查询词典 comparative method

In this series of articles, He Yunbo proposes the ideal textbook of Comparative Literature in his understanding, distinguished by the qualities of academic intensity, dialogue, and unfinishedness; ZhangYuejun introduces the status quoof Comparative Literature studies in the USA; Zhang Xu's article concerns itself with the discipline organizational system, curriculum planning, teaching trends and problems in the field of comparative literature inHongKong; whereas ZhongYouxun aims at some fundamental issues of the educational system as awhole, and expresses his anxiety over the dilemma of graduate education and the pedagogy of comparative literature.

何云波首先提出了他心目中理想的研究生教材的构想：学术性、对话性、未完成性；张跃军介绍了美国比较文学研究的现状；张旭的文章涉及香港比较文学学科建制、课程设计、教学动态、存在的问题等；钟友循则从整个教育的某些根本问题入手，提出了研究生教育及比较文学教学所面临的困境。

Among all the export commodities, the increase of machinery and transport equipment"s export is rapidest and most obvious. Therefore, it is necessary to make an analysis about whether China"s machinery and transport equipment have comparative advantages.This thesis reviews the history of the comparative advantage theory at first and points out their different influences on the developing countries economic development. Then the thesis explains the forms and the decisive factors of the comparative advantage in detail and analyses the inherent mechanism under which these factors impel the comparative advantage to change.

本文首先回顾了静态比较优势理论和动态比较优势理论的发展历史，并指出了它们对发展中国家经济发展的不同影响；然后详细阐述了动态比较优势的表现形式和决定因素，分析了这些因素促使动态比较优势转变的内在机制；然后结合显示性比较优势指数以及净出口指数对我国的出口商品以及机械与运输设备进行分析，指出我国出口的机械与运输设备正处于一个转型时期，并将我国的该大类产品和同期的韩国该大类商品进行了比较，指出我国机械与运输设备商品所面临的问题。

A comparative research on the ombudsmen institution may undertake in two aspects :One is the comparative research on norms, such as qualifications, organs, mechanisms, jurisdictions and power limits; Another is the comparative research on functions, namely, its special characteristics and indisplaceable status are demonstrated through the comparative study between the ombudsman institution and the parliament supervision, the judicial supervision and the internal supervision.

行政监察专员制度的比较研究可以从两个方面进行：一是进行规范比较，即对行政监察专员的任职资格、组织机构、运行机制、职责范围、权力界限等进行系统的、全面的比较分析；二是进行功能比较，矾究和阐述行政监察专员制度与议会监督机制、司法救济机制、行政机关内部救济机制的关系，从中总结出行政监察专员制度的独特品质及其无可替代的地位与功能。

China should emphasize on promoting export and expanding domestic demand simultaneously, namely "the inner and outer are both crucial"; China should learn from "Asian Four Tigers" to achieve growth by complying with comparative advantage in the main and to acquire competitive advantage on the basis of comparative advantage; On the basis of comparative advantage China should foster dynamic comparative advantage through government policies in limited industries which can upgrade the industry structure.

本文的系统性创新主要集中在第四章，创新成果主要表现为：首先，通过理论分析与实证研究相结合的方法，得出亚洲&四小龙&产业发展基本遵循比较优势的结论；其次，指出亚洲&四小龙&比较优势战略具有复合性特征，即在经济发展整体上遵循比较优势的基础上，在一定时期的特定产业范围内通过政府干预培育动态比较优势；再次，以1997年金融危机为契机，对政府干预程度与经济抗冲击能力之间的关系进行考察，提出政府干预应该适度，过度干预与&积极不干预&皆为不妥的观点。

