查询词典 conventional method

In theory, firstly, the numerical simulation methods, such as the boundary element method, the finite difference method and the finite element method, were utilized to calculate the distribution of electric field intensity and potential of the electron-gun system, the focusing system and the whole equipment, respectively. Then, the trajectories of the electron-beam were traced by using of the Runge-Kutta method and the Monte-Carlo method associatively. The point spread function was also calculated.

在理论分析中，先后采用边界元方法、差分方法、有限元方法等科学数值计算方法，编制程序，对X射线源的电子枪发射系统、聚焦系统以及发射系统与聚焦系统的组合系统等的电场分布进行了严格的计算，在准确求得各系统电场内各个剖分点的电场场强、偏导数等参量的基础上，采用蒙特-卡罗模拟方法和不等距龙格-库塔方法相结合，追踪由LaB_6单晶阴极表面发射出的大量电子束在电场内的运动轨迹，求出点扩展函数，并根据点扩展函数的优劣，反复调节、大量计算对比，挑选出X射线源最佳的电极结构及其组合。

Five methods namely improved CTAB method, CTAB-silica extraction method, SDS method, low pH extraction method with high salt and Zhou shiliang method were adopted to extract genome DNA from the leaves of Citrus aurantium. And three methods including ultraviolet spectrophotometer, agarose gel electrophoresis and SSR-PCR amplification were used to detect extracted sample DNA.

以枳壳叶片为试验材料，分别采用改良CTAB法、CTAB-硅珠法、SDS法、高盐低pH值法和周世良法5种方法提取枳壳基因组DNA，并通过紫外分光光度计、琼脂糖凝胶电泳及SSR-PCR扩增3种方法对所提取的DNA样品进行检测。

In this thesis,the AM1,MNDO,MINDO/3(mainly AM1)and INDO/S-CI semiempirical MO methods were used toinvestigate the excited-state intramolecular protontransfer reactions of salicylic acid derivatives—salicylic acid,methyl salicylate,salicylaldehyde,o-hydroxyaceto-phenone,salicylamide and 3-hydroxy-picolinamide (6 conformers and 2-3 anion species);2-(2'-hydroxy-5' methylphenyl) benzotriazole(4 conformers),2-(2' hydroxyphenyl) benzimidazole (3 conformers and 3anion species),Bis-2,5-(2-benzoxazolyl)hydroquinone(3 conformers),2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole(2conformers) and 7-azaindole dimer (2 conformers).Theinvestigations were described as follows.Geometry optimization,relative stability andhydrogen bonding energy First,for sylicylic acid derivative molecules,the AM1,MNDO and MINDO/3 methods were used toinvestigate ground-state geometry optimization,energies,relative stabilities and hydrogen-bondingenergies on the five kinds of the molecules(designing 6 conformers and 2-3 anion species).Comparing with experimental data,the optimizedgeometry,the order of stability,the hydrogen-bonding energies and the distances between O-O in O-H..O hydrogen bonds by AM1 method were in agreementwith the experimental data,however,the C-C bondlengths optimized by MNDO and MINDO/3 were longer,C-O and O-H bond lengths were shorter;for C-N bondlengths,the results opitimized by MNDO method werethe same as those by AM1 method,nevertheless the C-Nbond lengths given by MINDO/3 method were muchshorter.For some sylicylic acid derivatives(e.g.methyl salicylate,salicylamide),the order ofstabilities on the conformers given by MNDO andMINDO/3 methods were not in agreement with theexisting conformers deduced by experimental methods,and the hydrogen bonding energies calculated by MNDO.and MINDO/3 methods were smaller.Second,the studyon the other systems found that the optimizedgeometry of the proton-transfered product with INDOmethod could not be obtained,only could theoptimized geometry of reactant be obtained,and thecalculated hydrogen bonding energies were greater.Many results of calculation indicated that the studyon the excited-state intramolecular proton transferreaction system using AM1 method was suitable andreliable.

本论文用AM1、MNDO、MINDO/3（主要是AM1）和INDO/S-CI半经验分子轨道方法对水杨酸衍生物系列——水杨酸、水杨酸甲酯、水杨醛、O-羟基乙酰苯酮、水杨酰胺和3-羟基吡啶酰胺（6种异构体和2-3种阴离子）；2-（2'-羟基-5'-甲基苯基）苯并三〓唑（4种异构体）；2-（2'-羟基苯基）苯并咪唑（3种异构体和3种阴离子）；2，5-二间氮杂氧茚氢醌（3种异构体）；2-（2'-羟基苯基）间〓杂硫茚（2种异构体）和7-〓吲哚二体（2种异构体）的激发态分子内质子转移反应在以下几个方面进行了较系统的理论研究：几何构型优化和相对稳定性及氢键能首先以水杨酸衍生物系列分子为例，用AM1、MNDO和MINDO/3方法考察了5种分子（每种分子设计6种异构体和2-3种阴离子）的基态几何构型优化，能量、相对稳定性和氢键能计算，通过和实验数据进行比较，AM1方法给出的优化几何构型、稳定性次序、氢键能和O—H。。。O氢键的0—0距离与实验数据吻合最好，MNDO和MINDO/3方法优化的C-C键长偏长，C-O键和O-H键长偏短；对于C-N键长，MNDO和AM1优化结果差别不大，而MINDO/3给出了过短的C-N键长，MNDO和MINDO/3方法给出的有些水杨酸衍生物分子（如水杨酸甲酯和水杨酰胺）异构体的稳定性次序和实验上推测的可存在异构体结果不一致，MNDO和MINDO/3方法给出的氢键能偏低，对其他体系的研究发现INDO方法常常不能得到质子转移产物的优化几何构型，只能得到反应物的优化构型，并且估算的氢键能偏高，大量的计算结果表明AM1方法对本论文研究的激发态分子内质子转移反应体系是适宜和可靠的。

