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Chemistry Any of various substances, such as litmus or phenolphthalein, that indicate the presence, absence, or concentration of another substance or the degree of reaction between two or more substances by means of a characteristic change, especially in color.

指示剂：任何一种具有下列功能的物质，即能通过自身性质的变化，特别是颜色的变化来表明另一种物质的存在、消失或聚集，或可以表明两种以上的物质相互反应的程度；例如石蕊、酚酞

Furthermore,enzymatic production of cephalexin using free penicillin G acylase in aqueous system wasstudied. The parameters, including pH, temperature, concentration of 7-ADCA and molar ratiosof 7-ADCA to phenylglycine methyl ester, that affect the yield of cephalexin, wereevaluated. In section Ⅱ, the integration technique of bioseparation and biosynthesis was investigatedfirst time in the enzymatic production of cephalexin.

第Ⅰ部分主要建立了对酶法合成头孢氨苄过程行之有效的HPLC检测方法，实现了头孢氨苄合成过程中所涉及的四种物质，即头孢氨苄、苯甘氨酸甲酯、苯甘氨酸及7-ADCA快速有效的检测；同时对水相体系中头孢氨苄合成过程的影响因素进行了研究，明确了水相体系中温度、pH值，底物浓度以及底物配比对酶法合成头孢氨苄得率的影响。

This paper also discovered that the phosphoryl transfer reactions of Nphosphoamino acids were catalyzed by imidazole with factors of 10-38, and the catalytic reaction rates could be influenced by the concentration of imidazole, structure of amino acids and alcohol.

磷酰化氨基酸的分子内N→O磷酰基转移反应具有很强的立体效应，丝氨酸与高丝氨酸，苏氨酸与来苏氨酸的反应活性分别相差6倍和1倍左右。

However,the extracts of the plants with petroleum ether,at the concentration of 5mg/mL,resulted in a mortality of(34.77%) or 19.22% with or without light treatment,respectively,showing the effects of photoactivation.

猪毛蒿精油浓度0.5 mg/mL和5 mg/mL时，不显示出光活化效应，但在1 mg/mL时则表现出显著的光活化效果，光照与非光照的死亡率分别为83.65%和24.15%。

Mn-complexes in which Mn atom ligand with the N atom within ligand can stimulate the recovery of electron transfer and oxygen evolution. The trinuclear Mn-complex is extremely sensitive to the addition of CaCl2. It is suggested that there is an interaction between Ca2 and carboxyl within the trinuclear Mn-complex during photoactivation and this interaction benefits the ligation of Mn atom to the apo-WOC and form an active WOC. Binuclear MnMn complex shows slightly higher efficiency than binuclear MnMn complex in restoration of O2 evolution activity. It is suggested from our results that recovery of electron transport and O2 evolution with synthetic Mn-complexes is affected by different factors. Cl- can stimulate the reconstitution of WOC at the concentration of over 100mM;the maximal recovery of O2 evolution activity requires the presence of CaCl2 and 33 kDa protein polypeptide together. Bicarbonate can stimulate the reconstitution of WOC.

锰配合物中锰原子与配体中的氮原子配位连接时，能显著恢复电子传递活性和放氧活性；三核锰化合物在重组时对CaCl2的存在非常敏感，我们认为Ca2 与三核锰化合物中的羧基之间存在一定的相互作用，而这种作用有助于锰原子的光配位进而使三核锰化合物易于组装成有活性的水氧化复合物：双核锰化合物MnMn比双核锰化合物MnMn在恢复放氧活性方面更有效；影响锰化合物电子传递能力恢复的因素与影响锰化合物放氧活性恢复的因素不同；在锰蔟重组过程中，氯离子的浓度必须在100mM以上，才能有效进行光重组；最大光重组效率的获得必须有钙离子和33kDa多肽同时存在；碳酸氢根离子促进锰化合物与去锰光系统II的光组装。

In the work, the laser-behavior under exposure of Ar〓 laser was discussed. The kinetic process of photochemical reaction, intermediate, sensitive process of diazophthoquinon system were studied by laser fluorescence spectrum and laser induced fluorescence attenuation. The nonlinear relation between photodecomposition rate of the system and laser power and concentration of solution was investigated in detail.

论文也进行了感光组成物感激光性能的研究：利用激光荧光光谱及激光诱导荧光衰减法实现了实时探测邻叠氮萘醌型光敏剂感激光光化学过程、中间体的产生与结构以及增感作用的研究，该方法在国内外文献中未见有报道。

We discovered that the mechanisms of borneol opening BBB involved (1) promoting the tight junction of endothelial cells opening:(2) increasing the quantity of pinocytosis vesicle in endothelial cells and enhance the pinocytosis;(3) inhibiting the activation of P-glycoprotein (P-glycoprotein is an efflux pump of drugs) and increase the permeability of BBB;(4) reducing the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in brain microvessel endothelial cells;(5) increasing the concentration of Ca〓 in brain microvessel endothelial cells;(6) increasing the activation of eNOS in brain microvessel endothelial cells.

随后，在对冰片开放血脑屏障的机制作进一步的研究时又发现，冰片开放血脑屏障的机制包括以下几个方面：(1)冰片可使血脑屏障内皮细胞间的紧密连接开放；(2)冰片能使内皮细胞内的囊泡数量增加，吞饮功能增强；(3)冰片能抑制P-糖蛋白的活性（P-糖蛋白是一种药物外排泵），而使血脑屏障的通透性增加；(4)冰片能使脑微血管内皮细胞ICAM-1表达量减少；(5)冰片使脑微血管内皮细胞内的Ca〓浓度升高；(6)冰片可升高脑微血管内皮细胞eNOS的活性。

The main results were as follows:An appropriate concentration of ethephon sprayed on leaves of peanut made stems and branchs height shorter,but more branches;The fresh weight and dry weight per unit of leaf area and per plant increased;It optimized some physiological and biochemical characteristics in the leaves.It was showed that the ethephon increased obviously the contents of protein and chlorophyll and the activity of SOD and POD in the leaves,and improved the rates of photosynthesis and transpiration of the leaves,and increased the activity of the roots,but decreased the content of MDA in the leaves;It improved the quantity of pods,the percentage of plumy pods and the peanut yield.

结果表明：喷施适宜浓度的乙烯利可使植株相对矮化，抑制花生地上部分的生长，使主茎和分枝长比对照短，但分枝数较多；提高单位叶面积鲜重、干重以及植株鲜重、干重；优化花生植株的生理生化特性，表现为显著提高了花生叶片的蛋白质含量和叶绿素含量及SOD和POD活性，增强了花生叶片的光合速率和蒸腾速率，增强了主根活力，降低了花生叶片的丙二醛和可溶性糖含量；提高植株的单株结荚数、饱果率和产量。

The research results also pointed out that the complex compound of iodine and amylum is not stable, and has a regular fadding process; the concentration of phosphate buffer solution has a serious inffluence on the fadding effect of the extractive solution of plant leaves.

取一定部位的功能叶，用打孔器取40个叶圆片，研磨加水后离心制得植物材料提取液，取一定量上清液加到3ml含有碘、叠氮化钠和淀粉试剂的反应混合液中，30秒后测定1分钟内吸光值的变化量。

These results indicate that,(1) appropriate concentration of CHX can enhance the activation efficiency of oocytes;(2) CB can increase the two pronuclei formation rate of oocytes by inhibiting the extrusion of second polar body.

这些结果说明：(1)适当浓度的CHX能提高卵母细胞激活效果；(2)CB能抑制卵母细胞激活后第二极体排出，从而提高原核的形成率。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！