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By 1937 Zeiss listed about 20 high quality monocular, binocular and stereo microscope configurations in their literature. And they also marketed a wide selection of optional attachments and illuminators including at least 33 objectives of from 2X to 120X, and about 20 eyepieces of Huygens, Orthoscopic, and Compensating designs of from 3X to 30X.

1937年，蔡司文献上就已经有了大约20种高品质单目望远镜、双目望远镜和立体显微镜，并且还有很多可选的光学配件，说明书中列出了至少33种2倍到120倍物镜（其中包括6种为使用萤石型），至少大约20种3倍到30倍的惠更斯型，无畸变型(直线型Orthoscopic)，和补偿型目镜。

The electron orbital energy of the different ion-stages as well as different configurations is different in the hot plasmas, therefore the lines of same transition can distribute in certain energy range.

在高温等离子体中，不同价态离子及不同组态的电子轨道能量是不同的，因此相同跃迁的谱线会分布在一定的能量范围内。

Solar power systems are available in a variety of configurations and power output to fit any need and budget.

太阳能发电系统，可在多种配置和功率输出，以适应任何需要和预算。

We expect that the effects of the new gauge boson Z' on the spin configurations of the top quark pair production might be observed in future ILC experiments.

因此我们希望，Z'对顶夸克对产生的自旋结构的贡献可以在未来的ILC实验上探测到。

Explicit definition of internal forces in parallel mechanisms was proposed. The distribution of this kind of forces in singular and non-singular configurations of normal parallel mechanism, redundant parallel mechanisms was discussed.

明确给出了并联机构的内力定义，并对非冗余机构非奇异位置、非冗余机构奇异位置和冗余机构三种情况的内力状况分别进行了说明。

Firstly, electrization knowledge related to the research is introduced. After a deep study on various contact loss detection techniques, especially on the electric arcs detection techniques, we draw the conclusion that the untouched detection technique based on phototube sensor can acquire exact contact loss information, and will to be the leading technique for contact loss measurement in future. Secondly, combining with the special railways system in our country, we analyze the cause of the arcs, and the influence on the power supply system and the on board traction drive due to the arcs in detail, and study the arcs' spectrum characteristic. We also analyze detecting principles and put forward with a method - using phototube sensor to detect the contact loss arcs, conceive the configurations and detection flows of the measurement.

文章通过对电气化铁道相关知识的了解及对国内外离线检测技术的深入了解，尤其是对离线电弧检测技术的了解，总结出了基于光电传感器的非接触离线电弧检测系统能够得到准确的弓网离线情况，并且是国内外检测技术的发展方向；文章详细的分析了离线电弧产生的原因，电弧对机车牵引动力的影响情况，研究了我国铁路系统中离线电弧的光谱特征分布；分析了系统的检测原理，提出了采用光电传感器实现对离线电弧进行检测的方法，并设计了"电力机车弓网离线电弧检测装置"的检测功能和管理功能，规划了系统的组成结构及检测流程。

By controlling the size of pump beam and inserting an intracavity aperture in the plano-concave cavity, we obtain good contrast optical bottles at semi-confocal, 1/3-, and 1/5-degenerate cavity configurations, respectively.

只要适当的控制泵浦光斑与腔内实光栏的大小，在半共焦腔、1/3简并腔、与1/5简并腔下可以产生不同但是对比度极佳的瓶型光束。

It is available in three configurations, including power supply board only, a board with a plug-in transformer, or a board with an enclosure and a plug-in transformer.

它有三种配置，包括电源板，插件变压器板和一个插件变压器。

This may be the reason why, when we are interested in mass point configurations we like to define defects wit-h respect to perfect crystal structures.

由此，当我们对于质点排列的规律产生兴趣时，我们倾向于以完美的晶体结构为标准去定义缺陷。

Three main error sources are the variation of intensities, the orientation errors associated with the configurations of the polariscope and the initial stress existing in the model.

在五步彩色相移法确定等倾角的过程中，主要误差源有起偏镜或分析镜的方位角不准确、模型因边缘效应而产生的初应力和平面偏振仪光学系统中的光强变化。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。