查询词典 conversion rate

The characteristics of pentacene/perylene derivatives based organic solar cells are investigated in this thesis Donor and acceptor layers are pentacene and N N'-dioctyl-3 4 9 10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI-2~13C) respectively Twelve organic solar cells with pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C heterojunctions were fabricated to study the influence of various alkylic perylene derivatives on the power conversion efficiency Under the sunlight simulator with AM1 5G filter and 100 mW/cm2 the solar cell of pentacene/PTCDI-7C heterojunction with cathode of Ag/Al bilayer has the best performance among the devices with pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C heterojunctions In PL spectrum analyses the pentacene/PTCDI-7C film had lower recombination rate than the other pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C films; therefore more excitons could reach the P/N junction and enhance short-circuit current Furthermore the PTCDI-7C film grown on the surface of penatcene was more matched than other PTCDI films analyzed by the PL peak shifts of 10 nm and 45 nm thick PTCDI-2~13C and images of atomic force microscope More lattice match between the films of pentacene and PTCDI resulted in fewer defects in P/N junction and more carries can reach electrodes Accordingly the power conversion efficiency approach 2% was obtained from the solar cell with the active layer of pentacene/PTCDI-7C

本研究探讨以五环素/骈苯衍生物异质接面太阳能电池之特性，利用pentacene作为电子施体有机材料，PTCDI -2C~13C作为电子受体有机材料，制作出异质接面为pentacene/ PTCDI-2C ~13C等12种有机太阳能电池，比较不同碳数的骈苯衍生物对於有机太阳能电池之光电转换效率之影响。在AM1 5G、100 mW/cm2的模拟太阳光下，以pentacene/PTCDI-7C异质接面太阳能电池具有短路电流9 882 mA/cm2、开路电压0 376 V、填充因数0 523及光电转换效率达1 945%，皆比其他pentacene/PTCDI-2C ~13C异质接面太阳能电池来的大。由薄膜分析可知PTCDI-7C在这12种太阳能电池中具有较低的电子电洞复合发光效率，可以让较多激子到达异质接面进行电荷分离，减少电子电洞对复合发光的机率；此外，由光激发萤光光谱之峰值位移配合原子力显微镜表面结构图，可以得知当PTCDI-7C成长在pentacene上时会顺著pentacene的结构成长薄膜，故较无缺陷产生在P/N接面处；而在其他结构下则无此现象产生，致使在pentacene/PTCDI-7C薄膜中的载子有较大的机会可以移动至电极，使光电流提高，进而使光电转换效率提高。

Transmission Electron Microscope and other properties testing results show that the complex emulsifier system is the crucial influence factor of the polymerization process and the properties of products. It may influence the coagulum content and reaction rate of the polymerization process, the performance, particle diameter,viscosity, electrolyte stability and storage stability of the emulsion products and the contact angle of the film.The initiator mainly influences the coagulum content and reaction rate.The acrylic monomers mainly influence the solid content, Minimum Film Formation Temperature of the emulsion and the Glass Transition Temperature of the film.The organic silicone monomer mainly influences the water absorption of the film.The reaction temperature mainly influences the reaction rate and conversion.The stirring intensity mainly influences the coagulum content of the polymerization process.

透射电镜等性能测试结果显示：复合乳化剂体系是硅丙共聚乳液的聚合过程及产品性能的主要影响因素，它可以对聚合过程的凝胶率、反应速率以及乳液的外观、粒径、粘度、耐电解质稳定性及贮存稳定性，还有乳液涂膜的接触角等造成不同程度的影响；引发剂主要影响反应速率和凝胶率；丙烯酸酯单体主要影响到乳液的固含量、最低成膜温度以及涂膜的玻璃化转变温度，有机硅单体主要影响涂膜的吸水率等；聚合反应温度主要影响乳液的反应速率和转化率等；搅拌强度主要是影响到聚合过程的凝胶率。

The contribution rate of land conversion to economic growth is 8.42% and the contribution rate of land conversion to nonagricultural labor force is 24.73%.

随后，本文对农地非农化对经济增长的显性贡献率以及农地非农化对非农劳动力的贡献率进行计算，分别为8.42%和24.73%。

A voice sample rate conversion software, can be achieved between different sample rate conversion, the effect was very good.

一个声音采样率转换的软件，可以实现不同采样率之间的转换，效果非常好。

The results demonstrated that the fractional conversion and reaction rate were rapidly increased in the initial curing reaction. The higher the curing temperature, the higher the fractional conversion and reaction rate was. With increasing of the curing temperature and time, the fractional conversion and reaction rate decreased and became constantly. The initial curing reaction was a first order reaction. The apparent activation energy and frequency factor of curing reaction used G- capryl ester was bigger than that of used G-oligomer.

