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The general variation principle of tension of web offset presses while running was discussed. The mathematical model of tension control was established. Based on the mathematical model and Matlab software, the tension control system simulation program was developed.

对卷筒纸印刷机在印刷过程中张力变化的一般规律进行了研究，建立了较符合实际情况的张力变化的一般规律数学模型，并用Matlab软件对模型进行仿真分析。

In this topic, the dynamic analysis methods for piezoelectric vibrator are studied systematically based on the theoretical model, FEM numerical experimentation and FEM governing equation for given compound-mode vibrator, and some valuable conclusions are obtained. The main work accomplished is summarized as follows: 1.Elaborate the main modeling methods for piezoelectric vibrator and the significance and necessity to study the dynamic characteristics of piezoelectric vibrator which emphasize the urgency of this paper. 2.Take the bending deformation induced by piezoelectric ceramic as example, the energy transfer mechanism of electric energy to mechanical energy are analyzed; the motion and force transfer mechanism are analyzed for the longitudinal-bending vibrator. 3.Based on mode assumption and Hamilton principle, the coupling model of piezoelectric vibrator of linear USM is built; moreover, the equivalent circuit model is obtained and a coupling equation represents the relation between electric parameters and mechanical parameters is derived which provides foundation to match the vibrator and driving circuit. 4.Combine the constitutive equation of piezoelectric ceramic with elastic-dynamical equation, geometric equation in force field and the Maxwell equation in electric field and the corresponding boundary condition equation, the FEM control equation for piezoelectric vibrator of USM to solve dynamic electro-mechanical coupling field is established by employing the principle of virtual displacement. The equation lays the foundation to study the non-linear constitutive equation of piezoelectric ceramic driven by high-power. 5.Define the dynamic indexes of characteristic of vibrator and carry out variable parameters simulation by calculating the model parameters and the electric characteristics of vibrator are simulated according to the equivalent circuit model. By numerical experimentation, the working mode of vibration of vibrator and the shock excitation results of the working frequency band which provides the mode frequency to realize bimodal are analyzed. Detailed calculation of the electro-mechanical coupling field parameters is made by programming the FEM control equation.

本课题从理论模型、有限元数值试验、有限元控制模型等方面以复合振动模式振子为例对超声电机压电振子的动力学特性及其分析方法进行了全面系统地研究，得出了许多有价值的结论，主要概括如下： 1、阐述了目前针对超声电机压电振子的主要建模方法，对压电振子动态特性的研究意义和必要性进行了论述，突出了本文研究内容的迫切性； 2、以压电陶瓷诱发弹性体发生弯曲变形为例，分析了压电陶瓷通过诱发应变来实现机电能量转换的机理；对基于纵弯模式的压电振子的运动及动力传递机理进行了分析； 3、基于模态假定，利用分析动力学的Hamilton原理，建立了面向直线超声电机压电振子的机电耦合动力学模型，并据此建立了压电振子的等效电路模型，导出了电参量与动力学特性参量的耦合方程，为压电振子与驱动电路的匹配提供了依据； 4、从压电陶瓷的本构方程出发，综合力场的弹性动力学方程、几何方程、电场的麦克斯韦方程以及相应的边界条件方程，采用虚位移原理，建立了压电振子动态问题机电耦合场求解的有限元控制方程，为研究其大功率驱动下的非线性本构模型奠定了基础； 5、界定压电振子的动力学特性指标，对压电振子的机电耦合动力学模型参数进行计算及变参数仿真；依据等效电路模型，对压电振子的电学特性进行了仿真分析；通过有限元数值实验，对压电振子工作模态附近的模态振型及工作频率附近的频段进行了激振效果分析，找出了实现模态简并的激振频率；利用有限元控制方程，通过编程计算，对压电振子的力电耦合场参数进行了详细计算，得出了一些有价值的结论。

Computer software use the VC++ 6.0 to develop a human-computer interface which can give a control order to the object, print and save the collected data in order to enquiry, deal with abnormal situations and so on. Computer hardware mainly complete the design of electrical control system, including motor-controlled, motor-driven, torque signal- acquisition and the design of interface circuit.

上位机软件采用VC++6.0进行设计，主要用它来开发一个人机交互界面，对试验台发出控制命令、可以打印采集到的扭矩数据并同时将数据进行保存以便查询、对异常情况进行处理；下位机硬件主要完成电气控制部分的设计，包括电机的控制、电机的驱动、扭矩信号的采集和接口电路的设计。

The Printer Control Language provides an efficient way for application programs to control special range of printer features.

打印机控制语言提供了应用程序对指定打印机的有效控制方法。

In the paper, the importance of FTA is described, the quantitative analysis method of the FTA is introduced in detail. Then the paper takes a vehicle control system as the research object, expatiates the forming of the CPU board fault tree, the establishing of the mean event fault tree and the obtaining of the mean event fault probability, and realizes the element level fault orientation on the CPU board of the vehicle control system. The test indicates that the method is both valid and correct.

文章在介绍故障树分析法重要性的基础上，较详细地介绍了FTA的定量分析法，并以某车辆控制系统为研究对象，从CPU板故障树的构建、各中间事件故障树的建立和各子事件故障概率等方面出发，实现了车辆控制系统CPU板元件级的故障定位，实验表明了该方法的有效性和正确性。

From the perspective of process control cost control methods and significance.

本文从过程控制的角度探析成本控制的方法和意义。

With the development of automated and intellectualized equipment used in procreative activity of humanity,its motion control becomes problem urgently to have to solve in the automatic control.

随着人类生产活动的自动化、智能化的深入，生产设备的运动控制问题成为自动控制中亟需解决的课题。

Cost Control: Cost Analysis of procurement, price control.

成本控制：采购成本分析、价格控制。

One of the most fundamental concepts in the area of advanced manufacturing technologies is numerical control Controlling a machine tool using a punched tape or stored program is known as numerical control.

在先进制造技术领域的最根本的观念之一是数控机床控制用穿孔纸带或存储方案被称为数控的。

With the programmable logic controller technology, its position control, process control, data processing applications more and more.

与可编程逻辑控制器技术，它的位置控制，过程控制，数据处理应用的越来越多。

Although translator has turned from being a crystal ball by which the original culture can unrestrainedly penetrate to another crystal ball by which the target culture can freely traverse, the translator's personal embodiment, in the process of cognitive act, are still absent in translation studies. Translators are still subjects without body or simply disembodied subjects.

译者虽然由原语文化可以自由穿透的玻璃球变成了译语文化可以自由穿越的玻璃球，但译者认知过程中的个体体验在翻译研究中依然缺席，译者依然仅仅是一个没有躯体体验的主体。

Chillingly, he claimed our technology is 'not nearly as sophisticated' as theirs and "had they been hostile", he warned 'we would be been gone by now'.

令人毛骨悚然的，他声称我们的技术是'并不那么复杂，像他们一样，和"如果他们敌意"，他警告说，'我们将现在已经过去了。