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During the postgenomics era the information about genomic sequence and gene functions provides a new foundation for evolutionary biology and ecology As the first whole-genome sequenced plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its wild relatives have played a critical role in understanding the evolution of genomics and speciation Both A halleri and A lyrata are closely related to the model species A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera occurs in northeastern China Japan and Taiwan; while its sister A halleri ssp halleri is mainly distributed in Europe Geographical barriers such as Tienshan Mountain Range isolate these intraspecific sisters Likewise A lyrata ssp kamchatica and ssp lyrata occur in East Asia and North America respectively Such distribution patterns seem to be consistent with allopartic speciation The comparison between ancestral and extant polymorphism by multilocus can be informative about the population genetics of speciation In this study we collected and analyzed DNA sequences of 98 genes from four wild relatives of A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera A halleri ssp halleri A lyrata ssp kamchatica and A lyrata ssp lyrata The ancestral states of these four species were compared to each other in terms of level of genetic variation However the ancestral species at the time of speciation were substantially more polymorphic than the extant geographical populations The observations are not fully compatible with speciation by strict allopatry At some species pairs parapatric speciation seems more reasonable in speciation of Arabidopsis The 98 gene sequences are also used for the congruence test between gene genealogy and species phylogeny Only 28 genes support the species phylogeny but there are 23 genes supports another major genealogy { lyrata} thaliana Based on the phylogenetic position change of A lyrata ssp kamchatica and Ks value for each species pair suggested the recent directional gene flow between A halleri ssp gemmifera and A lyrata ssp kamchatica

阿拉伯芥是第一个完成基因体定序的开花植物，其基因体资讯提供植物学研究的重要依据；在解析阿拉伯芥属物种的亲缘关系以及种化机制等重要的演化议题时，阿拉伯芥近缘的野生物种自然成了不可或缺的关键；跟阿拉伯芥近缘的物种包括A halleri及A lyrata，其中A halleri ssp gemmifera主要分布於中国东北、日本以及台湾，与近缘的A halleri ssp halleri其分布於欧洲隔著天山及大陆的障蔽，而A lyrata ssp kamchatica主要分布於东北亚及台湾，与分布於北美五大湖的A lyrata ssp lyrata被北极圈所分隔，这样的分布模式暗示异域种化的可能。藉由多基因分析比较祖先物种与现生物种遗传歧异度的相关可提供讯息探讨种化时期的族群遗传结构，本研究针对A halleri ssp gemmifera、A halleri ssp halleri及A lyrata ssp kamchatica、A lyrata ssp lyrata四个物种，两对互为亚种的姊妹群，以阿拉伯芥为外群进行研究，在四个物种完成98个同源基因的分子序列，利用套装软体MCMCcoal来估算祖先物种的遗传变异，亦估算现生物种的核苷酸歧异度，观察到？多物种配对中祖先物种遗传多型性大於现生物种DNA歧异度，显示异域种化模型并无法完全解释阿拉伯芥属物种的种化模式，在某些物种配对间邻域种化模式应比异域种化更为可能；在基因树与物种树的比较，98个基因片段的亲缘模式只有28个是与已知物种树一致的，有23个基因其树状图支持{ lyrata} thaliana的型式，藉由kamchatica位置的变化以及估算各物种配对间的平均同义置换率，推测在A halleri ssp gemmifera与A lyrata ssp kamchatica间具有近代的单方向基因交流。

A comparison of alternative action puzzle hand travel test your brains.

一款比较另类的益智动作手游，考考你的脑筋。

This paper makes the fitting analysis of the field test data according to the hyperbolic model established by the interface spring theory,and simulates the experiment of bolt upraising by means of the finite element method.After the comparison of the calculated results with the field test results,the paper draws the main conclusion that good fitting effect can be obtained when the hyperbolic model is adopted in fitting the relationship between axial force and depth.The interfacial shearing stiffness will so...

文章按照界面弹簧理论所建立的双曲线模型，对试验实测数据进行了拟合分析，并采用有限元法对锚杆上拔试验进行了模拟，对比计算结果和实测结果得出的主要结论为：采用双曲线模型拟合锚固轴力随深度变化的曲线，可以取得良好的拟合效果；在逐级加载的条件下，界面的剪切刚度呈软化的趋势；在锚固界面没有发生较大滑移的情况下，计算位移和实测位移比较接近。

The preparative technique of solid lubricant is cold-press sintering method.The micro-structure , friction surface, lubricant transfer film surface of base material was characterized by SEM; XRD was used to do phase analysis. The degrees of crystallinity of pure PTFE under the different conditions of water cooling, air cooling and furnace-varying cooling were made comparison by XRD. The thermal stability of pure PTFE and solid lubricant was analyzed by DSC-TG; The composition and valence state of elements in the surface of carbon fiber ,solid lubricant before and after friction test and lubricant transfer film were characterized by XPS; The frictional property of solid lubricant was tested by pin and disk test rig .