Main points of the thesis are as follows:(1) The main function models and information relations between these models in the CAPP system in the integrated CAD/CAM project are explained, a new process plan design method is mentioned based on analyses of process plan design. This method is based on the process plan prototype, and develops the prototype little by little until the perfect process plan is completed, the prospect of this method is discussed;(2) The feature abstracting rules and methods are studied, a feature coding system is developed based on GT, all the defined feature models are described by the mathematical methods;(3) The integrated method of CAD/CAPP based on features is mentioned, this method defines a feature exchanging model, and develops an interface software to exchange design data into technology data base, this technology data base includes the design and technology information of the parts;(4) The process plan reasoning method based on features is created, this method uses Mycin algorithm to solve the reasoning of the feature process plan. A process plan making system is developed. In this system part process plan is made by the semi-intelligent method, this method uses the feature reasoning, feature process chain searching and man-computer talking together;(5) The main structure of the HOPE system is introduced, a shaft drawing and its process plan made by this system are shown, the data process problem in process drawing making is also discussed;(6) A new method of describing process rule is introduced, this method uses IfThen rules and neural nets weight values together to describe process rules, the BP algorithm is adopted in this method;(7) The optimal machining sequence problem of the process steps on the same fixturing is discussed, optimal algorithms SA is applied to solve this problem, the result shows that this method is more efficient than the traditional method;(8) All jobs in the thesis are summarized. In order to carry out the research in the future, some rational proposals are given.

全文论述的内容主要有下列几个方面：(1)较为系统地阐述了CAD／CAM一体化工程项目中CAPP系统的主要功能模块及其信息流程，在分析工艺设计过程的基础上，提出了基于特征原型的渐进式工艺设计方法，并探讨了该方法的应用前景；(2)研究了零件特征提取的原则和方法，在成组技术的基础上，开发了一套基于特征的分类编码系统，并在提取零件特征的基础上，定义了零件特征的数据模型，开发了基于轴类零件特征的参数化设计系统；(3)研究了基于特征的CAD／CAPP集成的方法，通过定义零件特征数据模型的存储结构，开发了将设计数据转换到工艺数据库中的接口程序，为后续的CAPP系统提供必要的零件形状和工艺信息；(4)研究了基于特征的工艺推理方法，将Mycin算法应用到工艺决策中，开发了基于特征的工艺推理及工艺方案生成系统，在系统中综合运用特征推理、特征加工工艺链查询及人机对话相结合的半智能化方法确定零件加工工艺；(5)介绍了整个HOPE系统的总体结构，通过运行HOPE系统绘出了一轴类零件的零件图，并生成了该零件的加工工艺方案，初步探讨了基于特征的工序图生成技术中数据处理问题；(6)研究了工艺设计过程中知识如何有效表示的问题，提出了将显式的IF-THEN规则表示与隐式神经网络权值表示相结合的工艺知识表示方法，并利用BP算法进行了工艺知识表示的初步研究；(7)研究了工艺设计过程中同一安装下工步优化排序问题，利用神经网络中基于模拟退火的理论来解决该工步优化排序问题，实践证明该方法较传统的算法具有更高的效率；(8)总结了本文所进行的研究工作，为今后进一步开展工作提出了较为合理的建议。

In this paper Ⅰ successfully applied these methods to fault diagnosis, and presenting some new innovative machinery fault diagnosis method; First Ⅰ present a new gear wornout fault diagnosis method, this method use the vibration signal's time-frequency attribute and instantaneous phase undulation to accurately detect gear's fault, and by comparing with the traditional frequency domain analysis method, this method reveals that many nonlinear and nonstationary characteristic exist in gear's vibration, this tell us that if we use frequency domain analysis method without pay attention to the signal's characteristic, we could get wrong diagnostic result; Then Ⅰ present a new bearing fault diagnosis method, this method use ATVFD and Hilbert transform to do envelop demodulation,Ⅰ analyze the envelop with time-frequency method and find out that this method is more accurate then traditional method.Ⅰ also explain that the modulation of the fault to the carrier wave may also be non-stationary and nonlinear; Finally Ⅰ present a cylinder pressure measurement method of diesel engine by means of vibration, cylinder pressure is an important parameter of diesel engine fault diagnosis, the pressure measuring is simplified a lot by this method,Ⅰ also use the ATVFD and time-frequency analysis to realize it.

