查询词典 contingent expenses

Information bias----Arises when contingent valuation survey respondents are forced to value attributes with which they have little or no experience.

信息偏差——当解决回应者的临时估值是被强行施加给那些少或没有经验的人，他们所表达出的临时估值。

As an exploring research, this study applied contingent valuation methodology to survey 568 people in Shanghai, in order to value the illness economic costs caused by air pollution.

本研究应用该方法对上海市568个被访者进行调查，结果表明，上海市对空气污染造成疾病损失的意愿支付为350亿元，占国内生产总值的比例8.67％（1999年）。

Strategic bias----A respondent provides a biased answer to a contingent valuation survey in order to influence a particular outcome.

战略偏差——提供给不确定价值测量偏差答案，而影响到专项支出的标准。

Starting point bias----Arise when a contingent valuation survey respondent is asked to check off his or her answer from a predetermined range of possibilities and the answers depend on the range specified by the survey instrument.

起点偏差——在临时价值调查的回应是来自于提前支配可能的清点和随着特定调查一起变化所呈现的。

The concept of CVM and the status of its development and application is introduced, the significance of CVM in environmental evaluation methods and its theoretical underpinning is analyzed, the available elicitation techniques or the question formats that acquire maximum WTP is summarized, various biases and their solutions are assembled together, and the statistical analysis methods of contingent valuation survey data especially the dichotomous choices data are introduced briefly.

详细总结归纳国际上CVM发展与应用研究的现状，包括：CVM在环境价值评估技术中的地位及其理论基础，最大支付意愿的各种引导技术，CVM研究中可能出现的各种偏差及其相应的解决方法，最大支付意愿的数据统计分析方法，CVM在美国、欧洲联盟国家以及发展中国家应用的情况。

Objectives:To estimate willingness to payfor typhoid vi vaccine in typhoid epidemic area in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and develop direct evidence for policy maker,as well as describe the choice model of typhoid vi vaccine in typhoid epidemic area and discuss the application of the Contingent Valuation Method in survey of willingness to pay.

目的：评估广西伤寒流行地区灵川县居民对伤寒ⅵ疫苗的支付意愿，为卫生决策者在全球推广伤寒疫苗提供直接证据；调查灵川县居民对伤寒ⅵ疫苗的选择偏好；探讨条件价值法在疫苗支付意愿调查中的应用。

Contingent of the First Singapore Chinese Troop marching in smartly for the inauguration and investiture ceremony. Notice the flags of the Union Jack and the "Blue Sky-White Sun on a Red" flown by the flag-bearers in the forefront?

星华第一团雄纠纠、气昂昂地迈着整齐步伐进入宣誓礼场地：有没有注意到前排掌旗者所持的英国&米字旗&及中华民国的&青天白日满地红旗&并列飘扬呢？

Finally , should strengthen the building of contingent of anti-smuggling , increase anti-smuggling staff members' quantity , train coast guard to manage, improve its thought , politics , professional qualifications, introduce advanced anti-smuggling equip such as weapon , alert tool instrument that is it use to fight and use for technical equipment checked to control , etc., use the modernized means of Hi-Tech to supervise management control.

最后，要加强缉私队伍建设，增加缉私工作人员的数量，对缉私人员进行培训管理，提高其思想、政治、业务素质，并引进先进的缉私装备如作战用的武器、警械和用于监控检查的技术设备等，运用高科技现代化手段进行监督管理控制。

As a kind of educational product, subject sequential difference is the comparison between the discourse right of the educator and the subectivity degree of the education target, which not only directly contained in the quality , the structure and the personality of the educator contingent, but also embodied in the essece of education targets\'self-integration.

作为一种教育性生成，主体序差是教育者的话语权和教育对象主体性实现程度之间的对比关系，既直接蕴涵于教育者队伍的素质、结构和人格魅力中，又体现在教育对象自我整合的本质力量上。

The company's future: years of work, my company in Jiangsu and Anhui, Shandong, Zhejiang and formed a good image of our customer's needs must be warm and thoughtful, achieve better product quality, market development stresses vision and sales maintenance of the building of the contingent Require a high degree of unity, in the days to come we will add a company here in the exciting chapter for each and every person at my company guests a taste of "Ocean" with the management, quality products, warm and thoughtful service, which will allow the company by sales Each product into a "sea" and all the staff's sincere blessing traveled the Soviet Union, Zhejiang, Anhui, Shandong every piece of land.

多年的耕耘，我公司在江苏及皖、鲁、浙地形成了良好形象，我们对客户的需求务必热情周到，产品质量做到精益求精，市场拓展讲究高瞻远瞩，销售维修队伍的建设要求高度统一，在未来的日子里我们将在这里续写公司的精彩篇章，让每一位亲临我公司客人领略到&海洋&特色的管理，优质产品，热情周到的服务，让公司所销售的每一件产品带上&海洋&全体员工的诚挚和祝福走遍苏、浙、皖、鲁每一块土地。

Although translator has turned from being a crystal ball by which the original culture can unrestrainedly penetrate to another crystal ball by which the target culture can freely traverse, the translator's personal embodiment, in the process of cognitive act, are still absent in translation studies. Translators are still subjects without body or simply disembodied subjects.

译者虽然由原语文化可以自由穿透的玻璃球变成了译语文化可以自由穿越的玻璃球，但译者认知过程中的个体体验在翻译研究中依然缺席，译者依然仅仅是一个没有躯体体验的主体。

Chillingly, he claimed our technology is 'not nearly as sophisticated' as theirs and "had they been hostile", he warned 'we would be been gone by now'.

令人毛骨悚然的，他声称我们的技术是'并不那么复杂，像他们一样，和"如果他们敌意"，他警告说，'我们将现在已经过去了。