查询词典 construction field

The author of this article has the experience in development projects management and leams from domestic existing research results of construction-agent system.In this particular environment of constructions in new district,author research on the sign of construction contract,the choice of construction-agent,the scope of construction-agent,the organization of construction-agent,as well as the costs of construction-agent and management risks of construction-agent system that from the perspective of construction-agent.

本文作者在开发区从事工程项目管理工作，广泛借鉴国内已有的代建制研究成果，在城市新区建设这个特殊环境，从代建人的角度对代建合同签署、代建人选择、代建范围、代建组织方式以及代建费用管理及代建制风险等进行了应用研究。

The realized conditions of the construction industry supply chain synergy are put forward through the analysis of the construction industry vertical supply chain synergy using the method of evolutionary game (taking the construction suppliers and the general contractors for example). With the horizontal coordination problems in the construction market put forward, the synergetic mechanisms among the government, industry associations, market players and the rules of the market in the construction market are analyzed. The existed technology-economic system coordinated model is improved and the synergetic degree model of construction industry system itself is set up. The conclusion is drawn that the economic benefit indicators and technology indicators of Chinese construction industry system synergy low and the two must be synergized through the analysis of the synergetic degree of the economic benefit indicators and technology indicators of the construction industry system.

5对建筑业纵向供应链协同(以建筑供应商和总承包商为例)进行了演化博弈分析，提出了建筑业供应链协同的实现条件；分析了建筑市场中政府、行业协会、市场主体、市场规则之间的协同机制；对已有的科技——经济系统协调模型进行改进，形成了建筑业系统本身的协同度模型，并对建筑业系统的经济效益和科技指标的协同度进行分析，得出我国目前建筑业系统的经济效益指标和科技指标的协同度低，必须协同二者之间的关系。

After take analyzed deeply for the opened magnet circuit with FEMM (Finite Element Method Magnetics) we find out the field distributing that is separated into three sections . One is the main area what we called as positive field section. Beside the main field there are tow areas that are called the inverted field sections. Loudspeaker arise a very serious distortion when the voice coil moving into inverted field areas. The direction of induced current in the coil part of entered inverted field area is same with the current driving into loudspeaker so that total currents increas largely and heat increase rapidly. With more coils moving into inverted area the voice coil will take on negative inductance properties. It is the main reason that voice coil is burned by heating with increasing current due to arise negative inductance. So opened magnetic circuit is not suitable for the woofers in which the voice coil have wider displacement range. When using this kind magnetic circuit design, the voice coil moving range should be less than the range of positive field to avoid loudspeaker arise serious distortion and heating. Even though voice coil moving range is in the positive area, loudspeaker will still arise more distortion because the field distribution is very cliffy at tow sides of the positive area and full range of magnetic field distribution is not parallel that will arise distortion. Base on above reasons, opened magnetic circuit is not an ideal magnetic circuit for low-frequency loudspeakers. But it can be used in mid-range or high-frequency productions.

开式磁路是由2片钕铁硼磁铁和主导磁板和导磁垫片组成，我们在实践过程中发现这种磁路结构不适合于低频扬声器的使用，我们通过使用FEMM（Finite Element Method Magnetics）软件包对该磁路进行了分析，该磁路的磁场范围被分成3个区域，其中在主导磁板附近形成一个正向磁场，在正向磁场的两边存在反向的磁场，音圈在工作时有很大一部分进入了反向磁场中，在反向磁场内线圈的感应电流方向与驱动电流方向相同，使得音圈呈现出负感抗特性，由于音圈的负感抗特性引起电流的增加导致音圈发热甚至烧毁，因此在扬声器中使用开式磁路时，音圈的运动范围应控制在正向磁场范围之内，否则音圈运动到反向磁场区域时将会产生很大的失真和发热，即使在设计时已经将音圈的运动范围控制在正向磁场范围之内，由于正向磁场的2个边缘磁场强度衰减太快，同时开式磁路中磁场的分布不是平行的，而是自由发散的分布，这样肯定会导致扬声器的非线性失真，因此我们得到的结论是：开式磁路并不是一个理想的磁路，它不适合于低频扬声器的使用，但它还可以应用于中高频扬声器。

