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It is necessary for managers of international bydropower Project construction contracts tO foster strong consciousness of both contract and law, have an intimate knowledge of standard contract clauses and international Practice applied overall, take "succession law","contract modification","unfavourable natural conditions"and other claims as being important content for our international hydropower p...

国际水利水电工程建设的合同管理者必须树立强烈的合同意识和法律意识，熟悉国际上普遍采用的标准合同条款和国际惯例，应将"后继法规"、"合同变更"和"不利的自然条件"等索赔处理作为我国国际水利水电工程建设合同管理的重要内容。为满足工程建设和管理的需要，应尽快造就一支称职的监理工程师队伍并相应规范其运作机制。

The spot market supply and demand between the two sides in a future time on the commodities sell/buy the request because they were afraid that the arrival of the time when the price is not conducive to their own requirements, so willing to now the futures market price to sell/buy an equal number of futures contracts to lock in the cost of this behavior is hedging. Hedging hedge buying and selling at two kinds of hedging, to engage in hedging can be sold to the Exchange application for registration with a pledge of warehouse receipts for the deposit no longer prepared to use all of the required margin.

由于期货行情在一天内的波动幅度经常会很大，如果以"瞬间"的盈亏结果来作为对某方实施比如"强行平仓"的行为的话，极有可能一方面引发大量的交易纠纷，另一方面甚至导致整个交易根本就无法正常进行下去；所以交易所一般采取或在收市前的某个时间、或在次一个交易日开市前的某个时间作"资金结算"（此处用词可能不当，应该怎么定义记不太清楚了）；在规定的时间内，保证金不足的一方若不能及时将保证金予以补足、交易所才对其行使强行平仓的权力。

Meanwhile, the contracts ofderivative market differ from the objects of hedging, which causes great inconvenience to hedger.

同时由于衍生品市场上的上市品种与套期保值企业的套期保值目标对象常常出现资产不匹配的现象，给套期保值企业的套期保值避险目标的实现带来不便。

A good speculator can rattle off the latest prices, but a good hedger will quote you the latest premiums of faraway contracts over the nearby ones.

优秀的投机者能背出市场的最新价，但是优秀的对冲者能背出最新的远期合约比近期合约溢价多少。

Considering transaction cost, Hedger's attitude to risk, variance of foreign exchange rate , with Von Neumann Morgenstern utility function and Bernoulli principle, this paper analyses optimal hedging of the foreign exchange risk during the import/export with forward/future contracts, and the influence of the above mentioned factors on the optimal hedge rate.

本文在前人研究基础上，考虑交易费用，决策人对风险的态度，汇率相对风险大小等因素，用Von Neumann- Morgenstern效用函数和 Bernoulli决策法则建立了研究利用远期/期货和约做外汇套期保值问题的一般模型，然后具体分析了一种典型情况下的最优套期保值率的性质。

That daily turnover in the currency futures is higher relative to open interest (the number of futures contracts that are open at the end of a session) than in the currency options suggests currency futures are more a speculator's market, whereas the option market may be more a hedger's market.

每天貨幣期货的流通量相对于未平仓合约(在季底依然開放的未來合約數量)，比货币期权要高。。。這表明货币期货，相較之下，是一個投机者的市場，而货币期权則是避險的市場。（短线交易者比较多，所以投机成分大）责任编辑：admin

All Contracts made and entered into between Customer and SNC hereunder will be entered into by SNC ?

所有客户和SNC 签订的合同，将被SNC 录入。

All Contracts made and entered into between Customer and SNC hereunder will be entered into by SNC as Principal.

所有客户和SNC 签订的合同，将被SNC 录入。

In view of rising feedstock and energy costs, BASF will further increase prices for its acrylic acid and acrylic esters (glacial acrylic acid; methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate), as contracts permit.

在原料和能源成本，巴斯夫公司将进一步提高其丙烯酸和丙烯酸酯（冰丙烯酸，丙烯酸甲酯，丙烯酸乙酯，丁酯丙烯酸2乙基己基丙烯酸酯），价格为合同许可。

Stress that Citic Pacific entered into these foreign exchange forward contracts is essentially Accumulator, according to homophony, Hong Kong known as "I will kill you later ."

强调，中信泰富将这些外汇远期合约主要是蓄电池，根据谐音，香港被称为"我要杀死你。"

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。