 20 KN water absorption ≤ 13

鉴于上述因素，在一定程度上影响了塑料大棚的应用与推广，又加之目前竹、木钢材价格不断上涨，现广大农村急需一种价格低廉、抗腐蚀、耐潮湿、抗老化的新型大棚骨架来代替传统的竹、木、钢材料，鉴于此，我单位受有关部门委托，在各方科研机构及有关专家的指导下，完成了《无支柱塑料大棚骨架机》的攻关项目，该机配以我单位研制的特殊配方、工艺生产的无支柱大棚骨架质优价廉，质量高于钢架，成本低于竹、木，经技术监督部门测试，主要性能指标如下：模拟实际受力范围：5.8-6.8KN 抗折强度≥3.3KN 抗压强度≥20KN 吸水率≤13

Based on the study and inheritance of the domestic and overseas achievement in the related field, this thesis makes research into the theory and application: On theory, this thesis puts forward the concepts of Engineering Cost, Engineering Cost Management and Engineering Cost Estimation, analyzes the relation between them; And it introduces the factors which influence the engineering cost estimation, then puts forward the study of the methods; It particularizes the common methods of estimating the engineering cost, introduces the principle, the operation and the application condition, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each method; By introducing the mention, the principle, the reasoning process and the comparison with the traditional reasoning mechanisms, it makes out the essence of this method, and views it as a whole.

本文在研究、继承已有国内外研究成果的基础上，在理论和应用方面都进行了研究：理论方面，提出了工程造价、工程造价管理、工程造价估算的概念，分析之间的相互关联；介绍工程造价估算的影响因素，提出对编制方法的探讨；列举出目前常用的工程造价估算方法，介绍各种方法的原理、使用方法及应用条件，分析各自的优缺点；通过介绍基于案例推理的提出、基本原理、推理过程和与传统推理机制的比较，剖析该方法的精髓，对其有了整体把握。应用方面，基于对研究对象的深刻理解，分析了工程造价估算问题和基于案例推理二者结合的必要性和可行性；建立了基于案例推理的工程造价估算系统，综合运用模糊数学、灰色理论、运筹学等知识，构造了系统算法；并运用上述理论和方法进行了实例分析，实现了基于案例推理的工程造价估算问题的初步研究，使得运用基于案例推理方法解决工程造价估算问题的设想得到了肯定。

It expounds the fact homework cost systemand makes cost person who manages modern cost method of productionsystem logistics cost management application of in enterprise in goodtime.

论述了作业成本系统和适时制生产系统的成本管理等现代成本方法在企业物流成本管理中的运用。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。