查询词典 context-free language

Since the 1990s, he has proposed that the fundamental task of Chinese teaching is language learning, that its purpose is to improve students' ability to comprehend and apply Chinese, the essence is to direct students acquire the language while practicing on the basis of their development and the major method language-sense teaching. He has asserted that the language-sense teaching method must follow the steps of feeling, apprehending, accumulating and using of language. The practice and analysis of language-sense method must be of equal importance, and closely combined to moral education, thought training, aesthetic edifying, and Chinese language impartment. He has also claimed that teaching material should be compiled with more contents, more refinement and higher starting point in terms of students' actual development of language skills. His analysis of the long-term misplays in Chinese language education is profound and the repositioning and re-interpretation to the facts as purpose, task, essence, subject, method and materials of Chinese language teaching are full-scaled. In terms of teaching, Hong has stressed on the cultivation of the ability of language acquisition and intuition.

上世纪90年代以来，他先后提出语文教学的根本任务是学习语言；语文教学的目的是提高学生正确理解和运用祖国语言文字的能力；语文教学要以学生发展为本，&变讲堂为学堂&，指导学生在实践中学习语言；语文教学的主要方法是语感教学；语感教学要遵循&感受、领悟、积累、运用&的途径，坚持语感实践与语感分析并重，并与思想教育、思维训练、审美陶冶、语文知识教学紧密结合，与生活密切联系；根据学生语言发展的实际，大容量、高起点、选精品编写教材等一系列主张，从理论上对语文教学的长期性失误作了深刻剖析，对语文教学的目的、任务、本体、主体、方法、教材等问题进行重新定位和诠释。

It is concluded in Chapter Eight that: 1 linguistic proficiencies in three languages play a considerable part in code-switching of EFL teachers in trilingual context; the inter-sentential switching outweighs the intra-sentential switching both in frequencies and percentage; discourse-related switching also outweighs participant-related switching in frequencies and percentage; the EFL is maintained longest in EFL classroom and the language maintained second longest depends upon learners" higher proficiency in Chinese or Tibetan. 2 Ethnic identity and educational background is the major causal factor of EFL teachers" Chinese-English switching in trilingual classroom; duration of language contact and relative trilingual proficiencies are the two principal contributors to the English-Tibetan switching; while Tibetan-English switching is mainly driven by EFL teachers" ethnic identity and education background, as well as the duration of language contact; English-Chinese switching is also largely motivated by the duration of trilingual contact; and Chinese-Tibetan switching is determined by trilingual proficiency to a considerable extent. Meanwhile, psychologically, the switching is mainly motivated by a procedure of psychological projection, trilingual system conceptualization and the mentality of trilingual selection. 3 The educational reflections upon this study indicate: firstly, in trilingual context, the teachers" classroom discourse is characterized by the multilingual involvement, flexibility in strategy option as well as the extension and strengthening of the domination of teachers" discourse. Secondly, the discourse movement and code-switching are largely affected by two cultural ecological mechanisms: enculturation and cultural manipulation. Thirdly, the status quo of EFL trilingual teachers are characterized by unbalanced trilingual proficiencies, poor cultural awareness, and little knowledge of trilingual education and trilingual code-switching, therefore, suggestions are advanced in the end to provide them further education. Fourthly, in trilingual context, the EFL curriculum for ethnic minorities is characterized by plurality of aims, complexity of organization and variety of resources. Meanwhile, it is of great necessity to understand the linguistic values of EFL education for ethnic minority learners. To be specific, firstly, we should not only have a deep understanding of the distribution, construction, function as well as communicative effects of the three languages, but also have a comparative study of the three languages and thus provide the standardization and guidance for the trilingual education. In the end, it is advanced that trilingual EFL provision for ethnic minority should pursue to develop learners" multicultural value system in which first language culture and mother language culture take the central position and EFL culture plays a vital role.

3在三语环境下，教师课堂话语具有话语形态多元化、话语选择策略具有灵活性和教师话语权得到延伸和拓展等特征；文化涵化和文化操控是影响三语教师课堂语码转换的两种文化生态机制；参差不齐的三语水平、淡薄的多元文化意识和对三语教学和语码转换缺乏科学认识是我国目前三语师资的主要特点，因此应对三语教师进行职后继续教育；在三语环境下，民族外语课程具有课程目标多元化、课程组织复杂化和课程资源多样化等特点；应对民族外语教育的语言价值进行审视和解读，对三种语言在课堂话语中的分布趋势、结构特征、功能作用和交际效果等问题进行深入研究，加强对三种语言间的对比分析研究，同时对民族外语教育中的三语教学进行规范和指导；在强调民族文化和二语文化在三语文化格局中心地位和外语文化的重要作用的同时，民族地区的外语教育应以构建多元文化价值观为其文化追求。

In this thesis, I summarize and implement the up-to-date language models, such as N-Gram Language Model, Interpolation N-gram Language Model, Context-Free Grammar and Probabilistic Context-Free Grammar, and establish the run-length language model Character-level and word-level run-length language model are established on the base of the concept of limit entropy and discrete stable information source and by using maximum likelihood between character strings.

