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In order to determine flood discharges in rivers without any previous hydrometric record, estimation according to its trace is the only approximation method that is comparatively reliable.

工程设计中，欲在未经水文测验的河流上定出设计用的洪水流率，依据洪水痕迹估算是唯一此较可靠而近似的方法。

In order to determine flood discharges in rivers without any previous hydrometric record, estimation according to its trace is the only approximation method that is comparatively reliable.

工程設計中，欲在未經水文測驗的河流上定出設計用的洪水流率，依据洪水痕跡估算是唯一此較可靠而近似的方法。

Flooding,as a kind of disturbance events,occurred with higher and higherfrequency over the world.To investigate the effects of flooding disturbance ongrassland vegetation and the soil,a comparatively thorough study was conducted onAneurolepidium chinense grassland in Songnen plain,Northeast China.The studysite was located in Sanjiadian National Rangeland in the territory of Da'an city,Jilirprovince,which was partly flooded in 1998.On the study site,Several transectssubjected to different flooding durations and intensities were designed for thecomparative study among them on such aspects as vegetation characteristics,seedbanks,vegetative propagation of rhizomatous plants,distribution patterns ofpopulations,interspecific relations,and physio-chemical properties of soil.Theresults were as follows:(1)Of the functional group composition of the vegetation,with the elongation of the flooding duration or the increase of flooding severity,theratio of hygric and hygro-mesic plants increase,while that of mesic and mesoxericplants decrease,of Therophytes changed unimodally,of Geophytes increased,whileof Hemicryptophytes decreased.

为弄清草地植被及其土壤环境对水淹干扰的响应，在松嫩平原羊草草地1998年部分遭受水淹的吉林省大安市三家甸子草场内设置了经历不同水淹干扰持续时间和不同水淹强度的样带，并在这些样带之间从植被特征、种子库特征、根茎植物的营养繁殖性能、种群分布格局、种间关系及土壤的理化性质等多个方面展开对比研究，主要结果如下：(1)在植被的功能群组成中，随干扰强度的增加和水淹干扰持续时间的延长，湿生、湿中生类植物功能群的优势度比例基本上是逐渐增加的，中生、中旱生类植物功能群的优势度比例则逐渐减小，而一年生植物的优势度比例呈单峰型变化，地下芽植物比例增加，地面芽植物比例减小。

The solidification microstructures of hypoeutectic, eutectic and hypereutectic Al-Si alloys by melt temperature treatment were studied comparatively.

摘 要：对3种典型成分的铝硅合金（Al-20%Si、 Al-12%Si和Al-7%Si）进行了熔体温度处理凝固组织变化规律的比较研究。

The existing realization system of hypotheca is comparatively weak and feeble,much less enough to meet the demand of economy and practice.

目前我国抵押权实现的立法远远不能适应经济的发展与实践的需要。

The incidence of bladder cancer is comparatively low in Taiwan, but areas with unexpected high incidence are clustered in southwestern Taiwan, especially in the endemic area of blackfoot disease in Paimen, Hsuechia, Putai and Ichu.

台湾虽属膀胱癌低发生地区，但高发生乡镇市区明显集中於西南沿海，尤其以乌脚病盛行区的北门、学甲、布袋、义竹最高。

The research result shows that the frequency and the implicational meanings of different ways to express future time reference between CEL and ENS are different. Comparatively, CEL tend to overuse will, be going to, and infrequently use other ways.

为了回答以上这些问题，本文运用语料库检索软件AntConc从CLEC和BROWN中提取出有关于将来时间表达的语段，并根据它们表示含义的不同进行了归类统计。

Incurrent research, aiming at the rupture problem engendered in the shooting process of acertain 5.56mm automatic rifle, the strain and stress distributions on the cartridge caseunder the action of axial pull have been analyzed. Based on the theories of elastic-plasticmechanics and contact mechanics, a mathematic and physical model of the cartridge-caseand chamber system has been set up; and based on the platform of the general softwarepackage APDL of ANSYS for finite element analysis, a parameterized model of thecartridge-case and chamber system has also been established. The method for nonlinearFEA has been adopted to analyze the stress distribution on the entire cartridge-case andchamber system, and the method of contact element has been employed to investigate thecontact stress between the cartridge case and chamber, and then the influences of frictioncoefficient and locking space on the static and dynamic stress and strain response of thecartridge case and chamber to the action of power gas have also been discussed. On thebasis of a lot of numerical tests, a kind of element Plane13, which is concentrated incoupled computation of heat and construction, has been used finally to simulate thetransient response of the cartridge-case and chamber system to the power gas. Throughloading the temporary thermal characteristics of explosive gas in the procedure of emulate, the corresponding transient thermal stress distributed on the entire system under thecombined load of transient thermal stress and transient pressure has been obtained. Owingto these comprehensive considerations, the numerical results obtained in this paperrepresent the actual situations comparatively exactly.

本文针对某5.56mm自动步枪在工作中出现断壳的问题，分析了弹壳在轴向拉力作用下的应力应变；基于弹塑性力学及接触理论，建立了弹壳弹膛系统的数学、物理学模型，在通用有限元ANSYS软件的参数化建模工具APDL平台上，建立了弹壳弹膛系统的参数化模型；采用非线性有限元法计算了弹壳弹膛系统的整体应力，引入接触单元法分析弹壳和弹膛的接触压力，探讨了在不同的摩擦系数和不同的闭锁间隙对弹壳弹膛静、动态响应的影响；本文进行了大量的尝试，最后确定采用热、结构耦合单元Plane13，在计算中加载了火药气体的温度历程，成功的获得了弹壳弹膛系统在瞬态的热载荷和瞬态的压力载荷同时作用下弹壳弹膛系统的热应力数值解，考虑因素全面，比较真实的反映了弹壳弹膛系统在火药气体压力和热载荷下作用的情况。

Of development economics. The famed Indian scholar Sudisen remarked "Deng Xiaoping is the greatest contemporary economist of the development economics", and I reckoned that Deng propelled the development economics to one fully new stage from various aspects and left inerasable influence on the historyof development economics after my comparatively entire, systematical and deep research.

印度著名学者苏地生称&邓小平是当代最伟大的发展经济学家&，笔者经过比较全面、系统和深入的研究后认为，邓小平从多方面把发展经济学推进到了一个全新的发展阶段，在发展经济学史上留下了不可磨灭的影响。

Compared with the tradition electron payment,mobile telephone there is existing several aspect advantage inpayment: Payment process is comparatively safe , convenient andrapid is more advanced.

与传统的电子支付相比，手机支付存在着几个方面的优势：支付过程较为安全，便捷性较高等。

Fancy gold-plated dangling earrings with facetted White Opal crystals.

花式镀金悬垂耳环与facetted白欧泊水晶。

This essay chooses the study aim from biology teachers in middle school in Shi Jiazhuang which tells us that most of the middle school biology teachers in Shi Jiazhuang have the"burnout", lower successfulness, individualize.

本文选取石家庄市初中生物教师作为研究对象，运用问卷调查的方法对石家庄市初中生物教师职业倦怠的现状进行调查，调查结果发现，石家庄市初中生物教师这一群体普遍存在职业倦怠，情感枯竭程度偏高，成就感偏低，去个性化程度最为严重。