用SEM表征原料微观结构、摩擦表面及润滑转移膜表面形貌：用XRD进行原料物相分析，及比较水冷却、空气冷却、随炉冷却三种工艺条件下的纯聚四氟乙烯树脂的结晶度；用DSC-TG分析纯聚四氟乙烯树脂及固体润滑剂的热稳定性；用XPS表征碳纤维表面、固体润滑剂摩擦前后表面、润滑转移膜表面的元素组成、价态变化；用销盘式摩擦磨损试验机对固体润滑剂进行摩擦性能测试；采用专用的台架模拟试验机对固体润滑剂镶嵌轴承套与钢轴摩擦副间的摩擦磨损性能进行测定；用莱次偏光显微镜测试固体润滑剂的硬度；用材料试验机测试固体润滑剂的抗压强度等。

The minor core protein s C-encoding gene of Muscovy duck reovirus was cloned into theprokaryotic expression vector pET32a. The recombinant plasmid pET32a-s C was amplified andextracted after being transformed into E.coli DH5a competent cells. Restriction analysis withEcoRⅠand SacⅠand sequences analysis indicated that the recombinant plasmid was inserted withcorrect open reading frame. The fusion protein about 50 ku was produced after induction with 0.15mmol/L IPTG of E.coli competent cells transformed with pET32a-sC. The SDS-PAGE andWestern-bloting test indicated that the fusion protein reacted with the convalescents sera of duckinfected with Muscovy duck reovirus. The indirect ELISA method was developed by using thepurified fusion s C protein as coating antigen. The optimal concentration of s C was 5μg/ml, thedilution of serum sample was 1:40; The results showed that preparation of an ELISA by using sCas coating antigen in detecting 50 field duck sera in comparison with the AGIP were more sensitiveand specific than agar gel immuno-diffusion AGIP test. The results suggest that presence ofantibody against viral protein sC in duck may be a good indicator by the sC-ELISA for detectionof duck infection with reovirus.

同时，本研究将编码外壳蛋白σC的基因克隆于原核表达载体pET32a上，经过EcoRⅠ和SacⅠ双酶切鉴定和序列分析后，得到阳性重组质粒pET32a-σC；将阳性重组质粒pET32a-σC转化到大肠杆菌BL-21感受态细胞中进行诱导表达，经SDS-PAGE和Western-blbtting检测分析，融合表达的蛋白能够与番鸭呼肠孤病毒感染的康复鸭血清发生特异性反应；将融合表达的蛋白纯化后作为包被抗原，建立了检测鸭血清中呼肠孤病毒抗体的间接酶联免疫吸附试验检测方法，此方法中抗原的最佳包被浓度为5μg／ml、标准阳性血清的最适稀释倍数为1：40倍，用此方法对50份鸭血清样品进行检测，并与琼脂糖凝胶扩散试验检测抗体的法相比较，证明此ELISA方法具有良好的特异性和敏感性，本研究为今后鸭呼肠孤病毒诊断试剂盒的研制奠定了基础。

Applied with test of potted plant and measurement absorbency for study physiological response of activity of cell defense enzymes and lipid peroxidation of slash pine's half-sib under water stress. There are 7 families comparison with general slash pine. The contents of superoxide dismutase, catalase, antioxidant, malondialdehyde and the rate of superoxide anion(-O2) generating are mensurated under normal water condition while soil water content is 70% and light water stress while soil water content is 55% to 60% and medium water stress while soil water content is 35% to 40% and heavy water stress while soil water content is 20% to 25%. The test result indicate that either water grads or families of contents of SOD,CAT,AsA,MDA are mighty notable difference. The rate of -O2 generating is notable difference within families. The rate of -O2 generating is mighty notable difference within water grades.

为研究湿地松优良半同胞家系保护酶及脂质过氧化作用对水分逆境的生理响应，采用盆栽试验和吸光度测定结合的方法，以普通湿地松种子为对照，测定了七个湿地松半同胞家系在正常水分状态（土壤相对含水量为70%）、弱度水分胁迫（土壤相对含水量为55%~60%）、中度水分胁迫（土壤相对含水量为35%~40%）和强度水分胁迫（土壤相对含水量为20%~25%）条件下的SOD、CAT、AsA、MDA的含量和-O2产生速率，研究结果表明：无论是不同水分梯度还是不同家系水平，SOD、CAT、AsA活性和MDA含量的差异均达极显著水平，不同家系水平间-O2产生速率有显著差异，不同水分梯度间-O2产生速率差异达极显著水平。

