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The main work and the originality points of this dissertation could be concluded as the following parts:(1) To analyze systematically the mathematical model of LES of air flow in great space, under the case of isothermal and non-isothermal, as well as the combined action of buoyancy and strain. Some basic problems are studied about the LES application into airflow simulation of great space, such as boundary conditions, spatial difference scheme and time advancing scheme, time step etc., which creates the basis for the LES application to indoor airflow simulation.(2) Both the instantaneous and time averaged flow field of great space with multiple jets under isothermal and non-isothermal cases are explored with large eddy simulation method, and also discussed the dynamic characteristics and the law of fluidflow in the great space.(3) Based on the results of LES of the great space and the Fanger thermal comfort indexes, it is brought forward the concept of the series of dynamic thermal comfort evaluating indexes, which could be divided into thermal comfort index with time averaged properties PD, PPD, PMV, thermal comfort index with instantaneous properties IPD, IPPD, IPMV, and time averaged thermal comfort indexes TAPD, TAPPD, TAPMV, and transient situations time averaged thermal comfort indexes TTAPD, TTAPPD, TTAPMV. The differences among them and the calculation methods are discussed, and the four kinds of indexes are calculated with the thermal comfort index PD as an example.(4) Based on the LES results it is discussed the hot air stratification phenomena in air-conditioned buildings in the case with air supply and return registers on the ceiling and the case on the sidewall. The fundamentals of the hot air stratification are studied and the relations of estimating hot air stratification are brought forward.(5) With the advanced apparatus such as hot wire film anemometer IFA300 and laser particle field anemoscope, corresponding model test and site measurements have been done, which are compared with the simulation results and LES is proved a very promising method in air flow simulation indoor.

本文主要工作既创新点体现在以下几个方面：(1)系统分析了等温、非等温和考虑剪切力与浮升力综合作用的高大空间大涡模拟数学模型，并研究了高大空间大涡模拟在室内气流仿真应用中的一些基本问题，如边界条件、空间离散格式和时间推进格式、时间步长选择等问题，为大涡模拟在室内气流计算中的广泛应用打下了基础；(2)首次用大涡模拟方法研究了高雷诺数下高大空间多射流在等温、非等温情况下的瞬时流场和时均流场分布，并探讨了多射流流场的动态特性和流动规律；(3)基于大涡模拟的动态仿真结果和Fanger的热舒适指标，首次系统地提出了动态热舒适评价指标体系的概念：即基于时间平均参数的热舒适指标PD、PPD、PMV；基于瞬时参数的瞬时热指标IPD、IPPD、IPMV；基于时间平均热舒适指标TAPD、TAPPD、TAPMV；以及沿行动迹线的时间平均热舒适指标TTAPD、TTAPPD、TTAPMV，并分析了四类热舒适指标的差异性和计算方法，还以PD值为例对四类指标分别进行了计算；(4)基于数十种工况下空调房间大涡模拟的结果，研究了空调建筑上送上回和侧送侧回两种情况下热分层现象，并探讨了热分层的基本规律，首次提出了避免热分层现象的判断公式；(5)在暖通空调领域，首次使用IFA300热线风速仪、激光粒子速度场仪等先进设备，完成了与大涡模拟相对应的模型试验，并把实测结果与仿真结果进行了对比，说明LES在室内气流仿真方面是一种很有前景的方法。

Methods: Thirty patients with chronic pancreatitis,50 with pancreatic carcinoma,14 with ampullary carcinoma,9 with common bile duct carcinoma,30 with choledocholithiasis,8 with choledochocele and 2 with biliary ascariasis were investigated and the results were compared with those of ultrasound, CT and ERCP.

对30例慢性胰腺炎，50例胰腺癌，14例十二指肠壶腹癌，9例胆总管癌，30例胆管结石，8例先天性胆总管囊肿及2例胆总管蛔虫进行EUS检查，并与腹部超声、CT及ERCP检查结果进行比较。

Compared with the initial value problems of scalar conservation laws with smooth flux function, the global weak entropy solutions for the initial-boundary value problems of scalar conservation laws with weak discontinuous flux function include the following new interaction types: a rarefaction wave collides with the boundary and is absorbed compltetely or partially by the boundary; a rarefaction wave collides with the boundary and the boundary will reflect a contact or non-contact shock wave; a contact or non-contact shock wave collides with the boundary and is absorbed by the boundary; a contact or non-contact shock wave collides with the boundary and a new non-contact shock will rebound from the boundary simultaneously or later.

