查询词典 construction freezing method

This article analyses the application conditions of freezing method, current research status and the problems in this field. It points that it's necessary to study deep freezing temperature field deeply and discusses the factors which influence the freezing wall such as soil's nature, moisture content, geological conditions, etc. It introduces the theory, process of freezing method, the distribution of temperature field of freezing method and key thermotics parameters influencing freezing temperature field. It simplifies the deep freezing temperature field model. Through ANSYS, this article founds the deep freezing temperature field model, and simulates the field on vary heat conductivities. It analyzes the results of ANSYS simulation, gains the theoretical value of thermometric holes which is needed by back-analysis. Using the simulation temperature and actual value, it gets the equivalent heat conductivity. Then it solves the deep freezing temperature field by the equivalent value, simulates the freezing wall development process and temperature change curve. Against the actual project, the results are favorable.

文中分析了冻结法施工的应用条件，目前对冻结法施工的研究现状和在此领域内存在的问题，指出了对深土冻结温度场进行深入研究分析的必要性；对影响冻结壁形成发展的因素如冻土土性、含水量、地质条件及施工方法等因素进行了论述；对冻结法施工的原理、过程，冻结法温度场的分布情况，影响冻结温度场分布的主要热学参数进行了综述；对深土冻土温度场模型进行了合理的简化，通过ANSYS大型有限元分析软件，建立了深土冻结温度场的模型，对不同导热系数情况下的深土冻结温度场进行了模拟；对ANSYS的模拟结果进行了定性的分析，通过对ANSYS结果的后处理取得了反分析时需要用到的测温孔理论温度值；经过对测温孔模拟温度值和实测温度值的分析，得到了冻结温度场的等效导热系数；使用等效导热系数对深土冻结温度场进行了求解，模拟了冻结壁发展情况和温度场中的温度变化曲线，用所得结果对比工程实际情况，取得了较好的效果。

This article analyses the application conditions of freezing method, current research status and the problems in thisiold. It, points that it" s necessary to study deep freezing temperature field deeply and discusses the factors which influence the freezing wall such as soil" s nature, moisture content, geological conditions, etc. It introduces the theory, process of freezing method, the distribution of temperature field of freezing method and key thermotics parameters influencing freezing temperature field, it simplifies the deep freezing temperature field model. Through ANSYS, this article founds the deep freezing temperature field model, and simulates the field on vary heat conductivities. It analyzes the results of ANSYS simulation, gains the theoretical value of thermometric holes which is needed by back analysis. Using the simulation temperature and actual value, it gets the equivalent heat conductivity. Then it solves the deep freezing temperature field by the equivalent value, simulates the freezing wall development process and temperature change curve. Against the actual project, the results are favorable.

文中分析了冻结法施工的应用条件，目前对冻结法施工的研究现状和在此领域内存在的问题，指出了对深土冻结温度场进行深入研究分析的必要性；对影响冻结壁形成发展的因素如冻土土性、含水量、地质条件及施工方法等因素进行了论述；对冻结法施工的原理、过程，冻结法温度场的分布情况，影响冻结温度场分布的主要热学参数进行了综述；对深土冻土温度场模型进行了合理的简化，通过ANSYS大型有限元分析软件，建立了深土冻结温度场的模型，对不同导热系数情况下的深土冻结温度场进行了模拟；对ANSYS的模拟结果进行了定性的分析，通过对ANSYS结果的后处理取得了反分析时需要用到的测温孔理论温度值；经过对测温孔模拟温度值和实测温度值的分析，得到了冻结温度场的等效导热系数；使用等效导热系数对深土冻结温度场进行了求解，模拟了冻结壁发展情况和温度场中的温度变化曲线，用所得结果对比工程实际情况，取得了较好的效果。

Through the authorized strength of construction organization design, can consider all-sidedly the various specific execution conditions that will build project , foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses land will decide reasonable the programme of construction, determine construction order, construction method and labour organization, reasonably comprehensive arrangement will be under construction surely progress plan; To build the design scheme of project the reasonability on economy, the scientificness on technology with in enforcement the possibility on project expounds and proves offer basis; To build the unit planned and construction enterprise construction working plan and enforcement of authorized strength of capital construction of authorized strength to be under construction prepare to work to plan offer basis; Can will build construction and the design of project;, the construction organization work of technology and all construction arrangements of economy, front and rear and construction enterprise and specific project more combine closely; Can the construction unit and cooperation unit, department and department that directly attends , stage and stage and course - the relation between course coordinate better.