本文中将上述理论方法成功地应用到故障诊断中去，提出了几点创新性的诊断方法；提出了一种齿轮磨损故障诊断的新方法，该方法利用振动信号能量的时频域分布特征与瞬时相位波动特征可以进行精确的齿轮故障诊断，并通过与传统的频域诊断方法的比较，揭示出齿轮振动中存在的明显的非线性与非平稳特征，说明了不加选择地利用频域分析方法进行齿轮故障诊断很可能会得到错误的诊断结果；提出了一种轴承故障诊断的新方法，该方法利用ATVFD分解与Hilbert变换进行包络解调，并对解调得到的包络信号进行时频域分析，可以实现更加准确轴承故障诊断，说明了故障对载波信号的调制往往也是非平稳与非线性的；提出了一种利用振动信号进行柴油机汽缸内压力检测的新方法，柴油机汽缸压力的变化是柴油机故障诊断的重要参数，利用振动方法可大大简化汽缸压力的检测过程，该方法也是综合利用ATVFD分解与时频域分析方法实现的。

"A Dream of Red Mansions", although the translation of research case studies, but in two languages, two types of Comparative Literature and cultural studies can learn a wealth of inspiration and resources to sort out the scientific method to sum up, you can make our translation Research based on language, literature and cultural comparative study on the solid foundation, in contrast to linguistics, comparative culture, literature and art aesthetics and poetics of translation has been found and so on, for the construction of translation studies and translation of the cause of the development of its own contribution to

红楼梦》的翻译研究虽属个案研究，但在对两种语言、两种文学和文化的对照研究中可以汲取丰富的灵感和资源，用科学的方法加以梳理总结，可以使我们的翻译研究建立在语言、文学和文化对照研究的坚实的基础之上，在对照语言学、对照文化学、文艺美学和翻译诗学等方面有所发现，为翻译学的建设和翻译事业的发展做出自己的贡献

This train classifies "information carrier adhering to the build" as design elements, and probes into integrated design method of it and single building separately: method of definite position, method of definite form and method of combination; Then, this train probes into integrated design method of it and colonys building , that bases on the cognitive design method: method of rhythm controls,method of node outstanding, and that aims at the design method to protect: method of protect original, method of repairing and method of renewal.

本文的第四部分提出了一体化设计的思路，将建筑附着信息载体作为设计元素，探讨了它与建筑单体一体化设计的方法：定位法、定形法、混合法；以及它与建筑群体一体化设计时，基于认知的设计方法：节奏控制法、节点突出法，旨在保护的设计方法：存真法、修缮法、更新法。

This paper has five parts:The first part introduces the relative theories of comparative linguistics, which includes the beginning and developing of comparative linguistics, the comparative principles and means and the definitions of the relative terms.

本论文共分为五个部分：第一部分：介绍对比语言学的相关理论，主要介绍对比语言学的产生、发展；对比的原则和方法；对相关术语进行界定。

The history of linguistics is the first comparative linguistics, Chinese learning as the historical comparative linguistics (historical comparative linguistics).

最初的历史语言学是比较语言学，中文习称为历史比较语言学（historical comparative linguistics）。

Researches reveal that students who suffer from corporal punishment tend to resort to violence in their future life.

研究表明遭受过肉体惩罚的孩子倾向于在他们今后的人生中使用暴力。

Total sugar of sarcocarp and chlorophyll of pericarp increased firstly, and then decreased afterward along with altitude; Titratable acidity, ascorbicacid and anthocyanin of pericarp were increased along with altitude; The content of protein increased firstly and decreased afterward along with altitude; Carotenoid of pericarp were decreased along with altitude.

果肉总糖和果皮叶绿素含量随海拔高度升高先升高后降低；可滴定酸、维生素C和果皮花青苷含量均随海拔升高而升高；蛋白质在1720m处最大，1420m处最小；果皮类胡萝卜素随海拔升高而降低。