查询词典 communities

In recent years it has been exploited to be a famous scenic spot. To avoid vegetation degradation resulting from human activities and strengthen plant protection, Carpinus turczaninowii communities in great valley were selected as our research subject. The species diversity, interspecific association and correlation, niche breadth and niche overlap in these communities were studied using quantitative methods.

为了加强对该地区植被的保护，避免因人为干扰而导致的植被破坏和退化，本文以太行山南段的小叶鹅耳枥群落为研究对象，在分析了群落主要特征的基础上，应用数量生态学方法，分别从群落的物种多样性、优势种群的种间关系和生态位三个方面，客观定量地分析了植物群落的生态关系。

Between shrub and herb layers ,the difference of each index was not significant The total richness index and Shannon-Wiener index of Phellodendron amurense plantation community were all the highest than those of the other communities.(2) The total richness index of Machilus pingii- Quercus oxyodon evergreen broad-leaved forest community, Alnus cremastogyne-Betula luminifera-Quercus oxyodon evergreen-deciduous broad-leaved forest community and Rhus potaninii- Juglans sigillata- Quercus oxyodon evergreen-deciduous broad-leaved forest community all exceeded 31 .These communities , the dominance species in their shrub layers is Fargesia rufa ,such as Betula luminifera-Rhus chinensis-Quercus oxyodon evergreen-deciduous broad-leaved forest community, Quercus oxyodon-Litsea pungens-Cornus macrophylla evergreen-deciduous broad-leaved forest community, Cornus macrophylla- Acer caudatum var.

2润楠-曼椆常绿阔叶林、桤木-亮叶桦-曼椆常绿落叶阔叶混交林、青麸杨-野核桃-曼椆常绿落叶阔叶混交林群落的总体丰富度指数均大于31；在灌木层以青川箭竹为主的群落(亮叶桦-盐肤木-曼椆常绿落叶阔叶混交林、曼椆-木姜子-梾木常绿落叶阔叶混交林、梾木-川滇长尾槭-落叶阔叶林、川西樱桃-尾叶樱-川滇长尾槭落叶阔叶林)中，各群落总体丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数较小，总体优势度指数较大；8种次生林群落灌木层丰富度指数均高于乔木层，乔-灌层间丰富度指数差异性检验达显著水平；乔-草层间的丰富度指数差异性检验达极显著水平，Shannon-Wiener多样性指数差异达显著水平；灌-草层间的多样性指数和优势度指数差异性检验均达显著水平。

There were only 94 vascular plant species, belonging to 50 family and 75 genera. The dominant species in the communities were deciduous broadleaf species Liquidambar formosana, Robinia pseudoacacia, Ailanthus altissima, Acer buergerianum, and Celtis sinensis, evergreen broadleaf species Cinnamomum camphora and Elaeocarpus glabripetalus, and Phyllostachys heterocycla. Robinia pseudoacacia+Cinnamomum camphora community had the highest Shannon-Wiener index (1757) and Phyllostachys heterocycla+Acer buergerianum community had the highest Simpson index (0163), but no consistency was observed between the curves of H and D. For vertical structure, most communities had no significant understory stratification.

结果表明：辰山植物区系以泛热带和北温带占优势，具有典型亚热带和温带成分交汇和南北植物分布交错特征；但保育区内种类单一，维管束植物仅有49科69属94种；主要群落是以枫香、刺槐、臭椿、三角枫和朴树等为优势树种的落叶阔叶林，以香樟和秃瓣杜英等为优势树种的常绿阔叶林，以及毛竹林；物种多样性普遍较低，Shannon-Wiener多样性指数最高为刺槐+香樟群落（1.757），Simpson均匀度指数最高值为毛竹+三角枫群落（0.163）；多样性指数曲线和均匀度指数曲线不具有一致性的变化趋势；多数群落垂直结构中无明显林下分层现象；演替前期的落叶乔木种群后续个体不足。

Communities structure, standing crops of benthic algae were investigated in the littoral zone of 6 Yunnan plateau lakes, and benthic algae communities were composed of Cladophora spp.

对云南6个高原湖泊沿岸带底栖藻类的群落结构、现存量等进行了调查，研究期间发现底栖藻类群落主要由绿藻门的刚毛藻Cladophora spp。

There were three dominant species, that is Quercus liaotungensis , Corylus yunnanensis and Camphlotropis macrocarpa in the communities with artificial restoration for 9 years,16 years, and natural restoration for 16 years. These three species in these communities showed intense aggregation distribution whose intensity and area increased with the restoration time.

辽东栎、滇榛和杭子梢3个优势种群在人工恢复9年、人工恢复16年和自然恢复16年3群落内呈较强的聚集分布，聚集强度和聚集面积都随恢复时间的延长而增加，人工恢复16年群落具有较高的聚集强度，自然恢复群落具有较高的聚集面积。

On the section, the Wenghui Biota can be redivided into Globusphyton,Sectoralga-Longifuniculum,Cucullus,Beltanelliformis,and Baculiphyca- Gesinella Communities, from below to above. The change and evolution of these communities show the relation the biota and microenvironment, and indicates the relationship macro-plants with metazoans.

