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In chapter 2 and 3, experimentally, using the Angular-Resolved high-resolution fast Electron Energy Loss Spectrometer , at the condition of 2. 5 keV incident energy and 50-60 meV energy resolution, we measured the Optical Oscillator Strength Density Spectra for the excitations of 4p, 4s or 3d electron. The oscillator strengths for excitations of the valent shell 4p electron were obtained, and comparisons were done between presently experimental and previously experimental and theoretical results. The experimental results of different groups agree with each other approximately, but the semi-experientially theoretical results do not match with the experimental results. The delayed maximum in the photoabsorption spectra was discussed. It should arise from the transition of 4p→∈d. For the excitation of the inner-valent 4s electron, the discrepancies for the resonant structures in previous electron-impact results and photoionization results were clarified in present work, which confirms again that the fast electron impact method is suitable to measure the optical oscillator strengths. The autoionization Rydberg series 4s〓ns (n=5, 6, 7) and 4s〓nd (n=4, 5, 6, 7) were identified without ambiguity by the measurement at 0°, 2° and 4°scattering angles. The energy levels and natural widths of the excitations of Kr3d and Ar2p inner shell, including optically allowed and forbidden transitions, were determined. The widths of these inner shell excitations are nearly the same, which was interpreted by the Resonant Auger effect .

在第二章和第三章，实验上，使用角分辨的高能量分辨快电子能量损失谱仪，在2.5keV电子入射能量和50-60meV能量分辨下，测量了Kr原子由价壳层4p到内价壳层4s，再到内壳层3d电子激发的光学振子强度密度谱；得到了价壳层4p电子激发束缚态的光学振子强度，与前人实验和半经验理论结果作了细致的比较，说明几家实验是比较符合的，但半经验的理论计算存在问题；分析了光吸收谱中的延迟极大现象，说明在第一电离阈值以上几个eV范围内的极大值源于4p→εd跃迁产生的延迟极大；对于内价壳层4s激发的自电离区，澄清了前人实验中电子碰撞方法和光学方法在共振结构上存在差异的问题，再一次肯定了快电子碰撞方法是获得绝对光学振子强度的一种好方法；通过在非0°散射角的测量（如2°和4°），清楚地标识了4s电子激发的光学禁戒跃迁自电离里德堡系列4s〓ns（n=5，6，7）和4s〓nd（n=4，5，6，7）；通过在0°和4°散射角的测量，观测并标识了几个新的内壳层光学禁戒跃迁能级，得到了Kr原子3d和Ar原子2p内壳层激发态（包括光学允许和禁戒跃迁形成的）的能级位置和自然宽度，用共振俄歇效应解释了这些内壳层激发态（不管是光学允许还是禁戒跃迁产生的）的自然宽度彼此比较接近的原因。

In Argentina they've already compared me to him, but I don't want to get into early comparisons, explained the Avellaneda player.

在阿根廷他们已经将我与他相比，但我不想过早作这样的比较，这位来自阿韦亚内达的球员解释说。

More Open memories from the bush telegraph - ANOTHER Open, another batch of memories to file away and another set of comparisons to be made.

从布什回忆更加开放电报-又一开放另一批向记忆里的另一套比较可以。

Bonnard and Vuillard from the Nabis made the language of colors more expressive: they used different comparisons of color blocks and the composition of the picture to show the artists' different inner emotion.

纳比派的博纳尔、维雅尔让色彩语言更具表现性，他们运用不同的色块对比及画面的构成来表现画家不同的内心情感。

Not all the evidence points this way: though these studies of individual markets indicate that competition can lead to fragility, international comparisons suggest the opposite, according to a survey last year for the World Bank by Thorsten Beck, now of Tilburg University.

不是所有的证据都指出这个道理：尽管这些独立市场的研究指出竞争可能带来脆弱，但根据去年世界银行的Thorsten Beck（现在Tilburg大学）的调查发现国际间的比较得出相反的结论）。

Fewer restrictions spurred competition, squeezed profit margins and led to more risk-taking by banks. Not all the evidence points this way: though these studies of individual markets indicate that competition can lead to fragility, international comparisons suggest the opposite, according to a survey last year for the World Bank by Thorsten Beck, now of Tilburg University.

更少的限制导致了竞争、被压榨的利润，导致银行冒更多的风险（不是所有的证据都表明这一点，尽管这些对单个市场的研究表明竞争能够导致脆弱，根据去年由Thorsten Beck，目前的Tilburg University为世界银行所做的调查，国际间的比较所表明的正好相反。

Some samples of Nigerian traditionally tanned leathers from Kano,Sokoto and Maiduguri were analysed to assess their physical and chemical properties.Comparisons were made with internationally acceptable standards.

本文对尼日利亚几个地区的传统植鞣革样进行了分析，以评价其物化性能并与国际认可的标准进行了比较。

To clarify, as by use of examples or comparisons.Scanderbeg's sword must have Scanderbeg's arm.

斯坎德培（阿尔巴尼亚15世纪的民族英雄）的剑，必须要有斯坎德培的臂才能举；宝剑须由烈士擎。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。