Applied with test of potted plant and measurement absorbency for study response of the contents of photosynthetic pigments of slash pine's half-sib under water stress. There are 7 families comparison with general slash pine. The contents of photosynthetic pigments are mensurated under feebleness water stress while soil water content is 55% to 60% and moderate water stress while soil water content is 35% to 40% and heavy water stress while soil water content is 20% to 25%. The test result indicate that either water grads or families of chlorophyll and chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b and Chla/Chlb and carotenoid and Caro/Chl are mighty notable difference. The Chl and Chla and Chlb and Chla/Chlb little drop from normal soil water to initial water stress. Then drop obvious with increased water stress. The Caro and Caro/Chl little drop firstly from normal soil water to initial water stress,then up in metaphase water stress,after drop in evening water stress. The Chl and Chla and Chlb and Chla/Chlb and Caro of slash pine'half-sib are over general slash pine. The Chl and Chla and Chlb and Chla/Chlb and Caro of 464 and 1027 are over average value of slash pine's half-sib under water stress. The Caro/Chl of 609 and 46 are over average value of slash pine's half-sib under water stress.

为研究湿地松半同胞家系光合色素对水分逆境的响应，采用盆栽试验和吸光度测定方法，以湿地松普通种子为对照，测定了七个湿地松优良半同胞家系在弱度水分胁迫（土壤相对含水量为55%~60%）、中度水分胁迫（土壤相对含水量为35%~40%）和强度水分胁迫（土壤相对含水量为20%~25%）条件下的光合色素，对湿地松优良半同胞家系在不同水分胁迫条件下的光合色素进行了研究，结果表明：无论是不同水分梯度还是不同家系水平，Chl、Chla、Chlb、Chla/Chlb、Caro、Caro/Chl均有极显著差异；从正常水分至水分胁迫初期Chl、Chla、Chlb、Chla/Chlb稍微下降，后随着水分胁迫程度的加深下降较快，从正常水分至水分胁迫初期Caro、Caro/Chl先稍微下降，胁迫中期上升，胁迫后期下降；所有半同胞家系的Chl、Chla、Chlb、Chla/Chlb、Caro高于普通种，在水分胁迫条件下家系464、1027的Chl、Chla、Chlb、Chla/Chlb、Caro高于家系的平均水平，家系609、46的Caro/Chl值高于家系的平均水平。

A radial basis function neural network, as well as a back propagation neural network for comparison, is trained and tested using 23 series of centrifuge model test data, 2 fullscale test data, and prototype date of a practical project.

收集23组挡墙离心模型试验数据，2组足尺试验数据，1组实际工程的破坏数据，共26组样本作为训练及检验样本，建立了可用于加筋挡墙设计高度预测的径向基函数网络及误差反传网络模型。

Now,the Cleaner Production Audition is a kind of test system ,made some Enterprises in order to pass the test,do some apparent work,result in the Cleaner Production Audition,s is not good.this article present the method of Cleaner Production Audition basing on the The waste Minimisation Club,the core of which is through an organization attain to the share of measure,approach, information and experience,in comparison with the traditional Cleaner Production Audition,this kind of method check by itself, indicate that the Enterprises really understand which Cleaner Production is the need of persistence,applying to the rizhao eco-industry park,the result show that receive the better economical and environmental benefit.

现状清洁生产审核基于一种考核制度，致使有些企业&为通过审核而审核&，扭曲了清洁生产的意义和真正目的，导致清洁生产审核实施效果不佳。本文提出废物最小化俱乐部模式下的清洁生产审核方法，核心是通过废物最小化俱乐部达到行业清洁生产手段，方法，途径的共享，与传统清洁生产审核的区别是企业自发的，自身进行内部清洁生产审核，表明企业真正理解了开展清洁生产是企业自身存在和发展的需要，将该方法应用于日照生态工业园区实践，结果表明，经过清洁生产审核后的企业收到了明显的经济和环境效益。

The Fisher exact test and the chi-square test were used for comparison of categorical variables.

与C57BL/6小鼠相比，两者的差异无统计学意义，与0d组的差异有统计学意义。

Fancy gold-plated dangling earrings with facetted White Opal crystals.

花式镀金悬垂耳环与facetted白欧泊水晶。

This essay chooses the study aim from biology teachers in middle school in Shi Jiazhuang which tells us that most of the middle school biology teachers in Shi Jiazhuang have the"burnout", lower successfulness, individualize.

本文选取石家庄市初中生物教师作为研究对象，运用问卷调查的方法对石家庄市初中生物教师职业倦怠的现状进行调查，调查结果发现，石家庄市初中生物教师这一群体普遍存在职业倦怠，情感枯竭程度偏高，成就感偏低，去个性化程度最为严重。