在时间纵向上可依次分为Globusphyton ， Sectoralga-Longifuniculum ， Cucullus ， Beltanelliformis ，Baculiphyca-Gesinella等5个群落，反映出生物群落与环境的相关性以及宏体后生动物与植物之间的相关性和规律性。

The result shows that the Giant Panda habitat in Gansu is an under-plant population of forest communities with Fargesia denudate as the dominant species; that Giant Panda make movements at the altitudes ranging from 1 600 m to 2 000 m in Wenxian County and Diebu County; that the characteristics of bamboo population, geographical environment, along with the integrity of forest communities, are taken as the three dominant factors in influencing the life of Giant Panda;and that the features of the habitat are basically stable but reasonable distribution together with strong artificial disturbance is considered as the potential factor resulting in the habitat unstable.

结果表明：甘肃省大熊猫主要栖息在以缺苞箭竹为优势的下木种群森林群落中，其垂直活动范围主要集中在海拔1 600～2 800 m处，水平分布在文县和迭部一带；竹类种群的特性、地理环境和森林群落的完整性是大熊猫栖息生存的3个主要综合要素；甘肃省大熊猫的生境特征基本稳定，但该区竹类种群的正态性分布和人为干扰强度是构成其生境不稳定的重要潜在因素。

In the CO_2 source area, phytoplankton abundance was low and zooplankton mainly belonged to true estuary and estuary marine communities; while in the CO_2 sink area, phytoplankton was high and zooplankton mainly belonged to euryhaline marine communities.

在枯水季节，长江口海域由低盐区大气二氧化碳的强源逐渐过渡到高盐区的弱汇，咸淡水的混合在一定程度上决定了该区域碳源汇的格局；二氧化碳源区，浮游植物的丰度低，浮游动物主要是纯河口类群和河口性海洋类群，而汇区，浮游植物的丰度高，浮游动物主要是广盐性海洋类群。

The comparative study on vegetation background survey of the stationsand the comparison on level of phytocoenology on zonal habitats indicates thatthe diminishment of the numbers of families,genus and species,compositionof life types,diversity of communities and habitats,;and the increscence in theproportion of photosynthesis functional groups of C3/C4 plant,richness ofspecies,density of tussock and tiller,diversity of species,evenness,leaf areaindex,leaf area duration,dry matter production of communities alongside thelatitude increasing and the temperature decreasing;and the dynamic curve ofthe community productivity also tend to steadily increase along with thetemperature going up and the heat accumulation gradually in moderate-temperate steppe station from violent fluctuation along with seasonal badly-distribution of precipitation in warm-temperature steppe station;manifestingthat transformable tendency of productivity pattern of the community from morevigorous net assimilation,sparser and higher crops stricture of tussock and tiller,and possession on more resources by less species inclined to thicker in densityof crops,superior effectiveness of multi-leaves and pattern of multi-speciesresource sharing,reflecting that bigger disparity of the vegetationcharacteristics and the style of the community growth in the two differentthermal-type steppe stations owing to background of natural-historicenvironment and combination of water and heat.

内蒙古草原区两个不同热量型研究站点植被本底调查和显域地境群落学水平的比较研究表明：随纬度增加和气温降低，植物科、属、种的数目，生活型组成，群落类型和生境类型的多样性均趋于减少，而C3/C4光合功能群比值和群落的物种丰富度，株丛密度，物种多样性，群落均匀度，叶面积指数，叶面积持续时间和群落干物质生产能力均趋于增加，群落生产力动态曲线从随天然降水的季节分布不均而剧烈波动趋向于随气温逐渐升高和热量逐步积累而稳定增长，显示出两站点植物群落从较为旺盛的群体净同化作用、较为稀疏高大的群体结构和少数物种占有较多群落资源的生产力格局向较高的群体密度、优良的多叶性能和多物种资源共享的群落生产力格局转变，反映出在内蒙古草原区不同的自然历史环境背景和不同的温度条件及其水热组合状况影响下，两个不同热量型草原站点植被性质的分异特征和显域地境群落生长模式的较大差别。

At the edge of sand land, there lies a Caragana microphylla zone. From the fringe to the center of sand land, there are more mesic plant communities. A sandy environment which is different the local climate is constructed in the hinterland of the sand land, so there are more different ecological types of the plant communities.

在沙地与草原的过渡带上一般会有由小叶锦鸡儿群落组成的一个过渡带，从沙地的边缘到沙地的腹地，植物群落逐渐中生化，沙地在其腹地营造了一个超越当地气候特征的沙地环境，容纳了各类不同生态类型的植物群落。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。