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This method displays the whole process of the contact between drill stem and well wall, and gives contact points and contact forces. It provides a reliable and practical aidlifetime of the drill stem. The method presented in this paper may also be adapand extended reach well drilling.

为实钻时，防止钻柱磨损和对钻柱寿命的预测提供了依据，对钻柱的结构设计以及钻柱力学的研究具有一定指导意义，本方法适用性强也可应用于定向井、大位移井等同类问题的研究。

This method displays the whole process of the contact between drill stem and casing-pipe wall. Gradual simulation is used to dynamically simulate the best position of appending non-rotating drill stem protector. By this way, we can find out contact points and contact force, then make certain the position and number of installing protector.

并采用逐步模拟法，对钻柱添加非旋转防磨减断保护套的最佳位置进行仿真分析，得到钻柱与套管壁的接触区域及接触力，确定非旋转防磨减断保护套的安装位置以及所需安装的数量，为合理使用非旋转防磨减断保护套提供理论依据和前提。

The result indicates that the contact stress increases almost in linearity proportion with the increase of the preparation force, The maximum contact stress increases with the increase of the assort excessiveness, and the position of the maximum contact stress also changes.

分析表明导柱的最大接触应力随着预紧力的增加而几乎成线性增加，导柱在配合部位的接触应力随着配合过盈量的增加不但其值增加，而且最大接触应力。

The features to evaluate the tooth contact quality such as the location of the contact point on the tooth surface, clearance between the meshing tooth surfaces, curve of the transmission error and the path of the contact point are investigated. The accurate geometric representation with non-uniform rational B spline of the worm and the wheel tooth surface is presented then the corresponding program is developed.

根据平面包络环面蜗杆传动的创成方法，建立了包含加工误差的蜗杆和蜗轮的齿面方程，分析了平面包络环面蜗杆传动和平面二次包络环面蜗杆传动的刚性啮合特性如误差对接触点的位置、齿面间隙、传动误差曲线和接触点在齿面上的轨迹的影响。

Near the contact boundary there exists a kind of metamorphic rock known as hornfels. It is resulted from the contact metamorphism when magma comes in contact with the sedimentary rocks and heats and squeeze s them.

在二者接触界线附近发育着一种叫角岩的变质岩，角岩的形成是由于岩浆人侵与周围沉积岩接触时所产生的热量和压力致使原岩发生变化而成。

Near the contact boundary there exists a kind of metamorphic rock known as hornfels. It is resulted from the contact metamorphism when magma comes in contact with the sedimentary rocks and heats and squeezes them.

在二者接触界线附近发育着一种叫角岩的变质岩，角岩的形成是由于岩浆人侵与周围沉积岩接触时所产生的热量和压力致使原岩发生变化而成。

Near the contact boundary there exists a kind of metamorphic rock known as hornfels. It is resulted from the contact metamorphism wh magma comes in contact with the sedimentary rocks and heats and squeezes them.

在二者 接触界线附近发育着一种叫角岩的变质岩，角岩的形成是由于岩浆人侵与周围沉积岩接触时所产生的热量和压力致使原岩发生变化而成。

Finally, the contact zone and contact stresses can be determined when a couple of contact loading and indenter's curvature are specified.

最后，利用所得直线族，在已知接触压力与压头半径的前提下确定接触区尺寸与接触应力。

Four-node degenerated shell element and rigid shell element are used in our FEM model.Updated Lagrange formulation and rate form constitutive equation are adopted to solve the problem of large strain and large rotation in sheet forming process.Sheet metal material property is described by plastic anisotropy yielding model and isotropic hardening model.Master surface-slave surface contact model is used to define the contact between tools and blank.Contact constraints are enforced with a kinematic algorithm and friction stress is computed by Coulomb friction law.Dynamic relaxation method is used to treat springback after forming stroke.

四结点蜕化壳单元和刚体壳单元分别用来建立板和模具的有限元模型；更新Lagrange法和速率型本构关系被用来处理板料变形中的大应变和大转动；材料模型采用塑性各向异性屈服与等向强化模型；通过主从面模型定义板料和模具的接触，接触算法采用运动约束法，摩擦力用库仓定律计算；并利用动力松弛法对回弹过程进行了计算。

In chapter six, A finite element model to evaluate the mechanics properties of thin wall structure is put forwards. The 4-node quadrilateral Hughes-Liu shell element with five through-the-thickness integration points is employed. The material is assumed to satisfy the elastic-plastic yield condition with isotropic hardening. The single surface contact algorithm is taken to deal with the contact searching. The priori stabilization procedures for the numerical control of the hourglass instability and the penalty method for the evaluation of contact force are used. The classical Coulomb law of friction is employed to evaluate the friction force.

第六章采用法向方向5点积分的4节点Hughes-Liu壳单元，前置参数法砂漏控制技术，等向强化弹塑性材料模型，分步增量应力回映方法，一体化接触搜寻算法，罚参数接触力计算方法及经典摩擦定律，建立了一种计算受冲薄壁结构大变形力学特性计算的有限元模型，通过对汽车A传动轴及汽车纵向方形吸能梁的大变形力学特性分析，验证了该有限元模型的正确性。

"Yes, now you can give yourself airs," she said, you have got what you wanted.

"对了，您现在高兴了，"她说道，这是您所期待的。

Then the LORD said to me: Rebel Israel is inwardly more just than traitorous Judah.

上主于是对我说：＂失节的以色列比失信的犹大，更显得正义。