与具有光滑流函数的单个守恒律的初始值问题相比，具有弱间断流函数的单个守恒律初边值问题的整体弱熵解中包括下列新的相互作用类型：稀疏波碰到边界并被边界部分或全部吸收；稀疏波与边界相撞，边界反射出一个接触或非接触激波；接触或非接触激波碰到边界并被边界吸收；接触或非接触激波与边界相撞，边界同时或稍后反射出一个新的非接触激波。

The results showed:among the 7 isolates, five isolates of HY3、GY1－3、ZJ1－1、HP1、FC3 had same colony shape, irregular shape, liquidlike, slimy, opacity with smooth surface;the other two isolates had same shape, irregular shape, dry, opacity with coarse surface. By inoculating eucalyptus with the 7 isolates, the plants were infected apparently, and the young plants of eucalyptus in control experiment with tap water were not infected. By cultivating eucalyptus cuttings with the bacterial suspensions without EPS, the incidence of disease was very distinct,but compared with the former bacteria suspension,the incidence of disease has decreased at different degrees. By screening out two isolates of strong pathogenicity and two isolates of weak pathogenicity from the 7 isolates,making the bacterial suspensions with them to inoculate the young plants of eucalyptus, two treatments of cutlings and ramets with rats were set with 5 repetitions in every treatment, the results of data analysis showed: for the cutlings, the bacterial contents in upper and middle parts、upper and lower had significant difference;for ramets with roots, the bacterial contents in upper, middle parts, lower had significant difference between each other; For both the cutlings and ramets with roof, the bacterial contents in xylem and phloem had significant difference. The interaction between vertical and horizontal parts for the bacterial content had significant difference. For the two isolates of HY3 and 93B which were screened out at last,their activities of the cellulase were: 1.955ug/ and 1.288ug/ respectively, and had significant difference; the activities of pectase were: 1.325 ug/and 1.24ug/ respectively, and had no significant difference. The content of EPS extracted from the two isolates of HY3 and 93B was very different: 7.08x10-8ug/cell and 5.17x10-8ug/cell.

结果显示：7个菌株中，其中5个菌株HY3、GY1－3、ZJ1－1、HP1、FC3的菌落形态相同：不规则形状、流体、粘性、不透明、表面光滑；另外2个菌株93B、GN1菌落形态相同：不规则形状、干燥、不透明、表面粗糙；用7个菌株接种剪根桉树苗，发病情况非常明显，而自来水对照实验中桉树苗却不发病；无EPS菌悬液培养桉树剪根苗，发病率也很明显，但是相比原菌液，则发病率有不同程度的下降；从7个菌株中间筛选出来2个强致病性菌株和2个弱致病性菌株，用它们配制菌悬液培养桉树苗，设置剪根和不剪根两个处理，每个处理设置五个重复，数据分析结果显示：对于剪根苗，上部和中部、上部和下部的含菌量有显著的差异，中部和下部含菌量差异不显著；带根苗，上部、中部、下部含菌量彼此之间差异显著；不管是剪根苗还是带根苗，木质部和韧皮部含菌量之间的差异都非常显著；上中下与木韧交互作用中，含菌量差异非常显著；最后筛选出来的强弱2个菌株HY3和93B，它们的纤维素酶活性分别为：1.955ug/和1.288ug/，具有显著的差别；果胶酶的活性分别为：1.325 ug/和1.24ug/，没有显著的差别，而且HY3和93B两个菌株细胞分泌的胞外多糖的含量差异很显著，分别为：7.08×10-8ug/cell和5.17×10-8ug/cell。

Methods:43 patients including 10 with mitral stenosis associated aortic regurgitation, 12 with mixed mitral valve lesions and 21 with mixed mitral valve lesions and combined with aortic regurgitation were studied.MVA determinded by (1) two -dimensional echocardiography with a cross-sectional area in the short-axis view (2DE),(2) pressure half-time using formula of 220/PHT,(3) color Doppler flow imaging with a jet cross-sectional area in the short-axis view with planimetry,(4) CDFI with a color jet width at the mitral valve orifice in the apical four-chamber view and long-axis view, assuming an elliptic mitral orifice, compared with the orifice area of excised mitral valve during mitral valve replacement.