在充分研究和比较了中文和西文特点的基础上，提出了变长汉语语言模型。应用极限熵、离散平稳信源和字符串之间的最大似然度等概念和方法，建立了字一级的变长语言模型和词一级的变长语言模型。实验的结果显示这种语言模型不仅比Bigram具有更低的复杂度，而且包含了更长距离内的信息，运行时间也大大小于N-Gram。

Achieve mastery through a comprehensive study of the subject of draw inferences about other cases from one instance knocks Shan Zhenhu ground of act rashly and alert the enemy is pushed and wide, give kill poisonous software, free code, free dress, free book, free toy, free telephone call free mobile phone, free lunch, free accommodation, free qualification, free entrance ticket, free spring festival scrolls, freely to be waited a moment etc.

举一反三融会贯通敲山震虎打草惊蛇地推而广之，赠送免费手机、免费午餐、免费住宿、免费资格、免费门票、免费春联、免费杀毒软件、免费代码、免费服装、免费书籍、免费玩具、免费电话等等等等。

Yeast-free, Wheat-free, Milk-free, Egg-free, Soy-free, Gluten-free, Salt-free, Artificial Color-free, Artificial Flavor-free, Salicylate-free, Preservative-free.

不含麦粉，奶，蛋，大豆，麸质，盐，不含任何人工色素，不含人工调味剂，不含防腐剂。

Vigor of Yo of teach by word of mouth of right of character of antonym of this groups of knitting needle, language, language, language is in severe danger, the stipulations of an agreement that the problem makes the language such as bequest of language diversity, language, perhaps having becominging each country to establish the language policy, base that develops language research and language to carry out an activity for the most part.

该组织针对语言权利、语言教育、语言活力、语言濒危、语言多样性、语言遗产等语言新问题制定的规约，大部分已经或者正在成为各国制定语言政策、开展语言探究和语言实践活动的基础。

The author briefly reviews the study of context by introducing Malinowski, Firth and Halliday"s contextual theories. Context is classified into three categories: linguistic context, context of situation and context of culture, which, according to the author"s experiences, are closely related to the vocabulary acquisition of college students.

作者简要回顾了语境理论的发展，介绍了马林诺夫斯基、弗斯以及韩礼德关于语境的观点，并对语境的分类和功能做出了阐释。

Based on recursive functions defined on context-free language, LFC (language for context free recursive function) is a formal specification language and fits for dealing with phrase structure.

以上下文无关语言上的递归函数为基础的语言LFC(1anguage for context free recursive function)是一种形式规约语言，适于处理短语结构。

Formal Theory of context can be used in many areas of AI: Using the formal notion of context in representation and reasoning not only embodies context-dependency of knowledge, but also make representations simpler. Since the reasoning process can be localized, the efficiency and openness of systems are both improved. In Natural Language Understanding systems, formal theories of context provide a framework for representing ambiguity and make the process of disambiguating easier.

形式化的context概念可以用于AI的许多领域：在知识表示和推理中使用形式化的context概念，不仅能体现知识对context的依赖性；而且表示结果简洁，可以局部化推理过程，提高系统效率，建立开放的AI系统；context形式理论为语言歧义性的表示提供了一个形式框架并使消歧过程更方便；context决定了中肯性标准，从而有望改善智能信息检索系统的性能。

Xinjiang is a multi-ethnic, multi-lingual, multi-lingual and multi-cultural ethnic autonomous areas, since ancient times is the intersection of multilingual text, the history of language used, such as the Huns, Jianduoluo language, in Hetian Cypriots, Chinese , Yanqi - Qiuzi language, Turkic language, Sogdian language, Uighur language, medieval Persian, the Tibetan language, Mongolian, Manchu language, and other languages.

新疆是多民族、多语种、多文种和多元文化的民族自治地方，也是自古以来多种语言文字的交汇之地，历史上使用过诸如匈奴语、犍陀罗语、于阗塞语、汉语、焉耆—龟兹语、突厥语、粟特语、回鹘语、中古波斯语、吐蕃语、蒙古语、满语等语言。

A carrier gas such as nitrogen is directed through line 20 and valve 22 to connect with line 26 and mix with the gas sample.

如氮气之类的载体通过管线20和阀22引入，与管线26相通，与气体样品混合。

But for the most part, knaves and parasites had the command of his fortune

然而支配他的家产的大多是恶棍和寄生虫。