查询词典 concrete layer

The influence of free surface on tunnels is discussed.The influence of blasting vibration on fresh concrete lining is studied. The finite element method is employed to analyze the spatial distribution of temperature and thermal stress of fresh concrete lining, the wave function expansion method is used to study the interaction of blasting seismic wave and the circular tunnel with lining, thenthe safe PPV of fresh concrete lining with different age is decided by taking into account the thermal stress of concrete lining. Using the conformal mapping method, the influence of blasting vibration on the arch tunnel with lining is studied and the safe PPV of concrete lining is deduced under different incident angle.

研究了爆破振动对新浇混凝土衬砌的影响，采用有限元法求出了圆形洞室新浇混凝土衬砌内温度和温度应力在空间上的分布及其随时间的变化，采用波函数展开法求解了爆破地震波与有衬砌圆形洞室的相互作用，获得了考虑新浇混凝土衬砌内温度应力前提下不同龄期的新浇混凝土衬砌的安全振速；利用保角变换研究了爆破振动对直墙拱形有衬砌隧洞的影响，得到了爆破地震波以不同角度入射时混凝土衬砌的安全振速。

Raise concrete impermeability to have line of two kinds of technologies normally, one kind is the impermeability; that the contact that cuts off infiltration and concrete through the 3rd medium will come to raise concrete another kind is the impermeability that will raise concrete through raising the close-grained sex of concrete oneself.

提高混凝土抗渗性通常有两种技术路线，一种是通过第三介质隔断渗透物和混凝土的接触来提高混凝土的抗渗性；另一种是通过提高混凝土自身的密实性来提高混凝土的抗渗性。

In connection with the application of concrete-filled steel tubular column in the engineering practice in this country at present,a new fashioned connection in framed structure of concrete-filled square steel tubular column with reinforced concrete beam was proposed,being a connection of concrete beam with non-through hidden steel corbel steel tubular column filled with concrete.

结合我国现行钢管混凝土柱在实际工程中的应用状况，提出了用于方钢管混凝土柱-钢筋混凝土梁框架结构的新型连接节点形式非穿心暗钢牛腿方钢管混凝土柱与混凝土梁节点，采用了X型加载试验方案，制作了1∶3的试验模型，进行了低周反复荷载作用下的试验研究，得到了相关的钢筋应力应变发展规律和相应的滞回曲线，通过对试验结果节点破坏的机理分析，提出了进一步的改进措施。

The finite difference equation was built by using elemental energy balance of reinforced concrete beam with three surfaces exposing to fire based on the thermal properties of concrete. The influence of the physical or chemical reaction of free or combined water in concrete on the temperature field of concrete was considered by magnifying the specific heat of concrete.

根据三面受火钢筋混凝土梁离散体积单元的能量守恒原理，建立了有限差分平衡方程，在合理确定混凝土热工参数基础上，采用增大混凝土质量热容的方法，考虑混凝土中自由水与结合水的物理化学反应对混凝土温度场的影响。

The prestressed concrete simple beam compares reinforced concrete beam to compare, the merit includes: Uses the high marking concrete, section minification, the dead weight reduces, may increase the spanning ability; Uses the high strength steel bar, may save the steel products; But raises the sorghum body large scale the crack resistance, increases beam's durability, the concrete total cross-section bearing, has fully displayed the concrete resistant to compression performance superiority, also enhanced Liang's rigidity.

预应力混凝土简支梁较钢筋混凝土梁相比，优点有：采用高标号混凝土，截面尺寸减小，梁体自重减轻，可以增大跨越能力；采用高强度的钢筋，可节约钢材；可大幅度提高梁体的抗裂性，增加梁的耐久性，混凝土全截面受压，充分发挥了混凝土抗压性能的优势，也提高了梁的刚度。

The design procedure of concrete mix proportion was analyzed through concrete compression testing,it was proposed that the least-squares method of numeric analysis can decrease the error between the mixed concrete strength and concrete strength provided in the practical engineering can decrease,and can increase the mixed concrete precision technology.

通过做混凝土抗压强度试验对混凝土配合比设计的步骤进行了分析，提出了通过用数值分析中最小二乘法的方法来减小所配混凝土强度和实际工程所提供强度之间的误差，提高所配混凝土精确度的技术。

Combining with the National Natural Science Foundation ofChina(No.50478032), following researches were done in this thesis: 1 The variation regularity of the ultimate anti-bending capacity of therectangular-sectioned beam with different corrosion has been obtained through thequalitative analysis of 48 beams (32 corroded beams and 12 comparing beams) withaccelerated corrosion; 2 The conclusion has been obtained that the strain of corroded steel bar andconcrete no longer fit in with the assumption of plane section through the analysis ofthe strain data, the strain relation of steel bar and concrete in the mid-span section ofvariously corroded beams at ultimate has been obtained. Through the building of newgeometric relation, the expression of the height of compressive area in the corrodedbeam with rectangular section has been deduced, and the formula with corrosion rateas the main variable for the anti-bending capacity of the corroded concrete beam hasbeen suggested and verified by experiment.; 3 The influence of steel bar corrosion and the concrete regression to the flexureductility coefficient of the corroded structure component has been analyzed. Based onthe relation of steel bar and concrete at yield and ultimate, the expression for theflexure at yield and ultimate of corroded reinforced concrete beam, and the model forthe calculation of the flexure ductility has been built.

