查询词典 contact surface

The main results of the investigation are as following:(1) Some important criteria for the design of multi-layer structure are acquired: the ratio of the layer thickness to the contact diameter should be controlled to a value about 0.8; increasing the number of the gradient layers and elasticity modulus of the top layer would benefit to the yield strength and the stress status at the interface.（2）By means of molecular dynamics simulations for a indentation and sliding process, it is discovered that dislocations of 45 direction to the surface occur in the surfaces layer, which is correspond to the direction of the plastic flows observed in the macroscopic continuous medium. The irreversible deformation caused by the dislocation and the atom piles at the surface are responsible for the irreversibility of the force response. They are also the main factors for the friction generation. The temperature and the indentation velocity have significant effects on the deformation behaviors of the material of the surface layer. The yield strength would increase obviously if the indentation velocity is greater than 10 m/s.（3）A method to evaluate the fracture toughness of coating by estimating the crack-density functionβof a Wicker''s indentation was proposed. Meanwhile a new surface treatment technology was developed using non-equilibrium plasma.（4）A MD-FE hybrid method and corresponding software was developed to analysis the tribological behaviors for multiplayer system.

研究主要内容和结果有：（1）得到指导梯度膜设计的几个准则：控制膜层厚度与接触半径比在0.8左右为宜；适当增加梯度层层数和顶层弹性模量，有利于提高抗屈服能力和改善界面处的应力状态；（2）通过对嵌入和滑动摩擦过程的分子动力学模拟，发现表层产生一个与宏观连续介质的塑性流动方向观测一致的45 方向位错；位错造成的不可逆变形和表面的原子堆积，是力的响应不可逆性的原因，也是构成摩擦力的主要因素；温度和嵌入速度对材料变形特性有显著的影响，当嵌入速度大于10 m/s时，屈服强度明显增加；（3）提出压痕裂纹密度系数β半定量判定膜层断裂韧性的方法；并开发出表面强化新工艺；（4）开发出分析表面摩擦学特性的MD-FE复合模拟方法和相应模拟软件。

Firstly, the developing principles of the cylindrical internal helical gear are proposed through analyzing the movement and geometry requirements, which provides continuous contact between the mating gear surfaces. The tooth surface of the internal helical gear in the new gearing can be imagined as being generated by the normal section of the conjugated surface of the ball-tooth, moving along the radial projection of helix line of the tooth-root circle. Also, the proposed surface can be approximate tangent to the conjugated surface of the ball-tooth along a spacial curve.

首先，通过分析保证行星轮作螺环运动时与内斜齿轮实现连续啮合传动的运动和几何条件，提出了圆柱内斜齿轮齿面的两种形成原理：即由球齿运动包络曲面的法截面沿其齿根圆螺旋线在径向的投影进行拓展所形成的内齿面，以及与球齿运动包络曲面呈近似相切接触的等螺距齿面构成的内齿面。

B The gear real tooth surface is represented by a sum of two vector function that determine the theoretical tooth surface and the deviations of the real surface from the theoretical one, and the tooth contact analysis of real surface is completed.

将实际齿面表示为理论齿面和偏差曲面之和，进行了实际齿面的轮齿接触分析。

And then switch on the offset printing presses, and tweak the adjustment nut, rubber plastic knife blade slowly to the oscillating roller surface contact, left and right extremes of adjusting screw contact pressure requires uniform, rubber knife and oscillating roll each part can even contact curettement innovativeink across the Board.

然后启不静胶印机，并且拧不静调度螺母，使橡皮胶刀的刀刃迟缓不天向串不朱辊的暗不天隔绝，把握两头的调度螺丝隔绝不张力给求平均，橡皮刀与串不朱辊每一个部位平均隔绝，不妨片面不天刮不兴油不朱。