通过施工组织设计的编制，可以全面考虑拟建工程的各种具体施工条件，扬长避短地拟定合理的施工方案，确定施工顺序、施工方法和劳动组织，合理地统筹安排拟定施工进度计划；为拟建工程的设计方案在经济上的合理性，在技术上的科学性和在实施工程上的可能性进行论证提供依据；为建设单位编制基本建设计划和施工企业编制施工工作计划及实施施工准备工作计划提供依据；可以把拟建工程的设计与施工；、技术与经济、前方与后方和施工企业的全部施工安排与具体工程的施工组织工作更紧密地结合起来；可以把直接参加的施工单位与协作单位、部门与部门、阶段与阶段、过程-与过程之间的关系更好地协调起来。

Visa, science and technology development Co, LTD Customer manager upervisor October 2006 to March 2008 Working location: xian Job responsibilities and performance: Customer manager marketing 6 number subordinates Mainly responsible for yahoo search for promotion and web hosting, domain name registration, suppositional mainframe, Responsible for employee training, orientation, regional sales team in the audience of the product sales plan and customers, Meeting with the marketing process design and implementation, Sales: Shaanxi worker international travel service website construction site construction and the domain name registration of space Poly million rosefinch international website construction site construction and multiplex domain registration of space Xian yuan and magnetic power limited company yahoo search for Xian fujian Lin sports Co, LTD, yahoo search for Xian Orient enterprise yahoo search for Xian metal Co, LTD is explained.the long website construction and yahoo search for Xian hualong chemical Co, LTD. Yahoo search for Xian han hospital website construction site construction and the domain name registration of space Xian made mountain hospital website construction site construction and the domain name registration of space Xian of technology Co, LTD BaoLin plant construction site construction site and the domain name registration of space Xian whoa outdoor shop website construction site construction and the domain name registration of space Beijing phoenix 42 ° hot yoga website construction and the domain name registration of space ... Education background Renmin university of China 2008 - today gaduate business administration management Airline worker xian university September 2004 - July 2007 E-commerce of management science and engineering college | xian in shaanxi Professional description: Management of electronic Commerce Department Training and experience Product marketing channels June 2008 Training: guanghua school age Training: The methods and channels of product marketing techniques The outstation of Beijing staff Network product sales skills August 2007 Training duration: two months City: xian Training institutions: yahoo's headquarters Training: Network product sales skills and yahoo's search for sales skills and case analysis Yahoo offices all sales.

维萨特科技发展有限公司客户经理/主管 2006年10月- 2008年3月工作地点：西安工作职责和业绩：客户经理|市场部下属人数：6 主要负责yahoo搜索竞价的推广和网站建设，域名、虚拟主机的注册；负责入职员工的培训、团队组建，销售区域内的产品受众客户群的分析及销售计划的制定；会议营销的会以流程设计及组织实施；销售业绩：陕西职工国际旅行社网站建设网站建设及域名空间的注册保利万和朱雀国际影城网站建设网站建设及域名空间的注册西安元创磁动力有限公司 yahoo搜索竞价西安闽林康体有限公司 yahoo搜索竞价西安东方木器厂 yahoo搜索竞价西安长太特重金属有限公司网站建设及yahoo搜索竞价西安华隆化工有限公司 yahoo搜索竞价西安秦汉医院网站建设网站建设及域名空间的注册西安立山医院网站建设网站建设及域名空间的注册西安宝林植化科技有限公司网站建设网站建设及域名空间的注册西安哇噻户外用品店网站建设网站建设及域名空间的注册北京凤凰42度热瑜伽网站建设及域名空间的注册……教育背景中国人民大学 2008年-今工商管理|管理|本科北京西安航空职工大学 2004年9月- 2007年7月电子商务|管理科学与工程类|大专|陕西西安专业描述：管理工程系电子商务专业培训经历产品渠道营销 2008年6月培训机构：时代光华培训描述：产品渠道营销的手段及技巧北京分部全体人员网络产品销售技巧 2007年8月培训时长：两月城市：西安培训机构：雅虎总部培训描述：网络产品销售销售技巧及雅虎搜索竞价等销售技巧及案例剖析雅虎综合区全体销售

