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Based on the A / D converter the basic principles and characteristics of the broadband A / D converter technology and A / D converter, the choice of a number of exploration and study.

本文基于A/D转换的基本原理和特性，对宽带A/D转换技术和A/D转换器的选择进行一些探讨和研究。

The configuration scheme of lightning arrestor protection for converter station, the principle of insulation coordination and overvoltage protection strategy for converter station are analyzed; the parameters and characteristic of lightning arresters are calculated; after analyzing the overvoltage protection for equipments and insulation level of equipments in detail, the discharge voltage of air clearances in converter station is given preliminarily.

自2005年国家电网公司部署建设±800kV直流特高压输电工程以来，组织国内外直流专业公司、科研院所、设计单位开展了广泛的研究工作[1-5]。从主接线方案的比较、户内外直流开关场的选择到绝缘裕度的确定，都从绝缘配合设计的角度进行了研究和比较，取得了大量研究成果[6-11]。

The converter can be improved just by exchanging the position of the resonant inductance and the transformer such that the transformer is connected with the lagging leg. The improved converter has several advantages over its counterpart, e.g., the clamping diodes conduct only once in a switching period, and the resonant inductance current is smaller in zero state, leading to a higher efficiency and reduced duty cycle loss. The operation principle of the improved converter and the comparison with the original converter are analyzed in this paper. The effect of the blocking capacitor in series with the transformer or resonant inductance is discussed, and a best scheme is determined.The improved converter is adopted to design the DC/DC converter of secondary power supply in HVDC power system.

本文将谐振电感和变压器交换位置，使变压器与滞后桥臂相连，这样箝位二极管在一个开关周期中只导通一次，同时零状态时谐振电感电流较小，有利于提高变换效率和减小占空比丢失，本文分析改进后变换器的工作原理，并与改进前的变换器进行对比，讨论隔直电容在不同位置对变换器工作的影响，确定一种最佳工程方案。

Secondly, the paper is expanded from follow three aspects: the virtual design, the virtual process and the product data managementduring the developing the torque converter. Applying the key technique of concurrent engineering---design for function, design for assemblyand design for manufactureof the method of design for "X", the virtual design of the torque converter is accomplished in CATIA V5. Then the model constitution and the simulation of virtual process of the torque converter is done in CATIA V5, including the model constitution and the simulation of 5-aixe NC virtual process of the vane, the model constitution（material:PVC） of the idler pulley rapid prototypingand the virtual assembly and the motion simulation of the torque converter, etc. 3-D data exchange between various CAD systems is realized by using STEP standard. The lever of classing the character model of the torque converter is given. And the access authorization is set up and given to manage the partners' reading/writing the product data.

应用并行工程的关键技术之一——面向产品全生命周期的设计DFX中面向功能的设计DFF、面向装配的设计DFA和面向制造的设计DFM的方法，在CATIA V5中完成液力变矩器虚拟设计；在CATIA V5中对液力变矩器进行虚拟加工建模和仿真，包括液力变矩器导轮叶片五轴数控加工刀轨建模与仿真、导轮快速成型RP建模、液力变矩器虚拟装配和运动仿真等；采用STEP标准实现多CAD系统之间三维数据交换，提出液力变矩器特征模型的分级标准并对三维模型数据进行分级管理，制定相应的权限等级以规范合作厂家的产品数据管理层次。

The method comprises the steps of: constructing a testing system which inputs digital codes and outputs simulated values of the analog-digital converter; obtaining a comparison table which is output through inputting responded simulated values of different digital codes from 0 to 2N-1 of the analog-digital converter; calculating to obtain an integration non-linear error comparison table corresponding to different digital code input of the analog-digital converter; compensating integration non-linear errors of the analog-digital converter through a hardware compensating method of adding a subtracter; and obtaining accurate analog-digital converter output.

搭建数模转换器的数字码输入-模拟值输出的测试系统；获得数模转换器从0到2 N -1的不同数字码输入响应的模拟值输出的对照表；计算得到数模转换器相应于不同数字码输入的积分非线性误差的对照表；通过加入减法器的硬件补偿方法，补偿数模转换器的积分非线性误差，获得准确的数模转换器输出。

This paper will present a new diode-clamp cascade multilevel converter derived from these two topologies. The novel concept of the new diode-clamp cascade converter is based on the connection of multiple three-level diode-clamp converter modules.The multilevel waveform is synthesized by adding of each converter output voltage.

本文将结合这两种拓扑结构，研究了一种新型的二极管箝位级联多电平变换器，其思想是将数个二极管箝位变换器模型串联起来，其输出电压是通过合成每个二极管箝位变换器的输出电压而形成的。

Software Description: About PPT to PDF Converter, This program coverts PowerPoint files to PDF.

PPT to PDF Converter 该软件可以转换 PowerPoint 文件为 PDF 文件。

A two-step A/D converter consists of 2 stages, while a pipe-line A/D converter generally consists of N stages, each including a SHA, an A/D converter, a D/A converter, a subtractor and an amplifier.

采用两步A / D转换器由2阶段，而管线A / D转换器一般包括氮阶段，每一个包括沙， A / D转换器，一个D / A转换器，一个放大器。

Software Description: About ABF Value Converter, This is an application for measurement unit conversion.

ABF Value Converter 这是测量单位转换的软件。

This circuit can be widely used in other topology, such as flyback converter, half bridge converter, full bridge converter and push-pull converter with synchronous rectifier.

这个电路可以推广到其他隔离变换器的拓扑中，如反激变换器同步整流、半桥变换器同步整流、全桥变换器同步整流和推挽变换器同步整流。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。