The effect of tribology factors on bearing vibration is studied experimentally. AR model and WPT are used to processing the normal arid abnormal signals. The results are as follows:1. The vibration of ball bearings is caused by the tribology action of contact pairs of ball and ring races and has the essential of tribo-dynamics. Any factors affecting the tribology characteristics of contact pairs will affect vibration and noise of bearings consequently.2. Vibration characteristics of bearing keep almostly unchanged with the increasing of axial load expecting the increasing of nature frequencies. When radial load increasing with axial load unchanged, nature frequencies keep unchanged but some new vibration peaks appears in the spectrum.3. Vibration amplitudes are damped and nature frequency are enhanced with sufficient lubrication. Vibration and noise of bearings increase obviously and roar can happen and the contact surfaces scratch slightly under insufficient and unclean lubrication state. Bearing will be disabled in a few minutes without any lubrication.4. Bearing vibration is unstable under low speed. With the speed increasing, the vibration become stable and natural frequencies increase slightly but the amplitudes increase apparently.5. Bearing vibration can be excited only by some harmonics ofwaviness without lubrication and by all harmonics with lubrication based on the theoretical analysis.6. The nature frequencies of ball bearings decrease with the increasing sizes. When international clearance increasing, nature frequencies decrease in radial and increase in axial and angular and the amplitudes increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular. When the number of balls increasing, nature frequencies increase and amplitudes decrease. When the pitch diameter increasing, axial nature frequency increase and others nearly keep no change. When outer race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular and amplitudes keep no change in radial and increase in axial and angular. When inner race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies decrease and amplitudes increase.7. The distortion in amplitude and frequency components of bearing vibration signals picked up by the present probe measurement method is founded and right conclusions cannot be achieved by the signals. When accelerometer is rigidly screwed with steel stud onto a flat outer surface of a ball bearing, vibration signal can be got without distortion and the reliability of research on bearing vibration is assured.8. AR model is suitable for large samples of bearing vibration signals, square root of length of samples can be used as the upper limitation of order determination and the FPE order selection criterion is effective. Many advantages of AR spectrum are founded over the classical based on FFT.9. Time-Frequency analysis is necessary for abnormal noise of ball bearings. WPT overcomes the principle shortcomings of STFT and proved to be a best tool to process the abnormal signals.

理论分析和试验研究表明： 1球轴承振动是钢球—滚道接触副中的各种摩擦学作用引起的，具有摩擦动力学的本质，任何对接触副的摩擦学特性有影响的因素都将对球轴承的振动和噪声特性产生影响； 2中心轴向载荷作用下，载荷增大使球轴承的固有振动频率升高，载荷越大同样的载荷增幅引起的频率升幅减小，足够大的中心轴向载荷作用下载荷的变化对球轴承振动的频率特性不会产生明显的影响； 3轴向和径向联合载荷作用下，径向载荷不大时球轴承振动的固有频率基本不变，但是可能引起变刚度激励的非线性振动，出现新的频峰，过大的径向载荷将使部分钢球脱离接触，使球轴承的振动和噪声呈现不稳定状态； 4润滑对球轴承的振动和噪声特性有重要的影响，良好的润滑对振动有明显的抑制作用，润滑不充分时，振动和噪声的水平会有明显增高，一定条件下还会激发接触副中的谐振，发出啸声，造成接触表面的伤害，无润滑干接触时，短时的运转就会损伤接触副表面，使振动和噪声迅速增大，并随时可能引发严重的磨损和卡滞失效；接触副润滑良好时，油膜的"刚化效应"使球轴承振动的固有频率有所提高，润滑剂中含有弥散性污浊时，振动的幅度总体升高，但弥散性污浊不会改变球轴承振动的频率特性；浙江大学博士学位论文：球轴承振动的研究 5低速时，球轴承振动的基本特征呈现不稳定状态，随着转速的提高，球轴承振动的频率特性趋于稳定，固有频率频峰升高； 6理论分析表明，干接触时钢球和滚道表面波纹度的某些谐波分量能激励球轴承的振动，振动的幅值与谐波幅值成正比，实际球轴承中钢球的分布不可能完全均匀，波纹度的激励作用会随时发生；润滑接触的分析表明，波纹度的任意谐波分量均能激励球轴承的振动； 7球轴承的几何和结构参数分析表明，球轴承尺寸越大，径向、轴向和角振动的固有频率越低；钢球中心圆直径增大，球轴承的径向和轴向振动的固有频率基本不变，角振动的固有频率有所上升，振动的幅频特性基本不变；径向游隙加大使球轴承的径向振动固有频率降低，轴向和角振动的固有频率有所升高，径向振动幅频特性的幅值升高，而轴向和角向降低；钢球的数量增多使球轴承振动的固有频率上升，幅频特性的幅值下降，径向振动的幅值下降最为明显；外圈沟曲率半径系数增大使球轴承径向振动的固有频率升高，轴向和角振动的固有频率降低，径向幅频特性基本不变，轴向和角向幅频特性幅值升高；内圈沟曲率半径系数增大使径向、轴向和角振动固有频率均下降，振动幅频特性的幅值均有升高； 8试验对比表明，传感器采用探针式安装时，由于探针接触副接触特性的影响，钡(量得到的球轴承振动信号有失真，采用专门设计和制作的试验球轴承，以固定式安装加速度计，首次测量得到了球轴承振动的真实信号，通过对振动信号的分析，验证了球轴承振动的理论模型； 9)基于时间序列分析的AR模型适用于大样本球轴承振动信号的分析，以样本长度的均方根值作定阶上界，FPE做判阶准则，给出的AR谱光滑，频率分辨率高，是球轴承振动分析的简便而可靠的手段； 10以时频域分析的小波包变换分析球轴承异音信号能够比较好地定位和聚焦异音发生的时间，时间间隔，频率范围，同样是球轴承振动分析的可靠的手段，可用作球轴承故障诊断技术。

