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It was increased ethyl hexanoate synthesis substrate concentration mediated by Rhizopus chinensis 2113 whole-cell lipase after improved synthetic activity and optimized reaction condition. The reaction condition were: caproic acid concentration 2.4mol/L, substrate molar concentration ratio 1:1.1, initial water content ≤0.2%, lipase water activity 0.3~0.66, enzyme amount 16%, reaction temperature 30℃, agitation speed 150 r/min.

通过合成酶活的提高及反应条件的优化，提高了华根霉2113全细胞脂肪酶催化己酸乙酯合成的反应底物浓度，其反应条件为：己酸浓度为2.4mol/L；酸醇摩尔浓度比1：1.1；反应体系含水量≤0.2%；脂肪酶水活度0.3～0.66；加酶量16%；反应温度30℃；150r/min振荡反应。

The optimal determining conditions were obtained: adding quantity of a monolayer medium 15ml, the suspension concentration of Micrococcus luteus 109 cfu/ml, the adding quantity of Oxford Plate 100μl, agar concentration 1%, the concentration of Na2HPO4 1％, and the pH of the medium adjusted to 7.0. The medium was optimized by single factor and the orthogonal experiments on the basis of the centrifugate of distiller's grains. The optimal composition was obtained as follows: sucrose 0.6, peptone 0.1, yeast extract 0.2, K2HPO4?

以管碟法为基础，对影响Nisin效价测定的各种主要因素进行了分析，并得出了Nisin效价测定的最佳条件：采用单层培养基（每个平板加量为15ml），检测培养基中Na2HPO4·12H2O浓度改为1％，菌悬液浓度109cfu/ml，不加吐温20，琼脂浓度1％，培养基pH7.0，牛津杯加液量100μl ，30℃培养24小时。

The preparation process includes the following steps: mixing 10 mM concentration water solution of chloropalladic acid and 12.5-25 mM concentration water solution of ammonium hexadecyl trimethyl bride in the volume ratio of 1 to 20, heating to 65-95 deg.c, adding 100 mM concentration water solution of ascorbic acid in the volume ratio to the water solution of chloropalladic acid of 0.16 to 1 to react for 30 min, centrifugal separation to collect precipitate, water washing, and drying to obtain cuboidal nanometer Pd material.

该钯纳米长方体材料的制备方法的步骤和条件法如下：把体积比为1∶20的10mM氯钯酸水溶液和12.5-25mM十六烷基三甲基溴化铵水溶液混合，加热至65-95℃，然后加入与10mM氯钯酸水溶液的体积比为0.16∶1的100mM抗坏血酸水溶液，反应30分钟，将溶液离心分离，收集到的沉淀用水洗涤，干燥，得到钯纳米长方体。

The effect of the latter was that the resulting codeposit will contain only a few PTFE particles at lower surfactant concentration, and that it will contain a lot of bubblles at higher surfactant concentration, and that a flat composite codeposit formed with densely arranged micro-cells at suitable surfactant concentration.

后者的影响是：在表面活性剂浓度过低时所沉积的镀层中只含很少量的PTFE粒子，在其浓度过高时所沉积的镀层中会夹杂许多气泡，只有在其浓度合适时才能得到平整的、由致密排布的微胞组成的复合镀层。

The study showed the recombinant wt/mCREG protein depressed the VSMC proliferation depending on dose and the optimal concentration was 400nM;2biologic function of CREG protein and the membrance receptor mechanism:①effect on VSMC migration: the wound healing experiment showed the OB2 cells migration was slower significantly after added wt/mCREG(400Nm) in supernatant. The HITASY cells migration were very slowly and no remarkable change. The gelatinase digestion and Western blot analysis showed the matrix metalloproteinase was decreased and TIMPs was increased;②effect on differentiation: after added wt/mCREG(400nM), the expression of myocardin, SMα-actin, MHC and caldesmin were increased and that of LM-1 and FN were decreased in OB2 cells. These effects were more significant when adding wtCREG.;③effect on VSMC proliferation: Cell cycle assay and BrDU stain showed: after added the wtCREG and mCREG protein, the ratio of cell in G0/G1 phase increased to 0.5773 and 0.5572 from 0.5308 respectively in OB2 group, which increased to 0.7369 and 0.7034 respectively from 0.6297 in HITASY group;3Role of M6P/IGF2R in CREG biologic function:①ELISA and co-immunoprecipitation showed the wt/mCREG binding to M6P/IGF2R directly.②antibody blocking test: when the anti-IGF2R was added to medium at the same time with wt/mCREG at different concentration(2μg/mL、4μg/mL、8μg/mL),the effects of CREG protein which depressing proliferation, migration, secretion and promoting differentiation were blocked, which had the positive correlation to the concentration of added anti body. The studies showed two combinant CREG promoted VSMC switch to differentiation phaenotype, at the same time, depress VSMC proliferation, migration and secreting extracellular matrix.

