查询词典 considering that

The main factors affecting the soil-structure interface behaviors were found experimentally and theoretically, including: 1 the thickness of the interface that is five to six times the average grain size of the soil; 2 the aeolotropy of interface, which is responsible for anisotropic response of the stress-strain response of the interface; 3 two physical states, including crashing and compression of the soil near the structure surface, which govern the stress-strain response of the interface strongly; 4 two shear deformation components due to sliding and constraint of the structure surface relative to the soil respectively, which forms the deformation of the interface; 5 the volumetric strain due to dilatancy, which is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. 4. A unified constitutive model of the interface, based on new elasto-plasticity damage theory, was developed. It was confirmed to be effective for the conditions considering monotonic and cyclic shearing, coupling effect of shear and volumetric strains, evolution of physical state, micro-structure aeolotropy of the soil and the resulting aeolotropy of the interface as well as the three normal boundary conditions stated above. 5. 2D and 3D finite element formulations of the present model were derived and incorporated into the FEM codes. They were applied to the evaluation of practical engineering problems with different typical interfaces between soil and structure. The new model was shown to be reasonable and effective.

确定了粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为5～6倍的平均粒径，首次揭示了接触面的细观结构异向性以及由此所引起的宏观剪切异向性，发现了在单调和往返剪切荷载作用下土颗粒破碎和剪切压密两种物态变化机制共同支配着接触面力学性质的变化，通过细观分析证实了接触面的变形可分解为一般同时发生的土与结构交界面上的滑移变形以及结构面位移约束范围之内土体本身的剪切变形两部分，观测到接触面受剪时表现出明显的相对法向位移，并可分解为可逆性和不可逆性两个分量；(4)建立了第一个能够统一地描述单调与往返剪切特性、剪应变与体应变耦合特性、细观结构和宏观剪切异向性以及土颗粒破碎等物态变化特性的土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤本构数学模型，并采用多种法向边界条件复杂加载路径的试验成果验证了新模型的合理性和有效性；(5)提出了新模型的二、三维有限元格式并结合实际边值问题进行了应用计算分析，比较了不同接触面本构模型对计算结果的影响，证实了新模型及其有限元格式不仅能够合理地描述土与结构接触面的主要力学特性，还能够较好地反映土体与结构物在接触面处的滑移、脱开等不连续现象。

The integrated risk between hydraulic, hydrologic uncertainty and the construction scheduling uncertainty should be analyzed. The paper puts forward the risk analysis model for the construction scheduling and the risk analysis model for construction diversion on the assumption that the construction scheduling is affirmable. Thus the Monte-Carlo method is used to simulate the integrated risk of construction diversion system considering hydraulic, hydrologic uncertainty and the construction scheduling uncertainty.

以风险分析为核心，将各种不确定性因素辐合起来研究施工导流系统的综合风险，提出施工进度计划风险分析模型和假定坝体施工进度确定条件下的施工导流风险分析模型，在此基础上，建立基于Monte-Carlo方法全面考虑水文水力不确定性以及施工进度不确定性的施工导流系统综合风险分析模型。

Considering the characteristics of the push-pull air-cushion vehicle, this paper gives the definition of pace steering angle, that is taking the actual steering angle of the moving platform in one pace circle as a pace steering angle.

针对上述问题，结合推拉式气垫车的运动特点，文章给出了单步转向角这样一个定义，即以车辆的一个步进工作循环下运动平台的实际转角作为一个单步转向角，气垫车的实际转向角通过各单步转向角累加而成。

At present, there are many diagnostic model of the evaporation duct, such as P-J model, MGB model, NPS model and Babin model etc. They are based on Monin-Obukhov similar theory, just it is different that confirms the flux and character scale in the surface layer. These models are only applied for the normality and homosphere in open sea without considering the alongshore effect.

目前国内外蒸发波导诊断模式有P-J模式、MGB模式、NPS模式、Babin模式等，但其基本原理都是依赖Monin-Obukhov相似理论，只是用于确定近地层通量的和特征尺度的方法不同，且仅适用于定常和水平均匀的开阔海域，并没有考虑到蒸发波导的近岸效应。

Finally, the scheme " reset chip + pull-up resistor" was selected through a large number of tests considering the alterability of product state and operational reliability. The result shows that the initial state control problem in torpedo control system has been completely solved.

在充分试验验证的基础上，考虑到产品状态更改的便捷和工作可靠性，优选了"复位芯片+上拉电阻"解决方案，从根本上解决了因初态不稳定引起的控制系统不可靠的问题。

Considering the fact that this is a new product, we make an exception to give you a further 1

考虑到这是新产品，所以再给你方1%的折扣。

You are a financial analyst for a company that is considering a new project.

你是一个金融分析师，因为公司正在考虑一个新的项目。

In this paper, we extend the "static model" in Milevsky and Salisbury (2006) by considering a more realistic situation that VA could lapse during the guaranteed period if the annuitant dies earlier. And if this happens, remaining annuity payments discontinue, whereas a death benefit will be offered to maintain the minimum withdrawal guarantee.

本文的研究基础建立在Milevsky and Salisbury (2006)的静态模型上，并且加以考虑变额年金被保险人在保证期间内死亡的情况；若变额年金被保险人於保证期间内死亡，其死亡给付必须能够维持原GMWB承诺之权益。

From the concrete embodiment of the connotation of environmental apocalypticism in the text, it can be seen that the one-sided emphasis on the positive effects of technology and the"development"of human civilization simply through technology without considering the ecological integrity will cause irredeemable environmental disasters.

通过环境启示录意蕴在文本中的具体体现，可以看出不从生态整体考虑而片面地强调技术的正面作用，强调单纯地以技术方式"发展"人类文明将会导致无可挽回的环境灾难。

The newly issued National Elementary and Middle School Equipment Standard in the echo of education reform has a different content from the past ones which added a lot of regulation on educational equipment. It is an important subject, exploring whether the organization manner and application effect is appositely assisting teaching, that is to say what relative result we will get considering the service input and output.

在教育改革风潮下，新颁之国民中小学设备基准（2002），其内容有别以往对教学设备方面增加大量的规定，其设置情形和使用成效是否适切地辅助教学，意即资源投入与产出相对应结果如何是一重要课题。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