Therefore liquid CO_2 avoids gas-solid multiphase flow, and supplies continuous low temperature gas for cryoprobe. Experimental results show that the 2-dimension temperature distribution for the first time, it includes:(1) The cooling velocity and freezing zone increases along the flux up at certain size of the cryoprobe in the same biological tissue.(2) As the diameter of cryoprobe increases, the temperature will descend faster, freezing zone will be broader obviously, and ice ball become larger. Until it arrives heat balance, the temperature keeps invariability.(3) Single freezing-thaw results in biggish mechanical injury already for loosen tissue such as pork liver; Successive freeze-thaw circle could quicken freezing and thaw velocity for compact tissue, and it has proved the more mechanical injury of successive freeze-thaw circle than the single freezing-thaw treatment.

文中首次对生物组织进行了二维温度场分布实验研究，得出：(1)当刀头大小一定，对同一组织冷冻时，流量越大，降温速度越快，降温影响区域越大；(2)随着冷刀直径的增加，降温速度随着增加；温度影响区域明显增大；冰球直径也随着增大，热量平衡后温度几乎不随时间变化；(3)对于结构疏松组织比如猪肺脏，单次冻融对组织已造成较大的机械破损；对于结构较致密组织，多次反复冻融可以使降温和复温速率增加，单次冻融的热应力造成的机械破损较小，多次冻融后造成的机械破损比单次冻融所造成的机械破损大；(4)直喷式刀头比导热式节能约15％。

1Niche construction can lead to stable coexistence of diverse genotypes in spatially structured population, which supports a stable polymorphism even without heterozygote superiority.(2)With habitat deterioration, niche construction accelerates the formation of steady polymorphism and hence impedes the harmful influences of environment on the population, which might embody a life-history strategy of organism under the unfavorable environment.(3)Niche construction results in the coexistence with alternative polymorphism through genotype-environment feedback and limited gene flow.(4)The niche-constructing organism is an active force to alter its environment and hence the direction of natural selection in order to better survival.(5)Spatial dynamics and distribution pattern of metapopulation are profoundly influenced by time-lagged niche construction.(6)Metapopulation size can reach a fixed level in the recency effect and equal weighting of time lag but is statistical stability in primacy effect, which implies the primacy effect is most remarkable.(7)The increment in the relative weightingof each generation\' niche construction and the length of time lag are significant factors for system destabilization.(8)Moderate capacity of positive niche construction benefits the metapopulation persistence.(9)The narrowing of niche breadth can decrease the metapopulation size and thereby increase the extinction risk.(10)The coupled function of time lag and niche construction make the system oscillation and generate the spiral wave, spiral-broken and circular wave in heterogeneous habitat.The spatial distributions of metapopulation and resource content are complementary due to a phase lag of their both frequencies.(12)Metapopulation persistence with niche construction depends not only on the balance between colonization and extinction, but also on the balance between the ability of niche construction and natural dissipation of habitat.(13)Metapopula-tion can survive under certain condition when the percent of suitable patches in habitat is lower than the ration of extinction to colonization.(14)Two thresholds exist in the process of transition of habitat quality dynamics from unsuitable to suitable, which include the intensity of niche construction and the initial condition of system.(15)Metapopulation size is positive correlated with the ability of positive niche construction, which means that organism or population who has strongly positive influences on their environment plays an important role to maintain the available habitat.

