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Inorganic compounds were traditional herbicides, but due to problems with persistence and nonspecificity, compounds such as borates and arsenicals are rarely used.

无机化合物是除莠剂的惯用试剂，但由于具有持久性和非特异性的问题，如像硼酸盐和含砷制剂的化合物是极少应用的。

1 Heptane, it was revealed that the Cr〓/ Catsan and ZnCl〓 could catalyze the Michael addition of pyrrole with conjugate olefine at α-position of pyrrole to get mono- or bi-Michael addition product selectively under mild condition in good yield. Totally, forty-six new compounds, including thirty target compounds, were prepared.

在探索7-氮杂桥环母体的构建方法过程中，发现了Cr〓／Clay和ZnCl〓可有效地催化吡咯的α-位与多种共轭烯烃发生Michael加成反应，可在温和的条件下，以良好的收率选择性地得到单或双Michael加成产物。

Recent developments of clean oxidation systems catalyzed by polyoxometalates are summarized in detail. The emphasis is on the epoxidation reaction of olefinic compounds, oxidation of alkanes and aromatic compounds with the comparatively ideal oxidants, hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen respectively.

文本总结了多金属氧酸盐在液相清洁催化氧化方面的进展，主要针对以过氧化氢和分子氧为氧化剂的烯烃类化合物的环氧化反应、烷烃和芳香族化合物的氧化反应，并详细探讨了此类氧化反应的反应机理。

Recent developments of clean oxidation systems catalyzed by polyoxometalates are summarized in detail. The emphasis is on the epoxidation reaction of olefinic compounds, oxidation of alkanes and aromatic compounds with the comparatively ideal oxidants, hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen respectively. The oxidation mechanisms are elucidated in detail.

文本总结了多金属氧酸盐在液相清洁催化氧化方面的进展，主要针对以过氧化氢和分子氧为氧化剂的烯烃类化合物的环氧化反应、烷烃和芳香族化合物的氧化反应，并详细探讨了此类氧化反应的反应机理。

A technique for the analysis of flavour compounds from fish muscle employing microwave distillation, solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and olfactometry is described, and 53 compounds responsible for the aroma of bighead carp were identified from NIST 02 MS data base.

用微波蒸馏-固相微萃取装置提取鳙鱼鱼肉中的挥发性成分，利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对气味化合物成分进行了定性分析，同时利用嗅觉检测器鉴别了部分挥发性物质的气味特征。

The Suzuki reaction, the coupling of organoborate compounds with organic electrophiles catalyzed by Palladium complexes, is a valuable Csp2-Csp bond forming reaction. The reaction has been drawing increased attention in that the reaction permit the use of organoboron compounds that are thermally stable and inert to water and oxygen.In this section microwave promoted Suzuki reaction of phenylboronic acid with benzyl halides catalyzed by Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 DMF/H2O(v/v=10 : 2) was first reported.

第四章：微波辐射下Pd配合物催化端烯与芳卤偶联反应研究本章中我们在微波辐射条件下，研究了PdclZ(P Ph3)：催化端烯与芳卤的偶联反应，合成出了七种乙烯基化合物；并分别考察了微波辐射功率、辐射时间、原料配比、和PTc等因素对反应的影响，优选出了较佳的反应条件，并根据文献及实验结果，讨论了可能的反应机理。

Because of this property, water is preferentially adsorbed by these surfaces, and large organic compounds cannot compete with strongly held water for adsorption sites on the clay surfaces. Thus, Na-clays are ine_ective sorbents for small organic molecules. However, it is possible to modify the surface properties of clays greatly by neutralizing the anionic framework of layer silicates by using positively charged organic species such as alkylammonim ions. In the modi_ed form (HDTMA-bentonite), the clay surface may become organophilic and interact strongly with organic compounds. Textile dyes represent a relatively large group of organic chemicals. In an HDTMA-bentonite-dye system it is possible that adsorption may be enhanced by the hydrophobic interaction between the adsorbed dye molecule and HDTMA-bentonite.