The best survuval rate of each stage thawed-embryos existed in groups of Zygote EDT3O-two-step method with I mm equilibration(66%), of Morulae EDT3O-two-step method with I mm equilibration(94%) and EDT4O-two--step method with 0.5 mm equilibration(94%), of Blastocyte EDT3O-two-step method with I mm equilibration(91%) and EDT4O-one-step method with I mm equilibration(91%).

总之，我们的研究表明，DET玻璃液冷冻方法是简单、经济而又高效的，冷冻小鼠各阶段胚胎都能获得较高的存活率，其中受精卵的EDT30二步法1分钟平衡组(66％)、桑椹胚的EDT30二步法1分钟平衡组(94％)和EDT40二步法0.5分钟平衡组(94％)、囊胚的EDT30二步法1分钟平衡组(91％)和EDT40一步法1分钟平衡组(91％)冷冻效果最好。

Used squared eancroid method for CCD image subdivided locating,discussed on squared cancroid method,and compared it with traditional centroid method, Gauss curvefitting method , and polynomial interpolation method.

介绍了激光三角测距传感器的基本工作原理和激光光斑成像噪声处理的主要方法，将平方加权质心法应用于激光在CCD中成像的细分定位，并与传统质心法、多项式插值法和高斯曲线拟合法进行了较为系统的比较；通过实验表明，平方加权质心法是一种较为理想的细分定位方法，不仅简单、易于实现，而且具有更高的定位精度以及抗噪声的能力。

Used squared cancroid method for CCD image subdivided locating, discussed on squared cancroid method.and compared it with traditional centroid method, Gauss curvefitting method, and polynomial interpolation method.

本文介绍了激光三角测距传感器的基本工作原理和激光光斑成像噪声处理的主要方法，将平方加权质心法应用于激光在CCD中成像的细分定位，并与传统质心法、多项式插值法和高斯曲线拟合法进行了较为系统的比较。

In the prepared process, 1,8- dihydric anthraquinone and 2,3,5,4-tetrahydroxystilbene-2- O-3 -D-glucoside were chosen as detected targets, the quality of 4 prepared method, high pressure steamed method, prepared method with beans, prepared method with ginger, prepared method with yellow wine, was compared.

以1，8-二羟基蒽醌和二苯乙烯甙作为检测指标，对黑豆炮制法、姜制法、酒制法和高压清蒸法四种方法进行比较，发现高压清蒸法得到的产品中游离态蒽醌和二苯乙烯甙含量最高，分别是其它三种炮制品的1.78～1.84倍和1.06～1.61倍。

In this paper, the experience method, gas phase pseudopressure method , B-W method, oil reservoir integration method and approximation method for analysing gas condensate well testing are emphatical- ly described, and their characters, correctness and application scope are also compared.

着重介绍经验修正法、气相拟压力法、B-W方法、油藏积分法和近似法等，并比较了它们各自的特点、正确性及适用范围。

Several methods of plant tissue protein extraction (TCA-acetone precipitation method, phenol method, urea method, Zhou Han-tao described method, and phenol method improved by the authors) were applied to extract total protein from Rhizophora stylosa root, and then after SDS-PAGE, a subsequent 2-DE analysis was carried out with the optimized conditions for 2-DE .

分别采用TCA-丙酮沉淀法、酚法、尿素法、周涵韬法和笔者建立的酚改良法，提取红海榄根部总蛋白质，并进行了SDS-PAGE分析和双向电泳体系的优化。

Model survey ,style survey, rifeness survey , visit method, opening method ,tabulation method, literature method,and history method are the survey and the detailed methods of investigation in rural area by Mao Zedong.

毛泽东农村调查研究方法是中国共产党正确认识中国基本国情和中国农村社情民意的基本思想方法和工作方法，也是中国共产党领导中国人民改造旧中国，建设新中国以及实现现阶段奋斗目标的重要思想方法和工作方法。

A carrier gas such as nitrogen is directed through line 20 and valve 22 to connect with line 26 and mix with the gas sample.

如氮气之类的载体通过管线20和阀22引入，与管线26相通，与气体样品混合。

But for the most part, knaves and parasites had the command of his fortune

然而支配他的家产的大多是恶棍和寄生虫。