上述实验结果证实：两种重组CREG蛋白对VSMC增殖均有剂量依赖性的抑制作用，并且相同浓度的糖基化的CREG蛋白对细胞增殖的抑制效应更为显著，最佳效应浓度为400nM；2两种重组CREG蛋白添加后对HITASY和OB2细胞生物学行为的影响：①CREG蛋白对VSMC迁移的影响：刮伤实验发现，加入最佳效应浓度的wtCREG和mCREG蛋白24h后，OB2组迁移能力下降，HITASY组无明显变化；细胞外基质金属蛋白酶-2，9(Matrix metallo-proteinase 2，9，MMP2 ，9)明胶酶电泳检测和Western blot检测结果证实，两种CREG蛋白均可以使OB2细胞合成细胞外基质MMP2，9减少，而组织金属蛋白酶抑制物(Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases，TIMPs)增加；②CREG蛋白对VSMC分化的影响：加入400nM的wtCREG和mCREG蛋白12h后，OB2细胞myocardin、SMα-actin、MHC、caldesmin表达增加，LM-1、FN表达减少；③流式细胞仪分析细胞周期和BrDU染色分析证实，加入400nM的wtCREG和mCREG蛋白后，OB2组G0/G1期细胞由0.5308分别增加至0.5773和0.5572，HITASY组G0/G1期细胞由0.6297分别增加至0.7369和0.7034；3M6P/IGF2R在重组CREG蛋白的生物学功能中的调控作用：①免疫共沉淀和免疫荧光双染色分析结果显示，CREG蛋白与M6P/IGF2R存在直接结合；②应用抗体阻断实验：将不同浓度的anti- M6P/IGF2R(2、4、8μg /mL)与两种CREG蛋白同时加入培养液中，CREG蛋白抑制VSMC增值、迁移和合成细胞外基质、促进分化的效应减弱，而且与加入anti- M6P/IGF2R浓度正相关。

After the cells were treated by high concentration toxin for 4d, the content of nitrate-nitrogen in cells were lower markedly than the contrast, after the cells were treated by middle and low concentration toxin for 7d, the content of nitrate-nitrogen in cells were lowered. 3 groups of toxin treating all lowered the total phosphorus content. At the end of test, the phosphorus contently of low, middle, high concentration treating groups were 74.98%, 76.47% and 84.00% of the contrast respectively. The ACP activity of 3 treating groups compared with the contrast appeared the tendency of first lowering then raising.

高浓度毒素处理细胞4d后，细胞内硝态氮含量显著低于对照；中、低浓度毒素处理细胞7d后降低了胞内硝态氮含量。3组毒素处理均降低了胞内总磷含量，到实验结束时，低、中、高浓度处理组的胞内磷含量分别为对照的74.98%、76.47%和84.00%。3组处理组ACP活力与对照相比呈现先降低后升高的趋势。

It is shown from the assessment results that (1) both the TN and TP fluxes discharged from the Changjiang River to the Changjiang River estuary sea area increased continuedly, the DIN concentration in the sea areas increased continuedly, and the Si concentration decreased continuedly, which resulted in the significant changes in N/P/Si ratios;(2) the chlorophyll a concentration in the sea areas increased continuedly, and the significant changes in community structure of phytoplankton occurred;(3) the species and biomass of benthos declined greatly, and the bottom oxygen-poor water area increased significantly;(4) the range and occurrence frequency of red tide events in the sea areas increased greatly, and the algal toxic infection events of mussel were frequently found in the sea areas.

结果表明，长江向长江口海域输送总氮和总磷通量持续增大，长江口及其邻近海域无机氮浓度持续增高而硅浓度持续下降，并由此导致N/P/Si与比值的显著变化；该海域叶绿素a浓度持续增大，浮游植物群落结构也发生了显著变化；该海域底栖生物种类和生物量都大大减少，底层水低氧区面积也显著扩大；该海域赤潮事件无论是规模还是频率都大大增加，藻类毒素DSP/PSP贻贝传染事件也时有发生。

The concentration of Cosmogenic nuclides is not only constrained by production rates and exposure time, and also closely related to surface erosion. Furthermore, the concentration is affected by geomagnetic intensity, shielding, chemical weathering, and sample geometry as well. These factors affecting Cosmogenic nuclide concentration should be calibrated when surface exposure age is calculated.

地表物质中宇宙成因核素浓度除了受到核素生成速率和地表物质的暴露时间制约外，还与地表侵蚀速率密切相关，此外，地磁场强度、遮蔽、化学风化及样品的几何位置等也会对核素浓度产生一定影响，在求算样品的地表暴露年代时，应对这些因素进行相应的校正。

Grafting degree increased with increasing monomer concentration in acrylic acid and crotonic acid systems. In undecylenic acid and oleic acid systems, grafting degree increased with monomer concentration initially but decreased after monomer concentration reaching at 0.30 mol/L.

丙烯酸、反式丁烯酸体系的接枝率随单体浓度的增加而增大。10-十一烯酸、油酸体系的接枝率初始时随单体浓度的增加而增大，单体浓度超过0.30mol／L后，接枝率降低。

The Mg content in crustose aerial hypha and rhizomorphs of A. mellea increased with increasing Mg concentration in growth medium up to a concentration of 16 g/L, but ceased to increase when the Mg concentration in medium was over 16 g/L.

皮壳状菌丝和菌索中Mg的含量随培养基中Mg浓度的增大而增大，培养基Mg浓度达到16 g/L后，菌丝、菌索中Mg的含量都不再上升。

Although translator has turned from being a crystal ball by which the original culture can unrestrainedly penetrate to another crystal ball by which the target culture can freely traverse, the translator's personal embodiment, in the process of cognitive act, are still absent in translation studies. Translators are still subjects without body or simply disembodied subjects.

译者虽然由原语文化可以自由穿透的玻璃球变成了译语文化可以自由穿越的玻璃球，但译者认知过程中的个体体验在翻译研究中依然缺席，译者依然仅仅是一个没有躯体体验的主体。

Chillingly, he claimed our technology is 'not nearly as sophisticated' as theirs and "had they been hostile", he warned 'we would be been gone by now'.

令人毛骨悚然的，他声称我们的技术是'并不那么复杂，像他们一样，和"如果他们敌意"，他警告说，'我们将现在已经过去了。