材料与方法∶分别用二维超声(2DE)、压差减半时间、彩色多普勒二尖瓣口血流截面积和椭圆形面积法测定43例风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄拟行人工瓣置换术患者的MVA，其中合并主动脉瓣反流 10例，合并二尖瓣反流 12例， 21例，并与手术标本的实测面积相比较。

Objective To analyze the CT and MRI manifestations of oral carcinoma,and to evaluate the value of imaging technologies in the diagnosis of oral carcinoma,thus to explore the most reasonable imaging method Methods 46 cases with oral carcinoma,proved by surgery and pathology （2 lip tumors,8 carcinomas of the gingival ridge,5 carcinomas of the buccal mucosa,24 tongue carcinomas,5 carcinomas of the floor of the mouth,2 tumors of the hard palate）,were analysed retrospectively32 cases were examined with CT and 14 cases with MRIImaging presentations were compared with surgery and pathology Results Of the 46 cases with oral carcinoma,22 were ulcerative lesion of infiltrative growth,24 were masslike lesion of extruded trowthOf the 32 cases examined with CT scan,27 were detected,5 were missed,the 4 missed cases were confirmed to be superficial ulcers by surgery and pathologyOf the 10 cases with bone destruction examined with CT scan,8 were manifested,2 were missedAnd of the 14 cases with MRI scan,all 14 were detected Conclusion CT and MRI scan are valuable for diagnosis of oral carcinomasThey can manifest the morphology and size of primary tumor,contiguous structures,bone invasion and cervical lymph node metastasisMRI is the optimal imaging method for superficial ulcerative lesion of infiltratibe growth

徐 锋，罗德红，唐威，欧阳汉，周纯武目的分析口腔癌的CT及MRI表现，评价影像检查在口腔癌诊断中的应用价值，探索合理的影像学检查方法。方法回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的口腔癌46例（唇癌2例，牙龈癌8例，颊黏膜癌5例，舌癌24例，口底癌5例，硬腭癌2例），其中32例行CT扫描，14例行MRI扫描，将影像表现与手术所见及病理结果进行对照分析。结果 46例口腔癌中，呈浸润性生长的溃疡型病变22例，外生性生长的肿物型病变24例。CT扫描32例，明确显示病变27例，遗漏病变5例，其中4例为表浅溃疡型病变。CT扫描病例中，10例有骨质侵犯，CT扫描准确评价8例，遗漏2例。MRI扫描14例，均准确评价肿瘤及其与周围结构的关系。结论 CT、MRI对口腔癌原发肿瘤的形态、大小、周围结构侵犯、颈部淋巴结转移的评价有重要价值。对于较小及呈浸润性生长的表浅溃疡型肿瘤，CT扫描尤其是CT平扫难以准确显示，应首选MRI。

Objective To analyze the CT and MRI manifestations of oral carcinoma,and to evaluate the value of imaging technologies in the diagnosis of oral carcinoma,thus to explore the most reasonable imaging method Methods 46 cases with oral carcinoma,proved by surgery and pathology （2 lip tumors,8 carcinomas of the gingival ridge,5 carcinomas of the buccal mucosa,24 tongue carcinomas,5 carcinomas of the floor of the mouth,2 tumors of the hard palate）,were analysed retrospectively32 cases were examined with CT and 14 cases with MRIImaging presentations were compared with surgery and pathology Results Of the 46 cases with oral carcinoma,22 were ulcerative lesion of infiltrative growth,24 were masslike lesion of extruded trowthOf the 32 cases examined with CT scan,27 were detected,5 were missed,the 4 missed cases were confirmed to be superficial ulcers by surgery and pathologyOf the 10 cases with bone destruction examined with CT scan,8 were manifested,2 were missedAnd of the 14 cases with MRI scan,all 14 were detected Conclusion CT and MRI scan are valuable for diagnosis of oral carcinomasThey can manifest the morphology and size of primary tumor,contiguous structures,bone invasion and cervical lymph node metastasisMRI is the optimal imaging method for superficial ulcerative lesion of infiltratibe growth