结果表明：固化体系在研究的固化温度下，转化率和反应速率在固化反应初期增加快速，温度越高增加越快，随着固化时间的延长，这种变化逐渐变慢，并最终趋于恒定；初期固化反应为一级反应，反应初期的表观活化能和指前因子大小顺序为G-预聚体＞G-辛酯。

Ammonifying rate, nitrosifying rate,nitrifying rate and denitrifying rate were determined by measurement of conversion efficiency and accumulating rate of nitrogenous matter by ammonifying bacteria, nitrobacteria, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria in the surface 0-1.5 cm of pond sediment from the intensive fish culture ponds.

通过对精养鱼池表层淤泥中氨化细菌、亚硝化细菌、硝化细菌和反硝化细菌对含氮物质转化率的测定，定量了解了上述细菌的氨化率、亚硝化率、硝化率和反硝化率。

This is the Oak Fund adjusted to Columbia fund family, the Oak Fund, Z-level investors need to shift to the A, B or C-level, when Z-level rate is 0.74%, A-level is 1.02 percent rate, conversion after corresponding reduction of the original Z-level rate of return for investors.

这是橡树基金调整到哥伦比亚基金家族，橡树基金的Z -级投资者需要转移到A，B或C级时的Z -级率为0.74％，A级率是百分之1.02，转换后相应减少了原来的Z -水平对投资者的回报率。

The following main results are obtained: The TiO_2 photocatalyst with small crystallite size, high surface area, narrow and uniform pore size distribution, and microporous frameworks could be prepared out by applying MW radiation in the preparation process. The microwave-induced fluorescence technique verified for the first time that microwave enhanced the formation rate of hydroxyl radical, leading to the increase in the photocatalytic efficiency. Compared with the conventional catalyst, TiO_2 prepared by MW dielectric heating owns a higher UV absorption ability, and its optical absorption edge and photovoltaic response are shifted toward the short wavelength region, resulting in increase of photooxidation efficiency. The photocatalytic conversion and the mineralization ratio of acetaldehyde are increased respectively by 30% and 40% over the TiO2 prepared by MW radiation when compared to the TiO2 prepared by the conventional heating. For the MW-assisted photocatalytic reaction over the MW-prepared TiO2, production of hydroxyl radicals is enhanced by 22.5%, and the photocatalytic conversion is accordingly increased by 20%. Similarlly, applying MW also increased the photocatalytic conversion and the mineralization ratio of acetaldehyde over TiO2/Al2O3 sample.

论文得到如下主要结果和结论：(1)微波介电加热TiO_2 溶胶可得到晶粒度小、光催化活性高、比表面积大和孔径分布窄而均一，且微孔发达的TiO_2光催化剂；在溶胶干燥处理过程中微波可使催化剂表面缺陷增加，进而导致光催化反应过程有更多的活性羟基自由基产生；(2)微波制备能显著增强TiO_2 样品的紫外光吸收率，并使其光吸收和光伏响应阈值发生蓝移，从而提高TiO_2的氧化还原能力；(3)与常规加热法所制TiO_2比较，微波法制备的TiO_2对乙醛的光催化降解转化率提高30%，CO_2生成率提高40%以上；(4)与未加微波辐射时相比，发现在光催化反应过程中施加微波，TiO_2 的羟基自由基生成速率提高了22.5%，相应CH_3CHO 光催化降解转化率提高了20%；对Al_2O_3/TiO_2催化剂，CH_3CHO 光催化降解转化率甚至提高了33%，同时CO_2 的生成率也都大幅度提高；(5)微波辐射可改变光催化降解乙醛的产物分布，推断施加微波时乙醛光催化降解按照羟基自由基引发的链式反应机理进行，微波&非热效应&起主要作用。

Supercritical water oxidation ; butyl alcohol ; acrylonitrile ; fumaric acid ; conversion rate ; COD

超临界；水氧化；丙烯腈；丁醇；富马酸；转化率； COD

At the same time, adjustment of reaction conditions, reaction time, so as to improve the sulfonation, the conversion rate of ammonia solution, and ultimately increase production.

同时，调整反应条件、反应时间等，以提高磺化、氨解的转化率，最终提高产量。

Lugalbanda was a god and shepherd king of Uruk where he was worshipped for over a thousand years.

Lugalbanda 是神和被崇拜了一千年多 Uruk古埃及喜克索王朝国王。

I am coming just now,' and went on perfuming himself with Hunut, then he came and sat.

我来只是现在，'歼灭战perfuming自己与胡努特，那麼，他来到和SAT 。