本文结合国家自然科学基金项目(50478032)"既有钢筋混凝土桥梁时变可靠度研究"，主要进行了以下研究工作： 1通过对48根快速锈蚀钢筋混凝土矩形截面梁(32根锈蚀梁和12根对比试验梁)数据的定性分析，得到了不同锈蚀率下，锈蚀钢筋混凝土矩形截面梁极限抗弯承载力的变化规律； 2通过对应变数据的分析，论证了锈蚀构件钢筋和混凝土的应变不再符合平截面假定的结论，并通过回归分析得出了不同锈蚀率的螺纹钢筋梁和光圆钢筋梁在极限弯矩作用下，跨中截面处钢筋应变和钢筋处混凝土应变的关系，通过构造新的几何关系，得出了锈蚀钢筋混凝土矩形截面梁计算受压区高度的表达式，既而得出了以锈蚀率为主要变量的锈蚀钢筋混凝土矩形截面梁的正截面抗弯计算建议公式，并通过试验数据加以验证； 3分析了钢筋锈蚀和混凝土劣化对锈蚀构件曲率延性系数的影响，结合钢筋屈服和极限弯矩两种状态下钢筋和混凝土的应变关系，分别得到了锈蚀钢筋混凝土矩形截面梁屈服曲率和极限曲率的计算表达式；既而推导出曲率延性系数的计算模型。

Existing literature on the inquiry,collation and analysis,this article had the following major tasks:1st,finite element simulation of the current analytical methods are summarized,and system introduction finite element software ADINA and ANSYS applied in the reinforced concrete built-up section.2nd,system introduction reinforced concrete component material performance as well as reinforced concrete nonlinear analysis main mathematical model. 3rd,the use of ANSYS and ADINA software simply supported beam simulation were compared.4th,uses the ANSYS analysis software,conducted 7 radical center bearing reinforcing steel-side steel pipe concrete short stump simulation test research,the research had indicated the reinforcing steel the existence strengthened the pillar ductility greatly.5th,based on ANSYS,has conducted 2 radical center bearing reinforcing steel-side steel pipe concrete member in bending simulation test research.

通过对现有文献的查询、整理及分析，本文进行了以下主要工作：1、对目前有限元模拟分析方法进行了总结，并系统的介绍了有限元软件ADINA和ANSYS在钢筋混凝土组合结构中应用。2、系统的介绍了钢筋混凝土构件的材料性能以及钢筋混凝土非线性分析的主要数学模型。3、利用ANSYS和ADINA软件对简支梁进行了对比模拟分析。4、利用ANSYS分析软件，进行了7根轴心受压钢骨-方钢管混凝土短柱的模拟试验研究，研究表明钢骨的存在大大加强了柱子的延性。5、利用ANSYS分析软件，进行了2根轴心受压钢骨-方钢管混凝土受弯构件的模拟试验研究。

In the dissertation, the study on carbon fiber reinforced concrete andplain concrete has been reviewed. Then mechano-electric effect of CFRC and plainconcrete, its mechanisms, the interaction among mechano-electric effect,piezoresistivity and seebeck effect, the electrical circuit model of concrete based onmechano-electric effect, electromagnetic emission of concrete, the mathematicalmodel of mechano-electric effect are investigated. Also the converse effect ofmechano-electric effect of CFRC and plain concrete, that is, electromechanicaleffect, and the interaction between electromechanical effect and electrothermaleffect of CFRC are examined.

本文对碳纤维混凝土和素混凝土机敏性的国内外研究现状进行了全面的评述，在大量实验分析的基础上，系统地研究了碳纤维混凝土和素混凝土的力电机敏性，研究了力电效应机理、力电效应与其它效应(压阻效应、塞贝克效应等)的耦合关系、基于力电效应的混凝土电学模型、混凝土电磁发射现象、混凝土力电效应的数学模型等；论文同时对混凝土和素混凝土的电力效应、碳纤维混凝土电力效应与电热效应的耦合关系等进行了探讨；最后开展了基于力电效应的机敏混凝土结构应用研究。

Indoor flexural fatigue tests are carried out, the results are analyzed and two types of double logarithm fatigue equation under different stress level andequivalent stress level are got. Using the fatigue equation, the fatigue performance of porous concrete and common semi-rigid base materials and cement concrete are compared, the fatigue stress coefficient which is used in the load stress calculation for porous concrete as undersurface of cement concrete pavement and the tensile strength structure coefficient which is used in the flexural stress check for porous concrete as base of asphalt pavement are obtained.

进行室内小梁弯拉疲劳试验，对疲劳试验数据进行分析，得出多孔混凝土不同失效概率下两种形式的双对数疲劳方程，利用疲劳方程，将其疲劳性能与常用半刚性基层材料和水泥混凝土进行比较，还得出了多孔混凝土作为水泥混凝土路面下面层荷载应力计算的疲劳应力系数，和作为沥青路面基层层底弯拉应力验算的抗拉强度结构系数。

Liapunov—Schmidt method is one of the most important method in the bifurcation theory.

Liapunov—Schmidt方法是分叉理论的最重要方法之一。

Be courteous -- even when people are most discourteous to you .

要有礼貌──即使当別人对你最不礼貌的时候。