O组给予亲水的性质到矿物表面，因为这水是吸附在这些表面，和大的有机化合物不能比有坚强的为了吸附位置在泥土表面，因而，Na—泥土是ine_ective吸附剂为了小的分子，希，它是可能的到更改的表面属性，泥土非常在抵销anionic层硅酸盐在用的结构 Positively负荷的物种例如alkylammonim离子，在mod i_ed形状，泥土表面可能变成organophilic和互相作用坚强地有机化合物，织物染料表现相关的大的组化学的，在HDTMA—斑脱土—染料系统它是可能的那吸附可能是提高在交互作用在中间吸附染料分子和HDTMA—斑脱土，interlamellarHDTMA的间隔—斑脱土是获得在substracting泥土层从的厚度实验上坚决的基础的间隔（d001）。

But up to now, little is known about the mechanism of organogermanium compounds and organotin compounds.

但是，到目前为止，对于有机锡和有机锗的抗癌、抗病的机理还不十分清楚。

Based on relative literatures,this part has included five resesearch aspects as below.1 Fifteen compounds were isolated and purified by extraction,column chromatography,and their structures were determined on the basis of spectral analysis: acteoside(Ⅰ-1),isoacteoside(Ⅰ-2),crenatoside(Ⅰ-3),cistanoside F(Ⅰ-4),sinapoyl-4-O-β-D-glucoside(Ⅰ-5),adenosine(Ⅰ-6),β-siterol(Ⅰ-7),oleanic acid(Ⅰ-8), succinic acid(Ⅰ-9),caffeic acid(Ⅰ-10),protocatechuic aldehyde(Ⅰ-11),p-hydro xybenzyl alcohol(Ⅰ-12),β-daucosterol(Ⅰ-13),D-galacitol(Ⅰ-14),D-mannitol(Ⅰ-15).Ⅰ-4～15 were obtained from this plant for the first time,andⅠ-6,7,9,and 13 were isolated from Orobanche genus for the first time.2 The scavenging test of DPPH showed that most compounds have comparative antioxidant activity as L-ascorbic acid and part of them show better activity such as the O.coerulescens extract and phenylethanoid glycosides.Acteoside showed potent free radical scavenging effects with a median inhibition concentration of 25.6μg/ml.3 The anti-HBV activities of acteoside,isoacteoside and crenatoside were measured,and all of them showed suppressive activity on the expression of HBsAg and HBeAg in the HepG2.2.15 cell line.

本论文在文献调研基础上对紫花列当化学成分及生物活性进行了研究，并从免疫抗病毒角度探讨紫花列当中特征性成分类叶升麻苷的肝保护作用及其机制。1采用大孔树脂、硅胶和Sephadex LH-20等色谱技术对紫花列当进行系统的植物化学研究，从中分离得到19个化合物，利用UV和NMR等波谱手段及理化性质鉴定了其中的15个化合物，分别为类叶升麻苷(Ⅰ-1)、异类叶升麻苷(Ⅰ-2)、crenatoside(Ⅰ-3)、cistanoside F(Ⅰ-4)、sinapoyl-4-O-β-D-glucoside(Ⅰ-5)、腺苷(Ⅰ-6)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅰ-7)、齐墩果酸(Ⅰ-8)、琥珀酸(Ⅰ-9)、咖啡酸(Ⅰ-10)、原儿茶醛(Ⅰ-11)、对羟甲基苯甲酸(Ⅰ-12)、β-胡萝卜苷(Ⅰ-13)、D-半乳糖醇(Ⅰ-14)和甘露醇(Ⅰ-15除化合物Ⅰ-1、Ⅰ-2和Ⅰ-3外，其余化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。2)通过大孔树脂富集该药材有效部位苯乙醇总苷，并采用HPLC测得其所含特征性成分类叶升麻苷的含量可达80%以上。3DPPH自由基清除试验显示紫花列当提取物及其所含的苯乙醇苷类化合物均具有较好的抗氧化能力，其清除DPPH自由基能力接近于抗坏血酸。4采用卡介苗整体致敏、脂多糖离体攻击构建大鼠原代肝细胞免疫性损伤模型，在体外观察类叶升麻苷的保肝作用。

The present invention discloses novel aryl oxazole compounds of Formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which have histamine-H3 receptor antagonist or inverse agonist activity, as well as methods for preparing and using such compounds.

本发明公开了式的新型芳基唑化合物或其药学可接受盐，其具有组胺H3受体拮抗剂或反向激动剂活性，本发明还公开了制备和使用这类化合物的方法。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。