查询词典 consumer's surplus

I.e. the utility of the books are almost the same , so it is a wise choice to choose second hand books. And in the aspect of consumer's surplus, the consumers expect one book to be lower than, say, 30 Yuan, so if he buys the book for 10yuan, he gets extra 20yuan as the so called consumer's surplus.

话说回来，从机会成本的角度来看，因为旧书与新书大部分相差不大，基本不会影响到学生的书籍阅读（即书的效用是几乎一样的），学生在旧书摊买书的机会成本相对较小，于是学生们是会选择到旧书摊买书的。

We get the price elasticity -0.54 and the income elasticity 0.21 from the estimated demand function, and we also compute the average consumer surplus according to the function. At 90% confidence level, the average consumer surplus of 38 cities is 0.5 to 2 times of travel cost.

计算出了文物旅游的人均消费者剩余，得到在 90%的置信水平下，我国 38 个主要城市文物旅游的人均消费者剩余为旅行费用的 0.5 倍到 2 倍。

Thus an unfortunate side effect of China's attempts to cool its domestic economy has been an exploding trade surplus, because import growth has softened while exports have remained robust. In June, China's exports rose by 30.6%, year-on-year, while imports grew by just 15.1%, widening the monthly trade surplus to $9.7 billion. The cumulative surplus for 2005 is now nearly $40 billion, more than for the whole of last year.

所以中国对国内经济降温的企图最不幸的一个副作用就是产生一个巨大的贸易盈余，因为进口放缓，而出口依然活跃。6月份，中国出口同比增长30.6%，而进口增长仅为15.1%，月贸易盈余扩大到97亿美元。2005年贸易盈余现在累计可能达400亿美元，比去年全年还多。

Future changes in the structure of the overall consumer trends : consumer structure will undergo fundamental changes, from material consumption-oriented non-material consumption-oriented; Consumption will further reduce the proportion of survival information, enjoyment and development of information consumption increased; Changes in the structure of consumption and quality of life stage characteristics of high-grade consumer goods, such as housing, automobiles increased effective demand, consumer demand for services greatly enhance the awareness and quality requirements.

未来居民消费结构变化的总体趋势是：居民消费结构将发生根本性的变化，即从物质消费为主转变为非物质消费为主；生存资料消费比重将进一步降低，享受和发展资料消费比重上升；消费结构的变化越来越体现生活质量阶段的特征，各种高档消费品，如住房、汽车的有效需求上升，对服务消费的需求和质量要求意识大大提高等。

The proportion of tax burden of every group consumer to that of the consumer of lowest level income combined with the proportion of governable income of every group consumer to that of the consumer of lowest level income decide the progression of the taxation.

计算每组消费者可支配收入与最低收入消费者可支配收入的比，再计算每组消费者承担的税负与最低收入消费者承担税负的比，两组比例对比可以确定税收的累进或累退程度。

The model includes 7 groups of urban consumers and 5 groups of rural consumers. The proportion of tax burden of every group consumer to that of the consumer of lowest level income combined with the proportion of governable income of every group consumer to that of the consumer of lowest level income decides the progression of the income tax and the turnover tax.

模型中根据我国的二元经济结构，把城镇居民按收入水平分为7组、农村居民分为5组，运用一般均衡原理，分析流转税税收负担在各组居民之间的分布，再把每组居民承担的税负与可支配收入对比，计算我国流转税体系的具体累退程度。

If any information that has been deleted from a consumer's file pursuant to subparagraph is reinserted in the file, the consumer reporting agency shall notify the consumer of the reinsertion in writing not later than 5 business days after the reinsertion or, if authorized by the consumer for that purpose, by any other means available to the agency.

如根据 小段，任何已从消费者档案中删除的信息重新加入到档案中，消费者报告机构应当在重新加入后的5个工作日内以书面形式，或如经消费者为此授权，以任何其他可行使的方式，通知消费者。

Notwithstanding paragraph (1), a consumer reporting agency may terminate a reinvestigation of information disputed by a consumer under that paragraph if the agency reasonably determines that the dispute by the consumer is frivolous or irrelevant, including by reason of a failure by a consumer to provide sufficient information to investigate the disputed information.

一般规定。除(1)段的规定外，消费者报告机构可终止对消费者提出的异议的重新调查，当机构合理地决定消费者提出的异议是无意义的或无关的，包括由于消费者没有对争议信息的调查提供允分的信息

A consumer reporting agency shall maintain reasonable procedures designed to prevent the reappearance in a consumer's file, and in consumer reports on the consumer, of information that is deleted pursuant to this paragraph other than information that is reinserted in accordance with subparagraph

消费者报告机构应当遵循合理的程序，以防止在消费者档案或消费者报告中，根据本段（按小段重新加入的信息除外）被删除的信息再次出现。

The producer surplus theory and consumer surplus theory were applied to deduce the cross subsidies among market participants in electricity pool under double auction mechanism, when market-wide system marginal price was used as settlement rule.

论文基于微观经济学中的生产者剩余和消费者剩余理论，推导论证了在对发电方和用户双侧开放的市场环境中，集中交易模式下采用全市场统一边际价格进行交易结算时产生交叉补贴的原因。

Alternatively, the con- trollers can use the synchronous rectifier itself or loss- less inductor current-sensing methods to provide overload protection with lower power dissipation.

另外，康威特罗勒斯可以使用同步整流器本身或亏损减少电感电流检测方法，以提供低功耗过载保护。

Mr. Dauber's other Schatz hangs in his home movie studio.

多伯把沙兹的另一件作品挂在家里的电影室。