The opened magnetic circuit is composed as tow NdFeB permanent magnets and a top plate without U-yoke. After take analyzed deeply for the opened magnet circuit with FEMM (Finite Element Method Magnetics) we find out the field distributing that is separated into three sections . One is the main area what we called as positive field section. Beside the main field there are tow areas that are called the inverted field sections. Loudspeaker arise a very serious distortion when the voice coil moving into inverted field areas. The direction of induced current in the coil part of entered inverted field area is same with the current driving into loudspeaker so that total currents increas largely and heat increase rapidly. With more coils moving into inverted area the voice coil will take on negative inductance properties. It is the main reason that voice coil is burned by heating with increasing current due to arise negative inductance. So opened magnetic circuit is not suitable for the woofers in which the voice coil have wider displacement range. When using this kind magnetic circuit design, the voice coil moving range should be less than the range of positive field to avoid loudspeaker arise serious distortion and heating. Even though voice coil moving range is in the positive area, loudspeaker will still arise more distortion because the field distribution is very cliffy at tow sides of the positive area and full range of magnetic field distribution is not parallel that will arise distortion. Base on above reasons, opened magnetic circuit is not an ideal magnetic circuit for low-frequency loudspeakers. But it can be used in mid-range or high-frequency productions.

开式磁路是由2片钕铁硼磁铁和主导磁板和导磁垫片组成，我们在实践过程中发现这种磁路结构不适合于低频扬声器的使用，我们通过使用FEMM（Finite Element Method Magnetics）软件包对该磁路进行了分析，该磁路的磁场范围被分成3个区域，其中在主导磁板附近形成一个正向磁场，在正向磁场的两边存在反向的磁场，音圈在工作时有很大一部分进入了反向磁场中，在反向磁场内线圈的感应电流方向与驱动电流方向相同，使得音圈呈现出负感抗特性，由于音圈的负感抗特性引起电流的增加导致音圈发热甚至烧毁，因此在扬声器中使用开式磁路时，音圈的运动范围应控制在正向磁场范围之内，否则音圈运动到反向磁场区域时将会产生很大的失真和发热，即使在设计时已经将音圈的运动范围控制在正向磁场范围之内，由于正向磁场的2个边缘磁场强度衰减太快，同时开式磁路中磁场的分布不是平行的，而是自由发散的分布，这样肯定会导致扬声器的非线性失真，因此我们得到的结论是：开式磁路并不是一个理想的磁路，它不适合于低频扬声器的使用，但它还可以应用于中高频扬声器。

Shaanxi-Ru 100 million construction and installation Decoration Engineering Co., Ltd. is engaged in building mechanical and electrical equipment installation, indoor and outdoor decoration, landscaping, fountain sculpture, construction steel, petroleum pipelines, corrosion insulation waterproofing, water and electricity HVAC, building curtain wall, intelligent engineering , communications equipment installation works, fire road traffic facilities and road roadbed, bridges and sports facilities, engineering design, construction, installation, construction decoration project budget and final accounts and audit preparation and audit consulting services, advertising, production and dissemination; Xi'an Highway Transportation Facilities Reflective signs of construction engineering, Xi'an, Xi'an, speed hump, protective Misnomer, Xian-chu, anti-collision warning, various traffic cone, wide-angle convex mirror, reflective vest, construction clothing, crash the water horse, contour standard, reflective spike , Anti-glare panels, bull barrel, triangle warning planes, the warning line, barrier tape, high-brightness lattice reflective film, parking locks, retaining wall protector, traffic Plum lights, traffic baton, reflective materials, hot melt crossed the road machine, Xi'an road cold spray liner machine, parking smart Barrier, Barrier intelligent toll station, as well as all levels of roads, community, school construction projects such as crossed.

陕西儒亿建筑安装装饰工程有限公司是从事建筑机电设备安装、室内外装饰装修、园林绿化、喷泉雕塑、建筑钢结构、石油管道、防腐保温防水工程、水电暖通、建筑幕墙、智能化工程、通讯设备安装工程、消防道路交通设施和公路路基路面、桥梁及体育场设施工程的设计、施工、安装，建筑装饰工程预决算与审计编制及审核咨询服务，广告设计制作与发布；西安公路交通设施工程部施工西安反光标志牌，西安橡胶减速带，防护隔离栏，西安防撞警示柱，各种交通锥，广角凸面镜，反光背心，施工服装，防撞水马，轮廓标，反光道钉，防眩板，防撞筒，三角警示架、警戒线、护栏带，高亮度晶格反光膜，车位锁，护墙角保护器，交通梅花灯，交通指挥棒，反光材料，道路热熔划线机，西安道路冷喷划线机，停车场智能道闸，收费站智能道闸，以及各级公路、社区、校园等划线施工工程。

This design basis construction diagram paper,the geology draws up after explore the report and the local hydrology geology,the weather condition investigate on the spot, mainly include engineering general situation,construction to prepare,construction deployment,start construction project,the point crux control,start construction progress plan and promise measure and start construction the plane chart decoration and face to establish several aspect contentses, such as the decoration,the item risk control,the item information control and the item cost control...etc., body now construction the item management program of aim at a main characteristics of sex,implement,operability...etc..