中华硕博网核心提示：徐锋，罗德红，唐威，欧阳汉，周纯武关键词：口腔肿瘤目的分析口腔癌的CT及MRI表现，评价影像检查在口腔癌诊断中的应用价值，探徐锋，罗德红，唐威，欧阳汉，周纯武目的分析口腔癌的CT及MRI表现，评价影像检查在口腔癌诊断中的应用价值，探索合理的影像学检查方法。方法回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的口腔癌46例（唇癌2例，牙龈癌8例，颊黏膜癌5例，舌癌24例，口底癌5例，硬腭癌2例），其中32例行CT扫描，14例行MRI扫描，将影像表现与手术所见及病理结果进行对照分析。结果46例口腔癌中，呈浸润性生长的溃疡型病变22例，外生性生长的肿物型病变24例。CT扫描32例，明确显示病变27例，遗漏病变5例，其中4例为表浅溃疡型病变。CT扫描病例中，10例有骨质侵犯，CT扫描准确评价8例，遗漏2例。MRI扫描14例，均准确评价肿瘤及其与四周结构的关系。结论 CT、MRI对口腔癌原发肿瘤的形态、大小、四周结构侵犯、颈部淋巴结转移的评价有重要价值。对于较小及呈浸润性生长的表浅溃疡型肿瘤，CT扫描尤其是CT平扫难以准确显示，应首选MRI。

Meta-analyses showed that the response rate of TP (topotecan + cisplatin) regimen had no significant difference compared with EP regimen (etoposide + cisplatin) with OR 0.83 and 95%CI 0.63 to 1.09, but myelo-suppression such as leucopenia and thrombopenia was more severe with TP regimen; the response rate of monotherapy with topotecan was similar with that of CE (carboplatin + etoposide) regimen with OR 0.59 and 95%CI 0.22 to 1.60; the response rate of TEP (topotecan + etoposide + cisplatin) regimen was comparable with that of EP regimen with OR 1.37 and 95%CI 0.82 to –2.28, but myelosuppression and anemia were more severe with TEP regimen; the response rate with OR 0.97 and 95％CI 0.60 to –1.57, median time to progression with WMD –2.32 and 95％CI –5.72 to 1.09 and median survival time with WMD –1.65 and 95％CI –7.13 to 3.83 of IV topotecan were similar to those of oral topotecan, while neutropenia was more severe with IV topotecan.

Meta分析结果表明，TP 方案与EP方案的反应率相似 [OR 0.83， 95%CI (0.63，1.09)]，但具有相对高的致血小板下降的骨髓毒性；单药拓朴替康与CE方案的反应率相似 [OR 0.59， 95%CI (0.22，1.60)]；TEP方案（拓扑替康＋足叶乙甙＋顺铂）与EP方案的反应率相似 [OR 1.37， 95%CI (0.82，2.28)]，TEP方案致化疗后重度白细胞下降、重度血小板下降、重度血红蛋白下降均高于EP方案；口服拓扑替康与静脉滴注拓扑替康的化疗后反应率 [OR 0.97， 95％CI (0.60，1.57)]、中位疾病进展期 [WMD –2.32， 95％CI (–5.72， 1.09)]、中位生存期 [WMD –1.65， 95％CI (–7.13，3.83)] 相似，口服拓扑替康化疗后重度中性粒细胞下降明显低于静脉滴注拓扑替康。

Have a good command of … common have much in common have nothing in common common knowledge common-sense ability to communicate with … be in communication with … be comparable with … as compared with … compare … with … bear comparison with … by comparison with … in comparison be compatible with … make compensation for … compete with … for … complain about … complete with … in compliance with … comply with … be composed of … be confronted with … to consist of … to comprise … to contain … be relevant to …n.

be involved in … it is conceivable that …发生；出现遇到…染上…病倒开始运转；被实施获得应用；被采用成年(指法定的，通常指 18-21 岁)表示劝说，激励，不耐烦等出现；显露出来成为事实；实现怎么会…的？能驾御…；很会…共同的；相同的；常见的；普通的有许多共同之处毫无共同之处常识常识的与…交流的能力；能够使…产生共鸣与。。。

And other domestic brands compared with xenon lights, SONY HID quality to stay ahead, and other international brands compared to the same performance and price concessions.

和国内其他品牌氙气灯相比，SONY HID品质保持领先，和其他国际品牌产品相比，性能相同而价格更优惠。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。