通过上述几个方面的研究，主要得出以下15条结论：(1)生态位构建可使空间结构种群，甚至是在没有杂合子优势的条件下，形成多种可能的稳定基因型分布模式；(2)随着环境的破坏与恶化，种群的生态位构建作用加速其较早形成稳定多态以阻碍环境对种群的不利影响，解释了有机体在不利环境下的一种生活史对策；(3)生态位构建作用通过基因型—环境反馈机制及有限的基因交流导致基因型多态的稳定共存；(4)有机体的生态位构建作用是一种积极的动力改变环境进而改变其自然选择的方向；(5)生态位构建的时滞作用对集合种群动态和空间分布产生深刻影响；(6)集合种群大小在时滞的崭新效应和等权重效应下达到一固定值，而在首位效应下达到统计稳定，表明首位效应的影响最显著；(7)首位效应下生态位构建相对权重的增量和时滞的长度是影响系统不稳定性动态的关键因素；(8)适中的生态位构建强度有利于集合种群的续存；(9)生态位宽度变窄会减少集合种群的数量从而增加其灭绝风险；(10)时滞和生态位构建的双重作用使系统产生周期振荡，并在异质性环境中产生稳定的螺旋波，破碎的螺旋波和环形波三种分布模式；(11)集合种群与资源含量的空间分布因为相滞而互补；(12)具有生态位构建的集合种群续存不仅取决于侵占率与灭绝率之间的平衡，而且依赖于生态位构建能力同其生境的自然消耗速率之间的妥协；(13)当生境中适合侵占的斑块比例小于其侵占率与灭绝率之比时，生态位构建作用促使集合种群在一定条件下续存：(14)生境斑块的状态从不适合到适合转变过程中存在生态位构建强度和系统初始条件这两个阈值；(15)集合种群的大小同正生态位构建能力正相关，意味着对环境具有较强正作用的有机体对维持有效生境起积极作用。

The entrance section of FuXi Double-arched Tunnel is modeled in the fact of factual shallow buried and unsymmetrical pressure condition. Adopting the three heading construction method to simulate twelve kinds of construction projects, confirm reasonable construction orders and left and right tunnel face interval, systematically analyze and research the changing law of the tunnel deformation and surrounding rock stress in soft and cracked condition of surrounding rock,bring forward pertinent advices against construction disease; Build the deep buried tunnel model in middle section of tunnel , separately adopt the central heading bench cut benching method and the central heading full cross method to simulate ten kinds of construction projects, establish the reasonable construction orders, sidestep length and tunnel face interval, which are due to the deep buried tunnel, systematically analyze and research the change law of the tunnel deformation and surrounding rock stress in the section with good surrounding rock condition, bring forward the reasonable construction projects which can make sure of construction safety and save construction time; Because the central wall is disturbed many times during constructing process, its displacement and stress distribution is very complex.

富溪隧道进口段依照实际的浅埋偏压状况建立模型，采用三导洞法开挖模拟了12种方案，确定了合理的施工顺序和左右主洞掌子面错距，系统地分析研究了软弱破碎围岩浅埋偏压段施工的隧道变形和围岩应力变化规律，提出了防止施工病害的针对性建议；洞身段按深埋隧道建立模型，分别采用中导洞台阶法和中导洞全断面法模拟了10种方案，确立了适合深埋隧道的合理施工顺序、台阶长度和掌子面错距，系统分析研究了围岩较好深埋段施工的隧道变形和围岩应力变化规律，提出了兼顾施工安全和节省工期的合理施工方案；由于受到多次扰动，中隔墙的位移和应力变化规律较为复杂，通过对各种方案的对比分析，得出了中隔墙在施工不同阶段的位移变化规律、应力变化规律和应力分布规律，尤其对于浅埋偏压段隧道施工时中隔墙位移和应力变化规律做了深入研究，提出了合理的施工建议。

In order to ensure the construction process safe and the bridge structure would reach its ideal state, lots of questions in its whole construction control and swivel ereetion construction control are discussed and studied.Firstly, based on the experiences about the cable-stayed bridge's construction control, do emulational anlysis to Sui Fenhe cable-stayed bridge by using the bridge analyzing program of BSAS and Dbridge, analyze the parameters' sensitivity, study the temperature effects, discern the relevant parameter's errors about construction control and optimize its construction state.Secondly, as an example of Sui Fenhe cable-stayed bridge's swivel erection construction control, present the design and construction techniques of simple point supporting and even articulation and level swivel erection for long-span cable-stayed bridge, study its load-bearing system, balance system, power system and adjustment system in detail, check its static stability on the state of swivel erection construction and monitor the whole swivel erection construction.