本设计依据施工图纸、地质勘探报告及当地水文地质、气象条件并实地考察后编制，主要包括工程概况、施工准备、施工部署、施工方案、重点难点控制、施工平面图布置和临设布置、施工进度计划及保证措施、质量保证措施、工程安全防护及文明施工保证措施、项目风险控制、项目信息控制、项目成本控制等几方面内容，体现了施工项目管理规划的针对性、实施性、操作性等主要特点。

The design includineg the unit project cost summary, construction budget, comprehensive price analysis of the list of subpart construction volume, computing mode, reinforced matrix summary sheet, and construction organizational design, is calculated, comes to the construction cost, and further works out the construction organizational design under the relevant regulations of construction pricing of Hunan province in order to make a provision for the construction unit bidding and price quotation, and make a full preparation for successful contruction mission drafting..

本设计包括了施工组织设计和施工图预算两部分。根据湖南省工程计价相关规定以及建设单位提供的土建施工图进行计算，得出建设工程造价并进行施工组织设计的编制。施工组织设计包括了施工方案、施工进度计划和人、材、机的安排。预算部分包括了工程预算、工程量计算式和相关表格。

By this way, it can be seen that the risks of natural disaster and accident can be transferred by construction insurance and that man-caused risks by construction bond. Furthermore, this paper studies the legal problems in the implementation of construction insurance and bond system and the correspondent laws that need to be improved. With reference to construction insurance, it is compulsive to carry out Contractor"s All Risks, Erection All Risks, Employer"s Liability Insurance, Supervisory Engineer/Designer Professional Liability Insurance and Maintenance Insurance. As for construction bond, it is suitable to take the method of surety bond and implement obligatorily Bid Bond, Performance Bond, Employer Payment Bond and Contractor Payment Bond. In addition, this paper analyses the problems in the implementation of construction insurance and bond system in China and presents corresponding solutions. In the end, it provides a method by option price theory to estimate the costs of construction bond.

本文首先借鉴国外工程保险和担保制度，通过工程保险可以有效的转移自然灾害和意外事故风险，通过工程担保转移各种人为风险；其次研究了在我国实行工程保险和担保制度存在的法律问题和需完善的相关法律，提出在工程保险方面，应强制实行建筑工程一切险、安装工程一切险、质量保修保险、设计/监理责任险，在工程担保方面，宜采取保证担保的方式，强制实行投标保证担保、履约保证担保、业主履约保证担保和付款保证担保，分析了在我国实行工程保险和担保制度存在的问题，提出相应对策；最后运用期权价格理论给出了确定工程担保费用的一种方法。

Sichuan Construction Engineering Company Limited, Kowloon talent formerly Yuechi County in Sichuan Province, Kowloon construction company, was founded in 1985, is a collection of real estate development, Construction and decoration materials, Wujinjiaodian, the new generation of private sales of building materials Enterprises, with the building construction, road construction, water conservancy and hydropower construction, municipal utility construction general contracting business two qualification.

四川才华九龙建设工程有限公司原名四川省岳池县九龙建筑工程公司，成立于一九八五年，是一个集房地产开发、建筑工程施工、装饰材料、五金交电、建材销售的新生代民营企业，具房建施工、公路工程施工、水利水电施工、市政公用施工总承包二级企业资质。

As the open of China construction market, private construction companies with a flexible and low cost system is developed and grown rapidly, foreign construction magnate with capital and management advantages is landing in China, Large state-owned construction enterprises depend on client resources and historical accumulation jelled, moreover, the construction industry technical content is not too high, most of the surplus rural labor force entered the construction industry, construction production ability became superfluous, building market oversupply competition pattern has been formed.

随着我国建筑市场的进一步发展和开放，民营建筑公司凭着灵活的体制和低廉的成本迅速发展壮大，国外建筑巨头携资本与管理优势抢滩登陆，大型国有建筑企业靠客户资源和历史积累放手一搏，加之施工行业技术含量不高，农村剩余劳务力大多进入建筑行业，施工生产能力大幅度增长，建筑市场供大于求的竞争格局已经形成，此外国家通过法律法规的形式进一步规范了市场竞争行为，尤其是《中华人民共和国招标投标法》和《建设工程工程量清单计价规范》的先后颁发，给市场竞争提供了法律依据和技术支撑，合理低价中标是业主选择承包方最常用的定标原则。

More direct, directer ; most direct, directest

径直的，笔直的

Do you know how to use a chain saw?

你知道如何使用链锯吗？