In chapter six, A finite element model to evaluate the mechanics properties of thin wall structure is put forwards. The 4-node quadrilateral Hughes-Liu shell element with five through-the-thickness integration points is employed. The material is assumed to satisfy the elastic-plastic yield condition with isotropic hardening. The single surface contact algorithm is taken to deal with the contact searching. The priori stabilization procedures for the numerical control of the hourglass instability and the penalty method for the evaluation of contact force are used. The classical Coulomb law of friction is employed to evaluate the friction force.

第六章采用法向方向5点积分的4节点Hughes-Liu壳单元，前置参数法砂漏控制技术，等向强化弹塑性材料模型，分步增量应力回映方法，一体化接触搜寻算法，罚参数接触力计算方法及经典摩擦定律，建立了一种计算受冲薄壁结构大变形力学特性计算的有限元模型，通过对汽车A传动轴及汽车纵向方形吸能梁的大变形力学特性分析，验证了该有限元模型的正确性。

The housing material is the PET glass fiber enhanced and anti-burning (V-0) imported insulation material; the material of the contact element adopts the red copper or the copper alloy; the material of the contact segment is the beryllium bronze, the surface of the contact element is glided or silver-gilt.

其壳体材料采用PET玻纤增强型、阻燃型（V-0）进口绝缘材料；接触件材料采用紫铜或铜合金；接触部分的材料为铍青铜，接触件表面镀金或银。

Main job is to guarantee the scraping interaction and equipment on both sides of the friction surface or can obtain higher precision and accuracy, precision and shape accuracy, precision and contact transmission because of good lubrication, manual and repeatedly is worthy, large amounts of wind, time-consuming, scraping the time needed for different devices vary, such as boring slider and slide block wind profiling, between the match before measuring clearance between the original value, and then according to the technical requirement to measure the value of time and scraping scraping, then apply DanFen red on the slider, manual let slip on the slide seat back and forth, they do straight-line movement between full contact and friction, reoccupy scraper scraping friction creates the contact point, so repeatedly, until the technical requirements for the match, single within 2 days, must blow to the boring if all the time to work with wind, a half month is required.

刮削过程。刮削工作主要是为了保证设备相互接触并摩擦的两面间能获得较高的尺寸精度、形状精度、位置精度、接触精度、传动精度和良好的润滑，因是手工操作且需反复配刮，故工作量大，耗时较长，设备不同，刮削所需时间也各不相同，例如镗床上滑座与下滑座间的配刮，刮削前先测量出二者之间原有的间隙值，然后根据工艺要求测算出需刮削值及每次的刮削量，再将红丹粉涂于上滑座之上，手工让上滑座在下滑座上来回做直线运动，使它们之间充分接触和摩擦，再用刮刀刮削摩擦产生出的接触点，如此反复多次，直至技术要求范围之内，单此项配刮需2天左右，若对于整个镗床所有配刮工作的时间总和，则需半个月左右。

The meaningful regions obtained by range image segmentation correspond to the surface patches of 3D object.The 3D surface patches are then reconstructed by the algebraic surface fitting method;the surface parameters are estimated by solving generalized eigenvector problem. The geometric model of 3D object is constructed from reconstructed surface patches by using CAD geometric modeling tool GEOMOD.

首先通过编码光栅方法获取三维物体的深度图象，并采用数学形态学的方法加以分割，然后利用代数曲面拟合手段对分割后的三维曲面片进行重建，并使用CAD几何建模工具由重建的曲面片构成物体的几何模型。

This paper on basis of surface's local principle.Through discussing the Gauss mipping image of the surface's asymptotic curve and the camber between any two directions of surface and the developable surface to illustrate the impact on surface of Gauss mipping.

文章以局部曲面的基本理论为基础，通过对曲面的渐近曲线、曲面上任意两方向的夹角和可展曲面的高斯映射象的讨论来说明高斯映射对曲面的影响。

Putt your way through 36 fun-filled holes of minigolf on 3D designed courses with elevated greens, bunkers, bridges and water hazards, among other crazy obstacles.

您的推杆方式，通过36个有趣的填孔迷你的三维设计的课程，以提升绿党，掩体，桥梁和水的危害，除其他疯狂的障碍。

Some participles can be used either as attributes or as predicatives.

有些分词既可当定语用，也可当表语用。