首先，在斜拉桥施工控制经验的基础上，用桥梁结构分析程序BSAS和Dbridge对绥芬河斜拉桥进行了详细的施工仿真分析，参数敏感性分析，温度效应分析，施工控制影响参数误差分析和结构施工状态的最优化控制；其次，以绥芬河斜拉桥转体施工控制为例，介绍了大跨度斜拉桥单点平铰水平转体设计与施工技术，详细研究斜拉桥单点平铰水平转体支承系统、平衡系统、动力系统和调整系统，并对本桥结构转体施工做静力稳定性验算及转体过程的监控。

This thesis firstly elaborates on researches at home and abroad on factors affecting the development of the construction industry, defines the contents of the construction industry, introduces its function and expounds the impact mechanism of various factors affecting the construction industry. Secondly, this thesis carries on a brief analysis on the current situation of development in Anhui construction industry to reflect its achievements and shortage since the beginning of reform and opening up, and makes a comparative analysis and comprehensive evaluation on the regional development level of Anhui construction industry through the method of Factor Analysis. Thirdly, this thesis tries to calculate the contribution rate of technical progress, labor and capital in economic growth of Anhui construction industry with the method of linear regression, empirically analyze the external factors affecting the development of Anhui construction industry by means of co-integration and granger causality test, and predict the development of Anhui construction industry by using the method of principal components regression.

本文首先对国内外有关建筑业发展影响因素的研究现状进行详细论述，界定建筑业的内涵和介绍建筑业的作用，研究各因素对建筑业发展的影响机理；其次，对安徽建筑业发展现状作了概括性的分析，以反映改革开放以来安徽建筑业取得的成绩和存在的不足，并运用因子分析法对安徽建筑业区域发展水平作了比较分析和综合评价；再次，运用线性回归法测算出安徽建筑业经济增长中的技术进步贡献率、劳动贡献率和资本贡献率，然后运用协整和Granger因果检验方法实证分析安徽建筑业发展的外部影响因素，运用主成分回归方法对安徽建筑业发展作了精度较高的预测。

The main results are shown as follows:1.Screening freezing tolerant cultivars and lines of chrysanthemumTwenty seven lines of chrysanthemum grown outdoors were screened using \'injury rate\' and \'injury index\'.There were 7 cultivars and lines,which were relatively high tolerant to freezing treatment,i.e.,\'Jinbuhuan\',\'Xuetao\',\'Fuli\',\'Donglin 4\',\'Donglin 6\',\'Donglin 9\', and \'Donglin 13\'.There were 3 cultivars and lines,which were less tolerant,i.e.,\'Fenmeigui\', \'Donglin 1\',and \'Donglin 2\';The determination of electrolyte leakage,and contents of free proline,MDA,CAT,fructose,glucose and soluble sugars on 7 lines of chrysanthemums at different stages freezing showed that \'Xuetao\' and \'Donglin 4\' were more tolerant than others, and that especially \'Donglin 4\' was able to regulate its osmotic pathway to alleviate the \'injury degree\' caused by freezing conditions.2.Protein expression profile of chrysanthemum under low temperature stressTwo-dimensional liquid chromatography was applied to fractionate and analyze total protein taken from \'Donglin 4\' leaves grown at low temperature and at normal condition. Chromatography peaks of fraction were transformed to gel graph by ProteoVue software.

主要研究结果如下：1、露地菊抗冻品种和品系的筛选利用受伤率和伤害指数两项指标对27个露地菊品系进行耐低温筛选，筛选出'金不换\'、'雪涛\'、'富丽\'、'东林4号\'、'东林6号\'、'东林9号\'、'东林13号\'等7个耐低温品系，同时发现'粉玫瑰\'、'东林1号\'、'东林2号\'三个品系的耐低温能力最差；通过对不同自然低温处理时期，7个品系的电导率、丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量、过氧化氢酶、果糖、葡萄糖和可溶性糖等指标的测定发现，'雪涛\'和'东林4号\'的耐低温能力要强于其它品系，尤其是'东林4号\'对低温的调节能力较强，在低温胁迫下，能够调节渗透途径减轻低温的伤害。2、低温胁迫下，露地菊蛋白质表达谱分析利用二维液相色谱技术，分离了'东林4号\'露地菊品系的低温处理和对照样品的总蛋白，通过ProteoVue软件分析发现：处理样品与对照相比共有蛋白差异点36个，其中显著增强表达的蛋白差异点有26个。

Hanna: That's over now, isn't it?

都结束了，对吗

You must be ill. You look so pale.

你一定是病了，你的脸色苍白。